Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by environmental allergies in canines?
What condition is commonly recognized as a reaction to flea bites in dogs?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a feline hypersensitivity disorder?
What is a key strategy recommended for educating clients about allergic conditions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
In treating allergic dogs, how should patients be categorized for treatment options?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of dermatitis is specifically caused by contact with an allergen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is considered a secondary condition associated with allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of current strategies for managing allergic conditions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one potential long-term consequence of frequent oral steroid use?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is documented to have a rate of disease remission for allergic patients over the long term?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these is an adverse event associated with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the goal percentage for reducing itch in atopic dogs using immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which injectable treatment blocks the pruritic effects of IL-31?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT listed as an adverse event associated with higher dosing of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one objective in managing allergies in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of dogs may experience soft stool as an adverse event from Cyclosporine (Atopica)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common finding in dogs with severe food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the dermatitis commonly seen in allergic dogs that is associated with food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with canine food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What underlying condition can lead to secondary Malassezia dermatitis in allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which location on the dog is known for showing alopecia and erythema associated with food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the presence of otitis in an allergic dog typically indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is associated with dermatitis in the axillary area caused by food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of diet is often questioned regarding its effectiveness for dogs with food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary basis for diagnosing lesions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements regarding treatment of lesions in dogs is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some common causes of complications after surgical excision of lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT listed as a differential diagnosis for lesions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of therapy has been noted to be beneficial for some patients dealing with lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug listed is an anxiolytic used for treating psychogenic dermatoses in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major characteristic of dermatohistopathology findings for lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be identified and corrected as part of the treatment process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common secondary infection associated with chronic alopecia in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatments is suggested for managing pruritus in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which environmental modification can help reduce allergies in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What treatment regimen is advised for long-term maintenance therapy of pruritus?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition might chronic alopecia in cats be linked to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT identified as a differential for alopecia in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What method is suggested for reducing exposure to house dust mites in sensitive cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic appearance of alopecic skin in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of eosinophils in dermatohistopathology related to dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication should be administered for itch control in a dog weighing 20 kg?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended frequency for bathing dogs to help wash off pollens and prevent secondary infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment strategy for inflammation in allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
During dermatohistopathology, which inflammatory cells are predominantly observed in cases of dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option best describes the use of Cyproheptadine in the context of atopic dermatitis treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of bathing atopic dogs every 3 to 7 days?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following medications is used for symptomatic therapy in allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a classic symptom of canine atopy as indicated in the given context?
Signup and view all the answers
Which lesion is characteristic of allergic pododermatitis in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age can canine food hypersensitivity occur?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following food items should not be included during a hypoallergenic diet trial?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a typical finding in response to intradermal allergy skin tests in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food types are commonly implicated in canine food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What signifies the presence of allergic otitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Why should certain food items not be administered during a hypoallergenic diet trial?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of atopic dogs may require lifelong therapy for allergic control?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment shows a good to excellent response rate in atopic dogs requiring additional medical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common treatment adjustment needed for poorly controlled allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What long-term effect has not been statistically increased due to the immune effects of Cyclosporine?
Signup and view all the answers
How frequently can approximately 50% of dogs achieve allergic control?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of atopic dogs are likely to show clinical improvement within a short time of beginning immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition in dogs should breeding be discouraged due to a strong genetic component?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common reason for relapses in allergic dogs despite treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which diagnostic method is highly suggestive of flea allergy in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential outcome of using aggressive flea control like nitenpyram?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatments is recommended for symptomatic therapy in flea-allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended dosage range for Temaril-P in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is used at lower doses for significant antipruritic effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical dermatitis finding in flea-allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a symptom commonly associated with flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be avoided during long-term treatment with Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is recommended as a trial for confirming flea allergy in patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option is least likely to provide itch control for flea-allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the advised tapering strategy for corticosteroid administration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects an issue in allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
In patients with flea allergy dermatitis, what findings are typical?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary reason for maintaining a flea control regimen in colder climates?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of conducting a trial with nitenpyram in patients presented with dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a notable treatment characteristic of prednisone in managing allergic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mode of symptom manifestation in feline atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements regarding the use of systemic glucocorticoids in managing pruritus is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
In what time frame should a beneficial effect be expected from oral essential fatty acid supplements for managing feline atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which locations on the cat's body are commonly affected by pruritus due to atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common clinical sign observed in cats suffering from atopic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant adverse effect linked to systemic glucocorticoid use in treating allergic reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the pattern of pruritus in cats with atopy is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes a focal lesion associated with flea allergy dermatitis from a hot spot?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason for implementing an integrated flea management program?
Signup and view all the answers
Which potential adverse effect is most commonly associated with long-term glucocorticoid therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended course of action for dogs treated long-term with steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
Why should injectable long-acting steroids be avoided for allergy treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
How long is the anti-inflammatory benefit of long-acting injectable steroids typically observed?
Signup and view all the answers
What could be a potential outcome of chronic dermatitis in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence of not tapering glucocorticoid therapy in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatment regimens is suggested for managing chronic pruritus in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common behavior exhibited by cats with self-induced excoriations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected prognosis if strict flea control is not practiced?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of adverse effects may be related to systemic glucocorticoid therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor is associated with atopy that may impact some cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment method is suggested to reduce exposure to allergens in sensitive cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended approach for managing flea allergy dermatitis in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly considered a differential diagnosis for alopecia in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of dogs typically requires daily dosing for long-term control of allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment may be used initially to accelerate the response in dogs with allergy control?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an effect of using benzyl benzoate for house dust mite treatment in sensitive cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common occurrence in dogs undergoing treatment for allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of atopic dogs typically show good to excellent response to immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a concern when dogs become poorly controlled in their allergy management?
Signup and view all the answers
What key factor should be considered when breeding dogs in relation to atopic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a treatment strategy suggested for managing allergic diseases in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach is recommended for long-term symptom control in allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary concern associated with the use of long-acting injectable steroids in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of atopic cats are reported to show favorable responses to immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
In treating feline dermatitis, what is often the estimated time frame in which clinical improvement may be observed with treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical factor to confirm before initiating treatment in cats for dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended initial dosage regimen of Fexofenadine for flea control in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition has been noted to be effectively controlled by Cyclosporine in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
How long might it take to see clinical response from immunotherapy in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What strategy is recommended for maintaining cats on medication after initial therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What age range is most commonly associated with the onset of symptoms in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which secondary skin lesion is particularly common in atopic dogs due to self-trauma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a unique symptom indicating canine atopy that may vary based on allergen exposure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method of allergy testing can be highly variable according to its technique?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT a differential diagnosis for canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common result of chronic scratching or licking in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of bacterial skin infection is frequently associated with atopic dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom might indicate a secondary condition in atopic dogs, particularly involving inflammation of the ear?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hallmark clinical sign of allergic pododermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which age group is most commonly diagnosed with canine food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by a swollen and erythematous ear canal?
Signup and view all the answers
In intradermal allergy testing, what does a highly reactive result indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following dietary items should NOT be given during a hypoallergenic diet trial?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition typically does NOT affect the footpads in canines with allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is considered a classic response to intradermal allergy skin testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an inappropriate food item when managing canine food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary advantage of using injectable short-acting steroids over oral treatments in food-allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if a new food item added to a hypoallergenic diet is found to be allergenic?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common consequence of poor owner compliance in the management of food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which percentage of dogs may require a home-cooked diet to remain symptom-free from food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the potential duration that injectable short-acting steroids can provide relief from symptoms, assuming no concurrent secondary infection occurs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended approach to identifying dietary allergens once food allergy has been diagnosed through diet trials?
Signup and view all the answers
What negative effect is associated with the long-term use of injectable steroids in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What key management strategy should be taken when caring for a food-allergic dog under long-term steroid treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in homes with allergenic pets?
Signup and view all the answers
How should allergen solutions for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) be administered to ensure efficacy?
Signup and view all the answers
What factors should be considered when discarding old dog beds to improve allergen management?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended frequency for the acaricide treatment of carpets and upholstery in homes with dog allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What humidity level should be maintained to effectively reduce house dust mites and molds in the home?
