Canine Hypersensitivity Disorders Quiz
560 Questions
4 Views

Canine Hypersensitivity Disorders Quiz

Created by
@LighterAmber

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by environmental allergies in canines?

  • Acral Lick Dermatitis
  • Canine Atopy (correct)
  • Flea Allergy Dermatitis
  • Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • What condition is commonly recognized as a reaction to flea bites in dogs?

  • Feline Atopy
  • Canine Eosinophilic Furunculosis
  • Indolent Ulcer
  • Flea Allergy Dermatitis (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT classified as a feline hypersensitivity disorder?

  • Feline Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatosis
  • Canine Food Hypersensitivity (correct)
  • Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma
  • Feline Plasma Cell Pododermatitis

    • What is a key strategy recommended for educating clients about allergic conditions in dogs?

    <p>Providing simplified charts and handouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In treating allergic dogs, how should patients be categorized for treatment options?

    <p>Based on the severity of their signs and previous treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dermatitis is specifically caused by contact with an allergen?

    <p>Contact Dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a secondary condition associated with allergies in dogs?

    <p>Acral Lick Dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of current strategies for managing allergic conditions in dogs?

    <p>Practical and economical management approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential long-term consequence of frequent oral steroid use?

    <p>Iatrogenic Cushing's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is documented to have a rate of disease remission for allergic patients over the long term?

    <p>Cyclosporine (Atopica)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an adverse event associated with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal percentage for reducing itch in atopic dogs using immunotherapy?

    <p>80% to 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which injectable treatment blocks the pruritic effects of IL-31?

    <p>Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic (Zoetis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as an adverse event associated with higher dosing of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?

    <p>Calcinosis cutis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one objective in managing allergies in atopic dogs?

    <p>Limit antimicrobial use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dogs may experience soft stool as an adverse event from Cyclosporine (Atopica)?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in dogs with severe food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Severe periocular dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the dermatitis commonly seen in allergic dogs that is associated with food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Superficial pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with canine food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying condition can lead to secondary Malassezia dermatitis in allergic dogs?

    <p>Food allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location on the dog is known for showing alopecia and erythema associated with food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Dorsal foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of otitis in an allergic dog typically indicate?

    <p>Primary allergic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with dermatitis in the axillary area caused by food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Mild hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet is often questioned regarding its effectiveness for dogs with food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Hypoallergenic diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for diagnosing lesions in dogs?

    <p>History, clinical findings, and ruling out differentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding treatment of lesions in dogs is correct?

    <p>Trial treatment periods may last up to 5 weeks while identifying effective drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common causes of complications after surgical excision of lesions?

    <p>Wound dehiscence and infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a differential diagnosis for lesions in dogs?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy has been noted to be beneficial for some patients dealing with lesions?

    <p>Cold laser therapy or acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug listed is an anxiolytic used for treating psychogenic dermatoses in dogs?

    <p>Phenobarbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of dermatohistopathology findings for lesions?

    <p>Ulcerative and hyperplastic epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be identified and corrected as part of the treatment process?

    <p>Underlying causes of the lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common secondary infection associated with chronic alopecia in cats?

    <p>Secondary pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is suggested for managing pruritus in cats?

    <p>Prednisolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental modification can help reduce allergies in cats?

    <p>Use of HEPA filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment regimen is advised for long-term maintenance therapy of pruritus?

    <p>Tapered corticosteroid dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition might chronic alopecia in cats be linked to?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a differential for alopecia in cats?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is suggested for reducing exposure to house dust mites in sensitive cats?

    <p>Using benzyl benzoate to treat upholstery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic appearance of alopecic skin in cats?

    <p>Normal appearance or excoriated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of eosinophils in dermatohistopathology related to dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>They are uncommon and suggest non-allergic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be administered for itch control in a dog weighing 20 kg?

    <p>Hydroxyzine 2 mg/kg PO q 8 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended frequency for bathing dogs to help wash off pollens and prevent secondary infections?

    <p>Every 3 to 7 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment strategy for inflammation in allergic dogs?

    <p>Administering high doses of corticosteroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During dermatohistopathology, which inflammatory cells are predominantly observed in cases of dermatitis?

    <p>Lymphocytes and histiocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the use of Cyproheptadine in the context of atopic dermatitis treatment?

    <p>It serves as an antihistamine to alleviate allergic responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of bathing atopic dogs every 3 to 7 days?

    <p>To eliminate potential allergens and prevent infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used for symptomatic therapy in allergic dogs?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic symptom of canine atopy as indicated in the given context?

