Carbohydrate Metabolism and Glucose Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary force responsible for pulling water into the circulatory system from the surrounding tissue?

  • Oncotic pressure (correct)
  • Hydrostatic pressure
  • Osmotic pressure
  • Electrostatic pressure

What is the primary contributor to the total oncotic pressure in an average capillary?

  • Globulins
  • Fibrinogen
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Albumin (correct)

What is the result of decreased oncotic pressure in the blood?

  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Build-up of excess fluid in tissues (correct)
  • Increased red blood cell production
  • Increased heart rate

Where do the amino acids released from protein degradation go?

<p>They are returned to the metabolic pools in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in regards to amino acids?

<p>To regulate the metabolic pools of amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of non-protein nitrogen compounds like urea and ammonia in the liver?

<p>They are metabolized in the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in terms of substance absorption from the GIT?

<p>To act as a barrier to harmful substances and allow useful substances to reach systemic circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of reversible binding of a compound to a protein to inactivate it?

<p>Reversible binding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the portal vein in the liver's detoxification process?

<p>It carries venous blood from the GIT to the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of storage for several metabolites including iron, glycogen, and amino acids?

<p>The liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of modifying a compound to make it readily excreted?

<p>Chemical modification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug-metabolizing system of the liver responsible for?

<p>The detoxification of many drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in maintaining stable glucose concentrations?

<p>To store glucose as glycogen and degrade glycogen depending on the body's need (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of glucose liberated by the liver during stress or fasting?

<p>Glycogen stored in the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is muscle glycogen not directly available as a source of blood glucose?

<p>Because muscle lacks glucose 6-phosphatase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) in the liver?

<p>It is converted to glucose and released into the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in lipid metabolism?

<p>To regulate the coordinated uptake, storage, and release of lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative distribution of glycogen in the liver and muscle?

<p>The liver contains highly concentrated glycogen, although muscle contains more glycogen by weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of amino acid oxidation in the liver?

<p>Production of ketones and acetyl-CoA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes?

<p>Jaundice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of classifying jaundice into prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic types?

<p>To formulate appropriate plans for treatment or management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in the metabolism of bilirubin?

<p>Breakdown of bilirubin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the urea cycle in the liver?

<p>Urea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of liver cancer?

<p>Metastatic liver cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver tests in category A?

<p>To evaluate the liver's ability to transport organic anions and metabolize drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of liver cirrhosis?

<p>Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is tested in category B liver function tests?

<p>Aminotransferases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of testing for α fetoprotein?

<p>To measure the biosynthetic capacity of the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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