Signup and view all the answers
At what dosage frequency should the administration of Cyclosporine (Atopica) be adjusted once beneficial effects are observed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is important to ensure after administering SLIT to prevent it from becoming ineffective?
Signup and view all the answers
What outcome is reported with the use of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic (Zoetis) in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential consequence of self-induced excoriations in cats related to allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is typically recommended to manage pruritus in cats after the initial response?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of HEPA air filters in managing feline allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a likely differential diagnosis for alopecia in cats related to hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended frequency for treating household items to reduce exposure to dust mites in allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of dermatitis may present concurrently with self-induced excoriations in cats with allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which secondary condition may develop due to chronicity in allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What underlying condition may be correlated with chronic bronchitis in some cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical age range for the onset of symptoms in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is most commonly associated with canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What secondary skin lesion is often seen in atopic dogs due to self-trauma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which testing method is mentioned as having variable outcomes for diagnosing atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of the distribution of pruritus in atopic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hallmark feature in the pathophysiology of canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which underlying condition may lead to secondary Malassezia dermatitis in allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom of canine atopic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered an early indicator of allergic otitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic associated with allergic pododermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an important consideration when conducting a hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What skin condition typically does NOT affect the footpads of dogs with allergic reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which age group of dogs is most commonly diagnosed with food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What classic symptom indicates the presence of atopy in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors may complicate the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Erythematous interdigital pododermatitis in atopic dogs may indicate which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum dose of nitenpyram recommended for flea-allergic animals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area is NOT typically associated with pruritic miliary dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be administered to pets at risk of flea infestations before a planned encounter?
Signup and view all the answers
In heavily flea-infested environments, what method is recommended for treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
For how long should flea control therapy be continued in temperate areas?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a differential for flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the appropriate method for diagnosing lumbar dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended treatment for areas where pets spend the most time in flea-infested environments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant reason for suspecting flea allergy in cats with skin disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which diagnostic method is most suggestive of flea allergy in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do eosinophils play in the dermatological findings of flea allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is recommended for symptom control in flea allergy cases?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of administering nitenpyram for flea allergy symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
How often should topical itch control treatments be administered for optimal relief?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential risk associated with the long-term use of Oclacitinib for itch control?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the challenges in visualizing fleas on flea-allergic animals?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended initial frequency for administering Fexofenadine to cats for flea-related pruritus management?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is recommended for managing severe allergic reactions in cats only if other therapies fail or are unacceptable?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the estimated percentage of atopic cats that show favorable responses to immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following side effects is associated with long-acting injectable steroids in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is typically noted about clinical improvement from immunotherapy in atopic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What critical condition must cats be tested for before starting certain allergic treatments?
Signup and view all the answers
What medical risk associated with long-term steroid use in cats has been identified in a significant percentage of cases?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is noted for being well tolerated in cats and has minimal adverse effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a classic lesion associated with allergic pododermatitis in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor should be avoided during a hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs diagnosed with food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is NOT typically seen in allergic otitis among atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What common finding can be observed in atopic dogs experiencing interdigital pododermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Canine food hypersensitivity can manifest at any age; what percentage of diagnosed cases are younger than 1 year?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is least likely to be associated with canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of reaction is characterized by a bee sting-like positive response during intradermal allergy skin testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the alopecia and erythema commonly seen in areas affected by food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended duration for administering systemic antibiotics in cases of acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which therapeutic approach is suggested when no underlying cause for licking dermatitis can be identified?
Signup and view all the answers
Which breeds of dogs are most commonly affected by acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common characteristic of the lesions resulting from acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does environmental stress play in the development of acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What specific adjunct therapy may enhance the efficacy of antibiotic treatment for acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
How should the response to topical medications for acral lick dermatitis be characterized?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done with antibiotics after the lesions of acral lick dermatitis show regression?
Signup and view all the answers
What is suggested as a highly indicative sign in cats with skin diseases related to flea allergy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which therapy is recommended for itch control in flea-allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which test is NOT considered diagnostic for flea allergy in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What potential issue can arise from prolonged use of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of flea treatment is suggested to alleviate symptoms effectively?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary consideration when implementing a flea management program?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of dermatitis is most commonly associated with flea allergies based on dermatopathology findings?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant risk associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option best describes the role of allergy testing in diagnosing flea allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are potent, long-acting injectable steroids contraindicated for allergy treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended monitoring practice for dogs undergoing long-term steroid therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended frequency for applying symptomatic therapy in cats with flea allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of using injectable short-acting steroids like dexamethasone in the treatment protocol?
Signup and view all the answers
What must be emphasized during flea management to ensure effective treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected timeframe for monitoring adverse effects in dogs treated with glucocorticoids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a principal consequence of untreated flea allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended administration frequency for Temaril-P in treating pruritic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the advised tapering strategy for administering corticosteroids in pruritic patients?
Signup and view all the answers
In diagnosing flea allergy dermatitis, which observation is commonly noted in affected dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an indication that a dog may have flea allergy dermatitis, despite flea control measures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of a nitenpyram trial in diagnosing flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication class is employed in the treatment of flea allergy dermatitis for its antipruritic effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the appropriate dosage range for administering prednisone in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hallmark sign of pyotraumatic dermatitis as it relates to flea allergy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the significant risks associated with the long-term use of oral steroids in treating allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is suggested to alleviate severe itching on a short-term basis?
Signup and view all the answers
What primary strategy should be implemented when treating allergic conditions in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Oclacitinib when used for allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an essential preventative measure against secondary infections in animals with allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What main consequence may arise from not identifying and treating primary allergic diseases in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is essential to monitor when administering antibiotics for skin infections in allergic animals?
Signup and view all the answers
In patients with allergies, what is a significant factor that necessitates the selection of treatment options?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of atopic dogs may achieve good to excellent responses from immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about glucocorticoid dosing in long-term control of allergic dogs is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common reason for poor control in dogs undergoing therapy for allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment method aims to minimize the usage of steroids for allergic diseases?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of treatment for atopic dermatitis is discouraged regarding breeding?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a noted characteristic of the response time in atopic dogs receiving immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant reason for minimizing the use of steroids in managing allergic diseases in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of dogs typically require twice-weekly dosing for long-term control of allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom best illustrates the typical distribution pattern of lesions in canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
In which scenario is it essential to adjust treatment for allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is indicated by pododermatitis caused by chronic licking in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
How can lips and facial areas be affected in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of immunotherapy should be considered for managing atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What can indicate a secondary infection in an allergic dog with dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following skin changes is a direct result of chronic licking in dogs with atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pattern of presentation is most commonly associated with severe pruritus in atopic Labrador retrievers?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of oral essential fatty acid supplements in managing pruritus in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason food allergy testing is not recommended?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical frequency for applying topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos for allergy management?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of dermatitis is uniquely recognized as a feature of food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a unique therapeutic consideration when administering dextromethorphan for allergic dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What phenomenon may occur when essential fatty acid supplements are combined with glucocorticoids or antihistamines?
Signup and view all the answers
What must be done to determine the most effective systemic antihistamine for treating a dog's allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells may predominate in dermatohistopathology related to cases of atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the common dosage range for Amitriptyline when prescribed for treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is classified as an endorphin blocker?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential treatment for refractory lesions discussed in the context?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topical product is mentioned alongside flunixin meglumine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which underlying cause for Acral Lick Dermatitis is related to trauma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the dosage of Diazepam recommended for oral administration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is NOT indicated for treatment in cases of Acral Lick Dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the prognosis for chronic lesions that are unresponsive to treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of dogs typically requires daily dosing for long-term control of allergic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What proportion of atopic dogs may require some medical therapy in addition to immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is considered safe with no statistically significant increases in tumor risk for dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
For dogs that exhibit poor control of allergic conditions, what is the first issue to rule out?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended duration for administering Oclacitinib (Apoquel) to alleviate symptoms in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is discouraged regarding the breeding of dogs in relation to atopic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended frequency of dosing to control allergies in about half of the dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential adverse effect linked to the long-term use of an elimination diet in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is most likely to improve first after initiating a strict home-cooked elimination diet?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of managing allergic conditions in dogs, why is individualized treatment important?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common approach to quickly improving a dog's condition at the onset of treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the major concern regarding the use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy for managing food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following potential complications should be ruled out in poorly controlled allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common adverse reaction that might occur with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica) for food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant risk associated with long-acting injectable steroids used for allergy treatment in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be included in the treatment plan for dogs with food allergies showing poor response to typical therapies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key reason for having the pet owner complete a patient history form?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach should be avoided during discussions about allergy treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
How should veterinarians manage the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus for immunosuppressed family members?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the total daily dosage for Hydroxyzine in a 10 kg dog?