    <p>Periocular alopecia and lichenification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lesion is characteristic of allergic pododermatitis in atopic dogs?

    <p>Erythema and alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can canine food hypersensitivity occur?

    <p>At any age, from weaned puppies to elderly dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following food items should not be included during a hypoallergenic diet trial?

    <p>Flavored heartworm preventive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical finding in response to intradermal allergy skin tests in atopic dogs?

    <p>Highly reactive test results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food types are commonly implicated in canine food allergies?

    <p>Beef and dairy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies the presence of allergic otitis in dogs?

    <p>Affected ear canal appears swollen and erythematous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should certain food items not be administered during a hypoallergenic diet trial?

    <p>They can potentially complicate allergy testing results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of atopic dogs may require lifelong therapy for allergic control?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment shows a good to excellent response rate in atopic dogs requiring additional medical therapy?

    <p>Immunotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common treatment adjustment needed for poorly controlled allergic dogs?

    <p>Ruling out secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term effect has not been statistically increased due to the immune effects of Cyclosporine?

    <p>Tumor risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently can approximately 50% of dogs achieve allergic control?

    <p>Every-other-day dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of atopic dogs are likely to show clinical improvement within a short time of beginning immunotherapy?

    <p>60% to 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition in dogs should breeding be discouraged due to a strong genetic component?

    <p>Atopic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for relapses in allergic dogs despite treatment?

    <p>Secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is highly suggestive of flea allergy in cats?

    <p>Positive serum immunoglobulin IgE antiflea antibody titer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of using aggressive flea control like nitenpyram?

    <p>Immediate resolution of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is recommended for symptomatic therapy in flea-allergic cats?

    <p>Antimicrobial shampoos and anti-itch conditioners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage range for Temaril-P in dogs?

    <p>1 tablet per 10 to 20 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used at lower doses for significant antipruritic effects?

    <p>Temaril-P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical dermatitis finding in flea-allergic cats?

    <p>Deep perivascular and interstitial dermatitis with eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly associated with flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Moth-eaten alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided during long-term treatment with Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?

    <p>Frequent and prolonged administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is recommended as a trial for confirming flea allergy in patients?

    <p>Nitenpyram trial every other day for 1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is least likely to provide itch control for flea-allergic cats?

    <p>Frequent bathing with regular soap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advised tapering strategy for corticosteroid administration?

    <p>Taper to the lowest effective dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects an issue in allergic cats?

    <p>False negative allergy test results can occur with flea allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with flea allergy dermatitis, what findings are typical?

    <p>Caudal lesions mainly localized to the rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for maintaining a flea control regimen in colder climates?

    <p>Year-round indoor flea populations can exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a trial with nitenpyram in patients presented with dermatitis?

    <p>To prove the association with flea allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable treatment characteristic of prednisone in managing allergic conditions?

    <p>Wide dosage range depending on the severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of symptom manifestation in feline atopy?

    <p>Pruritus involving excessive grooming and scratching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the use of systemic glucocorticoids in managing pruritus is accurate?

    <p>They may result in adverse effects that vary in severity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what time frame should a beneficial effect be expected from oral essential fatty acid supplements for managing feline atopy?

    <p>8 to 12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which locations on the cat's body are commonly affected by pruritus due to atopy?

    <p>Head, neck, and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign observed in cats suffering from atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Bilateral alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect linked to systemic glucocorticoid use in treating allergic reactions?

    <p>Increased risk of MRS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the pattern of pruritus in cats with atopy is correct?

    <p>It can be seasonal or nonseasonal based on allergens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a focal lesion associated with flea allergy dermatitis from a hot spot?

    <p>Erythema without moisture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for implementing an integrated flea management program?

    <p>To manage the progressive tolerance of fleas to adulticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which potential adverse effect is most commonly associated with long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

    <p>Increased susceptibility to metabolic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action for dogs treated long-term with steroids?

    <p>Monitor frequently for liver disease and urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should injectable long-acting steroids be avoided for allergy treatment?

    <p>They have a significant impact on the metabolic and immune systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the anti-inflammatory benefit of long-acting injectable steroids typically observed?

    <p>Around 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential outcome of chronic dermatitis in cats?

    <p>Secondary bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not tapering glucocorticoid therapy in dogs?

    <p>Increased risk of adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatment regimens is suggested for managing chronic pruritus in cats?

    <p>Prednisolone 2 mg/kg PO every 24 hours until resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior exhibited by cats with self-induced excoriations?

    <p>Frequent grooming and biting at the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected prognosis if strict flea control is not practiced?

    <p>Poor, due to potential widespread infestations and associated diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of adverse effects may be related to systemic glucocorticoid therapy?