Signup and view all the answers
What is vital for families at risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication has a dosage range of 1–3 mg/kg for chronic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to monitor methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What potential outcome is associated with chronic lesions that are unresponsive to treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What common oversight may veterinarians make when discussing allergy treatments with pet owners?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the total dosage of Clomipramine for a 15 kg dog if given at 2 mg/kg?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be the primary objective for managing allergic patients at risk of contagion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following medications is classified as an endorphin blocker?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor is critical to consider when discussing the risk of zoonosis in households with allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is considered beneficial for refractory, proliferative infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the advisable frequency for administration of Fluoxetine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topical product is mentioned alongside flunixin meglumine for therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common sign of flea allergy dermatitis in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which skin condition is often misdiagnosed as psychogenic alopecia in flea-allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of lesion can be caused by flea allergy dermatitis on a cat's face?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common method used to diagnose flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic finding is associated with flea dirt in a flea-allergic cat?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following features is commonly observed with eosinophilic granulomas associated with flea allergy in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area is typically affected by allergic alopecia in a flea-allergic cat?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom can indicate an acute reaction to flea exposure in a cat?
Signup and view all the answers
Which therapy involves the use of topical solutions that may include oatmeal and antihistamines to alleviate symptoms of allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What duration of therapy is typically necessary for oral essential fatty acids to show beneficial effects in managing pruritus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is indicated as contraindicated for allergy management due to potential adverse effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant potential issue when using systemic antihistamines over the long term?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary behavioral symptom that dextromethorphan aims to address in dogs with allergic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
How often should antihistamine therapy be trialed to determine the most effective option for allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one therapeutic combination suggested to have a synergistic effect in the management of allergic symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms might indicate long-term use of antihistamines in allergy management?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of atopic dogs may require daily dosing for long-term control?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of using glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical age range at which most symptoms of canine atopy first appear?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents a common complication in dogs undergoing long-term therapy for atopic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the intended outcome of immunotherapy in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be associated with secondary skin lesions due to self-trauma in canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes seasonal from nonseasonal foot licking in dogs with atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
In managing allergic dogs that exhibit poor control, what should be prioritized for evaluation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a known differential diagnosis for canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following should be discouraged in breeding practices to prevent the genetic spread of atopic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms indicates allergic otitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of performing an intradermal allergy skin test in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of allergy testing is known to show highly variable results when diagnosing canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement regarding the frequency of steroid use in treating allergic disease in dogs is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
Which therapeutic approach has not shown statistically significant increases in tumor risk for dogs being treated for allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which age group is most commonly diagnosed with food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which areas of the body are typically affected by pruritus in dogs suffering from canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What dietary restrictions are recommended during a hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
If a dog's symptoms of atopic dermatitis are due to environmental allergens, what would be the most effective way to manage this condition?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by alopecia and lichenification under the axilla in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which form of dermatitis is commonly seen as a secondary effect in allergic dogs due to chronic skin irritation?
Signup and view all the answers
What are classic lesions associated with allergic pododermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes the impact of an intradermal allergy skin test result?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common clinical finding in dogs suffering from food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an important consideration when diagnosing food hypersensitivity in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of dermatitis is typically associated with food allergies in canines?
Signup and view all the answers
What mechanism might contribute to the alopecic and hyperpigmented skin lesions seen in allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What visual characteristic distinguishes the dermatitis associated with food hypersensitivity from other types of dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area of the dog is likely to exhibit alopecia and erythema due to food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which dog behavior may be indicative of food hypersensitivity due to underlying skin conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following dermatological symptoms can arise as a secondary condition due to food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which clinical symptom is likely to be seen in the axillary area of dogs suffering from food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main advantage of using combination anesthesia in veterinary practice?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical component of dermatology examinations for diagnosing skin disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach should be adopted to effectively manage allergic skin disease in pets?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended frequency for bathing a pet to manage allergic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What must be addressed in treatment to reduce the recurrence of allergic infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done when a history suggests a resistant bacterial infection in a pet?
Signup and view all the answers
In managing pruritus due to allergic conditions, what is often the primary concern for pet owners?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of chronic use of antibiotics in the management of allergic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended dosage frequency for administering Temaril-P (trimeprazine and prednisolone combination)?
Signup and view all the answers
In diagnosing flea allergy dermatitis, what should be suspected in any dog with lumbar dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
When treating a pruritic patient, what is the recommended method to taper the dosage of steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one efficient method to determine the role of flea allergy in a pruritic patient?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of dermatitis is characterized by expanding papular rash and severe erythema, commonly associated with flea allergy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area is typically affected by flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What oral medication is suggested for controlling pruritus in dogs based on the information given?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common lesion characteristic associated with flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended method for administering the allergen solution in sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) to canines?
Signup and view all the answers
What household treatment is suggested to eliminate house dust mites in sensitive dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the clinical presentation of food hypersensitivity in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of performing a provocative challenge in diagnosing food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
How often should high-efficiency dehumidifiers be maintained to keep humidity levels below 40% in homes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical dosage of Cyclosporine (Atopica) for controlling pruritus in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment strategy is essential for managing pruritus in allergic dogs while preventing secondary infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the advised protocol after administering SLIT in terms of food and water for dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with recurrent food hypersensitivity in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does dehumidifying the home have on potential allergens?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does symptomatic therapy play in the management of food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatments is most likely to be prescribed for a dog with secondary pyoderma associated with food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary reason for discarding old dog beds in homes with dust-mite-sensitive dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is specifically noted to significantly help pruritus in atopic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which location is most commonly affected by alopecia due to food hypersensitivity in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended bathing frequency for dogs with allergies to help prevent secondary infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes feline food hypersensitivity in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a typical skin lesion associated with feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
When is it appropriate to consider glucocorticoid therapy for feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical action to take concerning offending dietary allergens in cats with food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What adverse effects are commonly associated with the use of systemic glucocorticoids in treating feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What duration is typically necessary for resolving pruritus with prednisolone therapy for feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concurrent condition may be observed alongside feline food hypersensitivity symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the most common dermatological conditions that might be considered as a differential for feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary rationale behind using multiple drugs at reduced dosages for anesthesia?
Signup and view all the answers
In managing allergic skin disease, what is a critical component of the treatment regimen?
Signup and view all the answers
What action should be taken when there's suspicion of a resistant bacterial infection in skin treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to treat the primary underlying allergic cause rather than just the secondary infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended frequency for bathing pets to help manage itch and prevent infections?
Signup and view all the answers
Which strategy is suggested to alleviate allergic otitis from progressing to infectious otitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended treatment option for managing psychogenic dermatoses in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of excessive focus on treating the symptom of itch rather than underlying causes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is often ruled out when diagnosing lesions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does cytology play in dermatology examinations for skin disease assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential complication following surgical excision of skin lesions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common finding in the dermatohistopathology of lesions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common dermatological feature associated with food allergies in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which therapeutic approach is utilized for long-term management of lesions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
How long may oral essential fatty acid supplements need to be administered before significant improvement is observed?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of allergic dermatitis, what is the recommended dosage for Dextromethorphan in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be corrected as part of the treatment process for lesions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of therapy is suggested for dogs experiencing symptoms from hypersensitivities?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical duration of trial treatment periods to identify effective drugs for lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which mechanical barrier is suggested to assist in the treatment of lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
What does dermatohistopathology typically indicate in cases of food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which testing method is generally discouraged for diagnosing food allergies in dogs due to its unreliability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average percentage of dogs that show improvement in pruritus with essential fatty acid supplementation?
Signup and view all the answers
What primary condition is linked to storage mite antigens in dogs with allergy testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant risk associated with long-term use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in treating allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are potent, long-acting injectable steroids not advised for allergy treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended dosage regimen for injectable short-acting steroids in allergy management?
Signup and view all the answers
What impact do fleas have on dogs in relation to disease transmission?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of implementing an integrated flea management program?
Signup and view all the answers
Surveillance for liver disease and urinary tract infections is advised for which group of dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the prognosis for dogs suffering from allergies if strict flea control is maintained?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with systemic glucocorticoid therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which clinical manifestation is another name for eosinophilic plaques found in flea-allergic cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is typically noted on the skin of cats suffering from flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which test is used to confirm flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following abnormalities is common in cats with flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What typical sign is associated with the examination of flea dirt in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
In flea-allergic cats, the term 'alopecic' refers to what specific characteristic?
Signup and view all the answers
What misdiagnosis can arise due to the lack of apparent cutaneous inflammation in cats with flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a distinctive feature of dermatitis seen in flea-allergic dogs, specifically in the lumbar region?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for administering oral steroids to allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is specifically noted for having minimal adverse effects at the time of writing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with frequent or extended use of oral steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common adverse event reported with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant adverse effect related to high dosing of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the goals of allergy management in dogs is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adverse event is reported with the use of higher doses of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a primary component of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic's mechanism of action?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended time frame for adding a new food item to a hypoallergenic diet during the challenge phase for food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical observation for dogs treated with long-term steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common symptom of canine food hypersensitivity as illustrated in the distributions?
Signup and view all the answers
What secondary condition is often associated with the allergic disease in dogs as a result of food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
In managing food allergies, what is the potential result of a dietary lapse for an allergic dog?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area of the body is commonly affected by alopecia and erythema due to food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What steroid is mentioned as a short-acting option for providing relief in food-allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
How long do injectable short-acting steroids typically provide relief in food-allergic dogs without secondary infections?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the appearance of dermatitis associated with the underlying allergy in dogs with food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom in allergic dogs can indicate a secondary yeast dermatitis resulting from food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of dogs may require a home-cooked diet to remain symptom-free from food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the presence of otitis in a dog with food hypersensitivity typically suggest?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do injectable steroids provide compared to oral treatments for food-allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the management strategy for dogs with food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term best describes the type of dermatitis frequently seen in dogs with food hypersensitivity, as characterized by its appearance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a symptom associated with canine food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is characterized by highly reactive intradermal allergy skin test results?
Signup and view all the answers
What age group is most commonly associated with canine food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following does NOT typically occur as a result of allergic pododermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is characteristic of allergic otitis in canines?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a notable recommendation during the hypoallergenic diet trial for diagnosing food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which lesion is typically seen in dogs suffering from allergic pododermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food item should NOT be included during the hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs suspected of food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Intradermal allergy skin tests are primarily used to evaluate what type of reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum frequency that Fexofenadine can be dosed in cats for flea control management?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about long-acting injectable steroids in cats is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of atopic cats typically show favorable responses to immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
How long can clinical improvement from immunotherapy take to manifest in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant concern regarding the risk of toxoplasmosis in cats undergoing certain therapies?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of feline dermatitis, which immunologic cause challenging to treat has been noted?
Signup and view all the answers
What duration of lifelong management is typically expected for most cats suffering from allergic conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is indicated if other medical therapies for feline dermatitis are ineffective?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical factor in successfully reducing the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) infections in families?
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach is recommended to enhance a pet owner's understanding of an allergic condition?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be considered when monitoring a patient from a family with a history of MRS?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary benefit of using oral essential fatty acid supplements in dogs with pruritus?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to avoid a stream-of-consciousness discussion about allergies with pet owners?
Signup and view all the answers
In families at risk for MRS contagion, what is the recommendation for dealing with immunosuppressed members?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment option is contraindicated for managing allergies due to its prolonged effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is emphasized as important when developing treatment protocols for allergic patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which combination therapy is suggested to potentially enhance the efficacy of antihistamines for allergy management?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common adverse effect seen with long-term antihistamine use in dogs treated for allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be a significant outcome if an owner does not have a clear understanding of their pet's allergic condition?
Signup and view all the answers
What behavioral change is likely needed from pet owners to improve the management of their allergic pets?
Signup and view all the answers
How long may it take to see beneficial effects from oral essential fatty acid supplements?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following behaviors in dogs may be managed with the use of dextromethorphan?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended dosage of Clomipramine for treating certain conditions in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant risk associated with systemic antihistamine therapy in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for instructing clients not to spray allergen solution directly into the back of the patient's mouth?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it recommended to discard old dog beds in the home environment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an effective method for managing house dust mite populations in a pet's living environment?
Signup and view all the answers
What humidity level is suggested to decrease house dust mite, mold, and flea antigen loads effectively?
Signup and view all the answers
How often should the acaricide benzyl benzoate be applied to effectively eliminate house dust mites from the environment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary benefit of using injectable short-acting steroids over oral treatments in dogs with food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the starting dosage frequency for Cyclosporine (Atopica) in treating atopic dogs experiencing pruritus?
Signup and view all the answers
When managing a food-allergic dog, how often should new food items be added to the hypoallergenic diet during the challenge phase?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor may contribute to the effectiveness of tailoring SLIT therapy in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended wait time after administering SLIT before allowing the pet to eat or drink?
Signup and view all the answers
How should a clinician respond if clinical symptoms reoccur after adding a new food item to an allergic dog's hypoallergenic diet?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of dogs may require a home-cooked diet to remain symptom-free from food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major concern regarding long-term treatment with steroids in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach should be taken to effectively manage food-allergic patients who have inconsistent dietary compliance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common consequence for food-allergic dogs who are not adequately restricted from their allergens?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be expected if a dog continues to have dietary lapses while managing food allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main advantage of using Tamril-P for treating dermatological issues in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
How should doses of prednisone be administered to a patient?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom observed in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is recommended to determine the role of flea allergy in pruritic patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are the majority of lesions found in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following steroids is mentioned as a treatment option for pruritic patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a typical lesion associated with severe flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it crucial to monitor a patient's steroid use when administering them?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common time frame for the onset of symptoms in dogs with canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of seasonal canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which secondary condition is frequently associated with canine atopy due to self-trauma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method of allergy testing can yield highly variable results?
Signup and view all the answers
In which areas are signs of pruritus commonly observed in dogs with canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What common diagnostic sign in atopic dogs may indicate year-round allergen exposure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions can be differentiated from canine atopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is marked by secondary skin lesions due to self-trauma from pruritus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary action of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic in affected dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which approach is suggested for providing dietary support in treating allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of lesions may be associated with feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant risk associated with the long-term use of systemic glucocorticoids in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
For young allergic dogs, which supplementary treatment may help manage allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What strategy is recommended to help reduce exposure to allergens during peak allergen times?
Signup and view all the answers
Which therapy is suggested for controlling nonseasonal pruritus in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of dietary management is recommended for cats experiencing food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What potential consequence of long-term use of steroids in treating allergic dogs should pet owners be aware of?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT a differential diagnosis for feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatments is effective at preventing parasitic pruritic flares in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended frequency for administering essential fatty acids for managing skin inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
What duration is typically recommended for the initial treatment of pruritus using prednisolone in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom might concurrent gastrointestinal issues present alongside feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these components can help improve the skin barrier in allergic dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic distribution of pruritus in feline food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the initial manifestation of acral lick dermatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which breed is noted for having a higher incidence of acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recommended duration for antibiotic therapy in cases of acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is suggested to help minimize licking in dogs with acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
In cases where no underlying cause for acral lick dermatitis can be found, what treatment might be given?
Signup and view all the answers
What potential outcome is common in chronic cases of acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What psychological factors are typically considered to contribute to acral lick dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical appearance of an affected area in acral lick dermatitis over time?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one potential risk associated with the long-term use of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following diets is most recommended for managing food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a contraindication for the use of long-acting injectable steroids in dogs with allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adverse event associated with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key reason for ruling out owner noncompliance in dogs with poorly controlled allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average duration of symptom improvement when initiating a strict elimination diet for food hypersensitivity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatments has variable effectiveness in managing pruritus due to food allergy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a common secondary infection mentioned in the context of food hypersensitivity in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Canine Hypersensitivity Disorders
-
Canine Atopy (Atopic Dermatitis, Environmental, Pollen Allergies)
- One of the most common skin disorders in dogs
- May lead to secondary skin and ear infections
- Causes chronic skin and ear changes
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
-
Clinical Signs
- Severe periocular dermatitis
- Alopecia, erythema, and hyperpigmentation around the eyes
- Alopecia and erythema in the axillary area
- Pododermatitis
- Secondary Malassezia dermatitis
- Otitis
Acral Lick Dermatitis (Lick Granuloma)
-
Clinical Signs
- Bilaterally symmetrical lesions
- Most often found on the dorsal aspect of the carpus, metacarpus, tarsus, or metatarsus
- Alopecia
- Erythema
- Hyperpigmentation
- Lichenification
- Secondary pyoderma
- Peripheral lymphadenomegaly
Flea Allergy Dermatitis (Flea Bite Hypersensitivity)
-
Clinical Signs
- Pruritic
- Lesions are located in the tail head, hindquarters, and ventral abdomen
- Erythema, alopecia, papules, and excoriations
- May develop secondary skin infections
Feline Eosinophilic Plaque
-
Clinical Signs
-
Plaque Form:
- Thick, raised, and ulcerated
- Located on the ventral abdomen, inner thighs, and flanks
-
Linear Form:
- A raised, linear plaque that bleeds easily and is frequently located on the head and neck
-
Plaque Form:
Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma (Linear Granuloma)
-
Clinical Signs
- Raised, linear plaque that bleeds easily
- Frequently located on the head and neck
Indolent Ulcer (Rodent Ulcer, Eosinophilic Ulcer)
-
Clinical Signs
- Chronically ulcerated
- Found most commonly on the upper lip and chin
Feline Plasma Cell Pododermatitis
-
Clinical Signs
- Alopecia
- Erythema
- Hyperpigmentation
- Pain around the paws
- Causes lameness and reluctance to walk
Feline Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatosis
-
Clinical Signs
- Found on the chin, lips, and eyelids
- May be associated with other systemic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease
Urticaria and Angioedema (Hives)
-
Clinical Signs
- Raised, edematous plaques with a red or white color (Urticaria)
- Localized edema (Angioedema)
- Usually accompanied by pruritus
Canine Eosinophilic Furunculosis of the Face
-
Clinical Signs
- Alopecia
- Erythema
- Hyperpigmentation
- Furunculosis (boils)
Contact Dermatitis (Allergic Contact Dermatitis)
-
Clinical Signs
- Erythema
- Papules
- Vesicles
- Crusted plaques
- Alopecia
Treating Allergic Dogs
-
Treatment Goals
- Reduce itching by 80% to 90% of the time
- Reduce the frequency of skin and ear infections
- Minimize the use of antibiotics
- Limit adverse events associated with allergy treatments
Alternative Medical Treatments
-
For Allergic Dogs
- Cold laser therapy
- Acupuncture
Mechanical Barriers
-
For Allergic Dogs
- Wire muzzles
- Bandaging
- Elizabethan collars
- Side braces
Drugs for Psychogenic Dermatoses
-
Anxiolytics
- Phenobarbital
-
Steroids
- Prednisolone
- Dexamethasone
Allergy Treatment (Immune Modulation)
-
For Allergic Dogs
- Remove allergens from the environment when possible
- Use HEPA air filters and charcoal filters to reduce pollens, molds, and dust
- Treat household carpets, mattresses, and upholstery with benzyl benzoate for house dust mite allergies
Canine Atopy
- Atopic dermatitis in dogs is an allergic skin disease caused by environmental allergens
- Usually develops between 1 and 3 years of age
- 6-10% of dogs are affected
- The most common allergens are pollens, dust mites, and molds
- Clinical signs include itching, redness, hair loss, and skin infections
- Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and intradermal allergy testing
- Treatment involves controlling environmental allergens, flea control, and medications such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, and cyclosporine
- The prognosis is good but lifelong therapy is needed for control
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- An adverse reaction to a food or food additive
- Can occur at any age
- Approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age
- Clinical signs include itching, redness, hair loss, gastrointestinal upset, and ear infections
- Diagnosis typically involves an elimination diet trial
- Treatment involves avoiding the offending food
- The prognosis is good, but lifelong diet restrictions are needed to prevent recurrence
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- An IgE-mediated allergic reaction to flea saliva
- Common in dogs, rarely seen in cats
- Clinical signs include intense itching, hair loss, and skin infections
- Can occur as a result of a single flea bite and progress to severe dermatitis with pruritic lesions
- Lesions are primarily seen on the lumbar region, tail head, and ventral abdomen
- Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and flea control trials with nitenpyram
- Treatment involves aggressive flea control with insecticides including nitenpyram
- The prognosis is good, but lifelong flea control is needed to prevent recurrence
Atopic Dermatitis
- Atopic dermatitis is a common, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease in dogs.
- It is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to allergens in the environment, and dogs with a family history are predisposed.
- The disease is common in young to middle-aged dogs, but is not seen in puppies.
- The disease is usually seasonal, but may be year-round, depending on the allergens.
- Clinical signs include pruritus, erythema, alopecia, and scaling, particularly on the face, feet, and ventral abdomen, with a strong genetic component.
- Some dogs may develop secondary bacterial infections, otitis externa, or pyoderma.
- In the text, we learn that cyclosporine is often effective against atopy, however, there is a 25% relapse rate, indicating that the effects of the medicine are not permanent.
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and history.
- Treatment includes environmental allergens, flea management, and immunotherapy.
- There is a 60-75% response rate to immunotherapy.
- Glucocorticoids are often effective in controlling pruritus but can result in adverse effects, ranging from increased risks of infections to skin problems.
Treatment
- An integrated flea control program is essential.
- Glucocorticoids can also be used to control inflammation, but this option may result in adverse effects, such as an increase in risk for infection.
Prognosis
- The prognosis is good, although lifelong therapy is needed in most dogs, and relapses are common, so treatment adjustments may be needed.
Feline Atopy
- Feline atopy is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergens, and a genetic predisposition is suspected.
- It is uncommon in cats and is less common than flea hypersensitivity and food allergy.
- The primary symptom is pruritus (chewing, scratching, excessive grooming), which may be seasonal or nonseasonal, depending on the offending allergens.
- This pruritus may concentrate around the head, neck, and ears, or it may involve other areas such as the ventral abdomen, caudal thighs, forelegs, or lateral thorax.
- Clinical signs include pruritus, alopecia, scaling, and secondary infections.
- Treatment usually involves a combination of therapies, such as avoidance of allergens, antihistamines, essential fatty acids, and immunotherapy.
Treatment
- Treatment for feline atopy includes eliminating the allergens in the environment, if possible, and using immunotherapy to suppress the immune response.
- Glucocorticoids can also be used to control inflammation, but this option may result in adverse effects.
- Cyclosporine is well tolerated in cats and has few adverse effects, but will not control infections caused by flea allergies, dermatophytosis, or mites.
- Long-acting injectable steroids may be problematic and should be used only as a last resort because of possible life-threatening cardiac effects.
- The prognosis is good for most cats, but successful management usually requires lifelong therapy.
Prognosis
- The prognosis is good for most cats, but successful management usually requires lifelong therapy.
Canine Atopy
- Atopic Dermatitis, Environmental, Pollen Allergies.
- Hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled or cutaneously absorbed environmental antigens (allergens)
- Common in dogs, onset from 6 months to 6 years
- Symptoms include skin erythema and pruritus (licking, chewing, scratching, rubbing)
- Pruritus can be seasonal or nonseasonal
- Pruritus usually involves feet, flanks, groin, axillae, face, and ears
- Self-trauma results in secondary skin lesions: alopecia, excoriations, scales, crusts, hyperpigmentation, lichenification
Diagnosing Canine Atopy
- Seasonal foot licking is the most unique and typical symptom
- Allergy testing (intradermal, serologic) can be highly variable
- Positive reactions to grass, weed, tree, mold, insect, dander, or indoor environmental allergens
- Intradermal allergy skin tests demonstrate more subtle positive and negative reactions to injected allergens
Top Differentials
- Food allergy, scabies, Malassezia dermatitis, bacterial pyoderma, other hypersensitivities (flea bite, contact)
- Parasites (cheyletiellosis, pediculosis)
- Folliculitis (dermatophyte, Demodex)
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Adverse reaction to a food or food additive
- Can occur at any age
- Approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age
- Patients present with pruritic miliary dermatitis with secondary excoriations, crusting, and alopecia
- Other symptoms include symmetrical alopecia and eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions
Diagnosing Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Lumbar dermatitis is the most unique and consistent feature
- Response to hypoallergenic diet trial: symptoms resolve
Top Differentials
- Atopy, other ectoparasites (scabies, cheyletiellosis, pediculosis, demodicosis)
- Superficial pyoderma, dermatophytosis, demodicosis, Malassezia dermatitis
Feline Atopy
- Similar symptoms to canine atopy
Diagnosing Feline Atopy
- Similar to canine atopy
- Chronic acral lick dermatitis
Top Differentials
- Flea allergy, food allergy, and mite infestations
Managing Canine Atopy
- Referral to a veterinary dermatologist for verification of the diagnosis and advanced medical management
Managing Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Hypoallergenic diet trial
- Avoid food ingredients previously administered in dog food, treats, or table scraps
- Avoid flavored heart-worm preventive, flavored medications, nutritional supplements, or chewable treats
Managing Feline Atopy
- Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine)
- Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos and anti-itch conditioners
- Systemic antihistamine therapy
- Oclacitinib (Apoquel) for short-term use
Feline Atopy Prognosis
- Good for most cats
- Lifelong therapy is usually required.
Canine Atopy
- Canine atopy is a form of allergic skin disease in dogs.
- It is caused by an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to environmental allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, and mold.
- Symptoms can include itching, hair loss, skin redness, and skin infections.
- Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and intradermal allergy testing.
- Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and minimizing exposure to allergens.
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Canine food hypersensitivity is an adverse reaction to a food or food additive.
- It can occur at any age, even in dogs that have been eating the same food for years.
- It is common in dogs and approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age.
- Symptoms often mimic atopy, including hair loss, skin redness, and itching.
- Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and a hypoallergenic diet trial.
- Treatment involves eliminating the offending ingredient from the diet and providing a hypoallergenic alternative.
Acral Lick Dermatitis (Lick Granuloma)
- Acral lick dermatitis is a condition characterized by excessive licking of a specific area on a limb, leading to skin damage and inflammation.
- It is common in dogs, especially middle-aged to older large-breed dogs.
- The underlying cause is often multifactorial, including environmental stress, boredom, and underlying skin conditions.
- Symptoms can begin with small areas of dermatitis that gradually enlarge due to persistent licking.
- Treatment typically involves addressing underlying conditions, managing stress, and using medications to reduce licking and promote healing.
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Flea allergy dermatitis is a common skin condition in dogs, caused by an allergic reaction to flea saliva.
- It is characterized by intense itching, hair loss, and skin irritation, often concentrated on the back, tail, and hindquarters.
- Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, and response to flea control measures.
- Management requires strict flea control, both on the dog and in the environment.
- Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and controlling the infestation.
- Effective treatment options include topical and systemic anti-inflammatory medications, along with antihistamines and immunotherapies.
Distribution Pattern of Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Flea allergy dermatitis lesions commonly appear caudal to the rib cage, often affecting the lumbar and caudal flank area.
- Severe cases can lead to "hot spots," characterized by moist, erosive dermatitis and expanding papular rashes.
- Effective flea control measures are crucial for preventing and managing flea allergy dermatitis.
Hypersensitivity Disorders
- Indiscriminate use of steroids or fluoroquinolone antibiotics can increase the risk of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) pyoderma
- The failure to identify, diagnose, successfully treat, and then prevent secondary bacterial and yeast infections is a significant factor needing improvement in treating allergic skin diseases
- Resistant infections are quickly becoming a major contagious-zoonotic concern
Canine Atopy
- The most common and unique feature of food allergy is perianal dermatitis with or without recurrent otitis
- Food allergy can manifest in many patterns
- Dermatohistopathology is not diagnostic for food allergy
- Food allergy testing is not recommended as results are unreliable
- Atopic dermatitis has a strong genetic component
- Breeding dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis should be discouraged
- For long-term control of canine atopy, approximately 25% of dogs require daily dosing, 50% can be controlled with every-other-day dosing, and approximately 25% can be controlled with twice-weekly dosing.
- Glucocorticoids can be used initially to speed response.
- Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine) shows good to excellent response in 60% to 75% of atopic dogs.
- Clinical improvement is usually noted within 4 to 6 weeks of immunotherapy.
- Oral essential fatty acid supplements (180 mg EPA/40 mg/kg) help control pruritus in 20% to 50% of cases.
- Dextromethorphan, an opioid antagonist can manage licking, chewing, and biting behaviors associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs.
- Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos and anti-itch conditioners and sprays may help reduce clinical symptoms.
- Systemic antihistamine therapy reduces clinical symptoms in many cases.
Acral Lick Dermatitis
- The prognosis for Acral Lick Dermatitis is variable.
- Chronic lesions that are unresponsive or extensively fibrotic and those for which no underlying cause can be found have a poor prognosis for resolution.
- This disease is rarely life threatening, but its course may be intractable.
- CO2 laser resurfacing may be beneficial for refractory, proliferative, or multidrug resistant infections.
- Laser ablation may help sterilize the lesion and deaden nerve endings, but response is highly variable.
Human And Animal Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) Infections
- Dogs can contract MRS from humans and vice versa.
- Monitor for MRS infections aggressively if family members have a history of MRS or are immunosuppressed.
- Focus on the most aggressive diagnostic workup and treatments to protect the entire family from contagion and zoonosis.
Canine Atopic Dermatitis
- 60% to 75% of atopic dogs respond to immunotherapy (allergy vaccine) with good to excellent results.
- Clinical improvement with immunotherapy is usually noted within 2 weeks.
- Approximately 25% require daily dosing for control, 50% can be controlled with every other day dosing, and 25% are controlled with twice-weekly dosing.
- The prognosis is good, however, lifelong therapy is necessary for control.
- Relapses (pruritic flare-ups) are common and individualized treatment adjustments may be required.
- Secondary infections (bacterial, Malassezia, sarcoptic mange, demodicosis), food, flea bite, and recently acquired hypersensitivity to additional environmental allergens should be ruled out in dogs that become poorly controlled.
- Breeding of dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis is discouraged.
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Symptoms improve within 10 to 12 weeks after initiation of a strict home-cooked or commercially prepared restricted diet.
- Anecdotal reports show that higher doses (10 mg/kg) of cyclosporine (Atopica) may be beneficial in reducing the allergic immune response and symptoms of food allergy.
- The prognosis is good.
- If poorly controlled, rule out owner noncompliance, development of hypersensitivity to an ingredient in the hypoallergenic diet, secondary infection (caused by bacteria, Malassezia, dermatophyte), scabies, demodicosis, atopy, flea allergy dermatitis, and contact hypersensitivity
- Systemic glucocorticoid therapy may be variably effective but often results in adverse effects including increased risk of MRS infections and immune dysfunction.
Canine Acral Lick Dermatitis
- The prognosis is variable, chronic unresponsive or extensively fibrotic lesions and those for which no underlying cause can be found have a poor prognosis.
- The disease is rarely life threatening, however, its course can be intractable.
- Laser ablation may help sterilize the lesion and deaden nerve endings, but response is highly variable.
- CO2 laser resurfacing may be beneficial for refractory, proliferative, or multidrug-resistant infections.
Canine Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Flea allergy is one of the most common causes of pruritis (itchiness) in dogs.
- Flea allergy dermatitis can occur as a result of exposure to a single flea bite.
- Affected dogs may have localized or generalized pruritus, alopecia (hair loss), and skin lesions.
- Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical signs, flea control, and intradermal allergy testing.
- Treatment includes flea control, environmental management, and corticosteroids.
- The prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment.
Canine Atopy
- A hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled or absorbed environmental allergens in genetically predisposed dogs.
- Common in dogs, with onset from 6 months to 6 years, most commonly between 1 and 3 years of age.
- Symptoms include skin erythema, pruritus (licking, chewing, scratching) that may be seasonal or nonseasonal.
- Pruritus typically affects the feet, flanks, groin, axillae, face, and ears.
- Self-trauma can cause secondary lesions like alopecia, excoriations, hyperpigmentation, and lichenification.
- Secondary pyoderma, Malassezia dermatitis, and otitis externa are common.
Diagnosis of Canine Atopy
- Seasonal foot licking is a unique and typical symptom.
- Year-round allergens (house dust mites) can cause nonseasonal foot licking.
- Allergy testing (intradermal, serologic) can be variable and may identify sensitivities to grass, weed, tree, mold, insect, dander, or indoor allergens.
Treatment of Canine Atopy
- Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos, anti-itch conditioners, and sprays can help.
- Systemic antihistamine therapy may be used alone or with glucocorticoids or essential fatty acids.
- Oral essential fatty acid supplements (180 mg EPA/ 40 mg/kg) can help control pruritus.
- Dextromethorphan may be used to manage licking, chewing, and biting behaviors associated with allergic dermatitis.
- Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine) can provide good to excellent results in 60% to 75% of atopic dogs.
Prognosis of Canine Atopy
- Good, but lifelong therapy is often needed.
- Relapses are common, requiring individualized treatment adjustments.
- Poorly controlled cases may indicate secondary infections, sarcoptic mange, demodicosis, or concurrent food, flea bite, or other hypersensitivities.
- Breeding dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis is discouraged due to a strong genetic component.
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- An adverse reaction to a food or food additive.
- Can occur at any age, from recently weaned puppies to elderly dogs.
- Approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age.
- Commercial hypoallergenic diets may be ineffective due to sensitivity to preservatives or dyes.
Diagnosis of Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- A hypoallergenic diet trial is recommended for diagnosis.
- The diet should exclude ingredients previously ingested, including flavored medications, supplements, and treats.
- Common food allergens include beef and dairy.
Treatment of Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Elimination diets are often the most effective treatment.
- Management involves identifying and avoiding the offending food.
- Antihistamines can be administered in cases of severe reactions.
- Identifying the offending food involves a careful history and a systematic elimination diet trial.
Combination Anesthesia
- Using multiple drugs at reduced doses with different mechanisms of action to achieve desired anesthesia and analgesia
- This approach reduces the risk of adverse events compared to using a single drug at a higher dose.
Allergic Skin Disease Treatment
- Use multiple therapies targeting different aspects of the pathophysiology.
- Therapy should be tolerable for the patient and manageable for the owner
Strategies for Stopping the Itch
- Bathe pets every 3-7 days with disinfecting and antiseptic shampoo to remove pollens and kill bacteria/yeast.
- Use ear cleaner or medicine after every bath to prevent allergic otitis progressing to infection.
- Wipe off feet, chin, and face folds with wipes often to remove pollens, bacteria, and yeast.
- Use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to reduce pollens, molds, and dust.
- Treat house dust mite-sensitive dogs with benzyl benzoate for carpets, mattresses, and upholstery once a month, effectively eliminating house dust mites.
- Discard old dog beds as they accumulate allergens.
- Dehumidify the house below 40% to decrease house dust mite, mold, and flea antigens.
Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)
- Instruct clients not to squirt or spray the allergen solution directly into the patient’s mouth but rather along the inner cheek.
- If swallowed, SLIT will be ineffective so pets should be prevented from eating or drinking for 20 minutes after administration.
- Tailor therapy to patient temperament and client lifestyle for better compliance and success.
Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic (Zoetis)
- It is an injectable caninized monoclonal antibody that blocks the pruritogenic effects of IL-31.
- Monthly injection is highly effective at reducing pruritic atopic symptoms with minimal adverse effects.
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Characterized by nonseasonal pruritus that may or may not respond to steroid therapy.
- Pruritus may be regional or generalized, involving ears, feet, inguinal/axillary areas, face, neck, and perineum.
- Affected skin is often erythematous with a papular rash, and self-trauma induced lesions can include alopecia, excoriations, scales, crusts, hyperpigmentation, and lichenification.
- Secondary superficial pyoderma, Malassezia dermatitis, and otitis externa are common.
Common Food Allergens in Dogs
- Beef, dairy, chicken, eggs, soy, corn, and wheat.
Provocative Challenge
- Recurrence of symptoms within hours to days of reintroduction of suspect allergen into the diet.
Treatment and Prognosis for Food Allergies
- Infection prevention: Treat any secondary pyoderma, otitis externa, and Malassezia dermatitis with appropriate therapies.
- Symptomatic therapy (itch control):
- Flea control program should be instituted to prevent flea bites from aggravating the pruritus.
Temaril-P (Trimeprazine and Prednisolone Combination)
- Provides significant antipruritic effects at a relatively lower dose of prednisolone.
- One tablet per 10 to 20 kg should be administered every 24 to 48 hours.
- Dosage should be tapered to the lowest possible dose and frequency.
Prednisone
- 0.25 to 1 mg/kg (or methylprednisolone 0.2–0.8 mg/kg) PO should be administered every 24 hours.
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Any dog with lumbar dermatitis or any cat with skin disease should be suspected of having flea allergy dermatitis, even with seemingly good flea control.
- A nitenpyram trial (every other day for 1 month) can be used to assess the role of flea allergy in pruritic patients.
Feline Food Hypersensitivity
- Adverse reaction to food or food additive, occurring at any age.
- It is less common than flea hypersensitivity in cats, but may be more common than feline atopy.
- Characterized by nonseasonal pruritus that may or may not respond to glucocorticoid therapy.
- Pruritus distribution may be localized to the head and neck, or generalized involving the trunk, ventrum, and limbs.
- Skin lesions can include alopecia, erythema, miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions, excoriations, crusts, and scales.
- Malassezia or ceruminous otitis externa may be seen.
Top Differentials for Feline Food Hypersensitivity
- Flea allergy dermatitis, atopy, mosquito bite hypersensitivity, dermatophytosis, ectoparasites (cheyletiellosis, ear mites, feline scabies, demodicosis), psychogenic alopecia and pemphigus, and cutaneous lymphoma.
Treatment and Prognosis for Feline Food Hypersensitivity
- Avoid offending dietary allergen(s)
- Provide a balanced home-cooked diet or a commercially prepared hypoallergenic diet.
Combination Therapy for Allergies
- Using multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action at lower dosages to achieve desired anesthesia and analgesia.
- This approach reduces the risk of adverse events compared to using a single high dose to achieve the same effect.
- Similar logic applies to treatment of allergic skin disease, using multiple therapies to address different aspects of the condition.
- A regimen of therapy that the patient can tolerate and the owner can administer is essential for optimal results.
Treating Itch in Pets
- Bathing every 3 to 7 days with disinfecting and antiseptic shampoo to kill bacteria and yeast.
- Applying ear cleaner or medicine after each bath to prevent allergic otitis from becoming infectious otitis.
- Wiping off feet, chin, and face folds with wipes frequently, especially before bedtime, to remove pollen, bacteria, and yeast.
- Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos, anti-itch conditioners, and sprays can help reduce clinical symptoms.
Systemic Treatments for Allergies
- Systemic antihistamine therapy can reduce clinical symptoms in many cases.
- Oral essential fatty acid supplements can help control pruritus in 20% to 50% of cases, but may take 8 to 12 weeks to show benefit.
- Dextromethorphan, an opioid antagonist, can be helpful in managing licking, chewing, and biting behaviors associated with allergic dermatitis.
- Behavior-modifying drugs can be beneficial, and trial periods of up to 5 weeks may be needed to identify the most effective drug.
- Alternative medical treatments like cold laser therapy or acupuncture may be beneficial in some patients.
- Mechanical barriers like wire muzzles, Elizabethan collars, and side braces can also be helpful.
Treating Food Allergies
- The most common and unique feature of food allergies is perianal dermatitis with or without recurrent otitis.
- Food allergies can manifest in various patterns and should be suspected in atypical pruritic patients, even those with recurrent infections without pruritus.
Diagnosing Food Allergies
- Dermatohistopathology can reveal varying degrees of superficial perivascular dermatitis.
- Food allergy testing (intradermal or serologic) is not recommended as test results are unreliable.
Key Differentials in Food Allergy Diagnosis
- Demodicosis
- Dermatophyte kerion
- Fungal or bacterial granuloma
- Neoplasia
Treating Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- An integrated flea management program is essential due to the progressive tolerance of fleas to available adulticides.
- This program should include insect growth regulators, adulticides, and environmental treatments.
Systemic Treatment Options for Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Systemic glucocorticoid therapy, although often effective in controlling pruritus, leads to adverse effects, including increased risk of MRSP infection, PU/PD, and severe immune dysfunction.
- Long-acting injectable steroids are contraindicated due to their prolonged metabolic and immunodepressive effects.
- Injectable short-acting steroids provide relief for 2-3 weeks if no concurrent secondary infection occurs.
Prognosis for Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Good prognosis if strict flea control is practiced.
- Fleas can infest other animals and humans.
- Fleas can carry bloodborne diseases similar to ticks.
### Oral Steroids
- Administer at the lowest possible dose and frequency to control pruritus
- Frequent or extended use can lead to various adverse effects, including MRS infection, iatrogenic Cushing’s disease, demodicosis, calcinosis cutis, diabetes, UTIs, ruptured cruciate ligaments
- Best suited for stopping acute pruritic flares
Cyclosporine (Atopica)
- Effective and safe treatment for allergic patients
- Documented disease remission rate for allergic patients over long term
- Reported adverse events include vomiting, soft stool, anorexia, nodules or cysts, urinary tract infection, gingival hyperplasia, lethargy, reproductive issues, papillomatosis, lymphadenopathy, neurologic issues, urticaria/angioedema
- Administer at the lowest possible dose and frequency
- Higher dosing and frequent administration increase the risk of adverse events, including tumors, pyoderma, otitis, vomiting, diarrhea, cystitis, anorexia, lethargy, yeast skin infections, pododermatitis
Oclacitinib (Apoquel)
- Best suited for stopping acute pruritic flares
- Administer at the lowest possible dose and frequency
- Higher dosing and frequent administration increase the risk of adverse events, including tumors, pyoderma, otitis, vomiting, diarrhea, cystitis, anorexia, lethargy, yeast skin infections, pododermatitis
### Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic (Zoetis)
- Injectable canine monoclonal antibody that blocks the pruritic effects of IL-31
- Highly effective at reducing pruritic atopic symptoms with minimal adverse effects
- Monthly injection
Overall Goals of Allergy Management
- Reduce 80% to 90% of itch about 80% to 90% of the time
- Reduce the frequency of skin and ear infections
- Limit the use of repeated courses of antimicrobials
- Limit adverse events associated with allergy management treatments and strategies
Intradermal Allergy Skin Test
- Demonstrating the bee sting–like positive reactions
- Demonstrates more subtle positive and negative reactions to the injected allergens
- Used for diagnosing canine atopy
Canine Food Hypersensitivity
- Adverse reaction to a food or food additive
- Can occur at any age
- 30% of dogs diagnosed are younger than 1 year
- Common in dogs
Food Allergy Treatment
- Avoid offending dietary allergen(s)
- Provide balanced home-cooked diet or commercial hypoallergenic diet
- Identify offending substances during the challenge phase after food allergy has been confirmed with the dietary trial
- Add one new food item to the hypoallergenic diet every 2 to 4 weeks
- Recurrence of clinical symptoms within 7 to 10 days indicates allergenic item
- 20% of dogs require home-cooked diets to remain symptom-free
- Commercial hypoallergenic diets may be ineffective for these dogs
Injectable Short-Acting Steroids (Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate or Prednisolone Acetate)
- Effective at providing relief
- Last for 2 to 3 weeks if no concurrent secondary infection occurs
- Allow closer control and monitoring of steroid use compared to oral treatments
Long-Term Steroids
- Monitor patients frequently for liver disease and UTI
- Use should be stopped due to profound impact on the metabolic and immune systems and legal liability concerns
Feline Atopy
- Similar to canine atopy but has its own unique treatment considerations
Fexofenadine
- 30-60 mg/cat PO q 24 hours
- Taper down dosage frequency to every 48 to 72 hours
- Many cats can be maintained on every-72-hour dosing
Cyclosporine (Atopica)
- Well tolerated in cats
- Few adverse effects
- Effective at controlling most immunologic causes of feline dermatitis
- Exception: flea allergy, dermatophytosis, mites
Immunotherapy (Allergy Vaccine)
- Indicated if medical therapy is ineffective or unacceptable to the owner or if undesirable adverse effects occur
- 50% to 70% of atopic cats show favorable responses
Prognosis of Feline Atopy
- Good for most cats
- Lifelong therapy usually required for successful management
Optimizing Owner Understanding and Compliance
-
Veterinarians face challenges in treating allergic pets due to owner's lack of understanding and difficulty in adhering to treatment protocols.
-
To improve owner compliance and successful treatment outcomes:
- Encourage owners to complete patient history forms to focus on specific details and prepare them for diagnosis.
- Avoid generic allergy explanations to avoid confusion. Instead, tailor the conversation to the individual case.
- Utilize topicals such as shampoos, conditioners, and sprays containing oatmeal, pramoxine, antihistamines or glucocorticoids for 2-7 days as needed.
- Consider systemic antihistamine therapy, as it can be used alone or in combination with other medications.
- Supplement with essential fatty acids at 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) / 40 mg / kg for 8-12 weeks as needed.
- Oral dextromethorphan may help manage licking, chewing, and biting behaviours associated with allergic dermatitis.
Environmental Management
- Address allergens with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and charcoal filters within homes.
- Treat carpets, mattresses, and upholstery with benzyl benzoate for house dust mites.
- Dehumidify the house to below 40% relative humidity to reduce house dust mites, mold, and flea antigens.
Medical Management
- Cyclosporine (Atopica) can control pruritus in 75% of atopic dogs. Dosage is 5 mg/kg PO every 24 hours.
- Short-acting injectables steroids, such as dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.5–0.8 mg/kg) or prednisolone acetate (0.1–1 mg/kg), can provide 2-3 weeks of relief.
- Long-acting injectable steroids are contraindicated due to short anti-inflammatory benefits and prolonged side effects.
- Potential side effects of steroids, including Clomipramine, range from increased risk for MRS infections, mild (PU/PD) to severe (immune dysfunction, demodicosis, and calcinosis cutis).
- Temaril-P (trimeprazine and prednisolone combination) can provide significant antipruritic effects at a lower prednisolone dose.
Food Allergues
- Avoid offending allergens by providing a balanced home-cooked diet or a commercial hypoallergenic diet.
- Identify the offending allergens through a challenge phase by slowly adding new food items every 2-4 weeks.
- Monitor clinical symptoms within 7-10 days to identify allergens.
Food Allergy Treatment
- Many OTC diets are acceptable for managing pets with food allergies if restricted to non-beef and non-dairy products.
- Food allergy is a leading cause of unusual clinical symptom patterns in dogs with recurring infections.
- Poor owner compliance can lead to flare-ups and secondary infections.
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
- Any dog with lumbar dermatitis or skin disease should be suspected of having flea allergy dermatitis.
- Nitenpyram trials can be efficient and cost-effective for identifying flea allergies.
- Fleas are responsible for severe, pruritic dermatitis, especially around the lumbar region and caudal flank areas.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) Infections
- There is a risk of zoonotic transmission of MRS between dogs and humans and vice versa.
- Monitor patients (especially those with immunosupression) for signs of MRS infections as dogs can acquire it from humans.
- For families with a history of MRS, implement aggressive medical management.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on various canine hypersensitivity disorders, including atopy, food hypersensitivity, acral lick dermatitis, and flea allergy dermatitis. This quiz covers clinical signs, causes, and complications associated with these conditions in dogs.