    <p>Roughly 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is associated with atopy that may impact some cats?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis or asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is suggested to reduce exposure to allergens in sensitive cats?

    <p>Installation of HEPA air and charcoal filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended approach for managing flea allergy dermatitis in cats?

    <p>Elimination of fleas in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly considered a differential diagnosis for alopecia in cats?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dogs typically requires daily dosing for long-term control of allergies?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment may be used initially to accelerate the response in dogs with allergy control?

    <p>Glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of using benzyl benzoate for house dust mite treatment in sensitive cats?

    <p>Monthly treatment is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common occurrence in dogs undergoing treatment for allergies?

    <p>Frequent relapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of atopic dogs typically show good to excellent response to immunotherapy?

    <p>60% to 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a concern when dogs become poorly controlled in their allergy management?

    <p>Underlying secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor should be considered when breeding dogs in relation to atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Breeding should be discouraged if there are clinical signs of atopic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment strategy suggested for managing allergic diseases in dogs?

    <p>Individualized treatment adjustments based on patient needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is recommended for long-term symptom control in allergic dogs?

    <p>Lifelong therapy with periodic adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with the use of long-acting injectable steroids in cats?

    <p>Life-threatening cardiac effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of atopic cats are reported to show favorable responses to immunotherapy?

    <p>50% to 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In treating feline dermatitis, what is often the estimated time frame in which clinical improvement may be observed with treatment?

    <p>3 to 8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor to confirm before initiating treatment in cats for dermatitis?

    <p>Negative FeLV and FIV status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial dosage regimen of Fexofenadine for flea control in cats?

    <p>30-60 mg/cat PO every 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition has been noted to be effectively controlled by Cyclosporine in cats?

    <p>Immunologic causes of dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long might it take to see clinical response from immunotherapy in cats?

    <p>Up to 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is recommended for maintaining cats on medication after initial therapy?

    <p>Taper down dosage frequency gradually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age range is most commonly associated with the onset of symptoms in atopic dogs?

    <p>1 year to 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary skin lesion is particularly common in atopic dogs due to self-trauma?

    <p>Alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique symptom indicating canine atopy that may vary based on allergen exposure?

    <p>Foot licking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of allergy testing can be highly variable according to its technique?

    <p>Intradermal testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a differential diagnosis for canine atopy?

    <p>Sarcoptic mange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of chronic scratching or licking in atopic dogs?

    <p>Salivary staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacterial skin infection is frequently associated with atopic dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Bacterial pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might indicate a secondary condition in atopic dogs, particularly involving inflammation of the ear?

    <p>Otitis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark clinical sign of allergic pododermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Interdigital erythema and alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly diagnosed with canine food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Dogs younger than 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a swollen and erythematous ear canal?

    <p>Allergic otitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In intradermal allergy testing, what does a highly reactive result indicate?

    <p>Significant sensitivity to the allergen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dietary items should NOT be given during a hypoallergenic diet trial?

    <p>Flavored heartworm preventive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition typically does NOT affect the footpads in canines with allergies?

    <p>Interdigital pododermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is considered a classic response to intradermal allergy skin testing?

    <p>Bee sting-like positive reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an inappropriate food item when managing canine food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Table scraps like cheese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using injectable short-acting steroids over oral treatments in food-allergic dogs?

    <p>They allow for better control and monitoring by the clinician.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a new food item added to a hypoallergenic diet is found to be allergenic?

    <p>Eliminate the new food item from the diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of poor owner compliance in the management of food allergies in dogs?

    <p>Frequent presentations of pruritus and secondary infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage of dogs may require a home-cooked diet to remain symptom-free from food allergies?

    <p>Approximately 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential duration that injectable short-acting steroids can provide relief from symptoms, assuming no concurrent secondary infection occurs?

    <p>2 to 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to identifying dietary allergens once food allergy has been diagnosed through diet trials?

    <p>Add one new food item every 2 to 4 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative effect is associated with the long-term use of injectable steroids in dogs?

    <p>Profound negative impact on metabolic and immune systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key management strategy should be taken when caring for a food-allergic dog under long-term steroid treatment?

    <p>Ensure regular monitoring for liver disease and UTIs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in homes with allergenic pets?

    <p>To reduce exposure to environmental allergens like pollen and dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should allergen solutions for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) be administered to ensure efficacy?

    <p>Along the inner cheek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors should be considered when discarding old dog beds to improve allergen management?

    <p>The accumulation of house dust mite antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for the acaricide treatment of carpets and upholstery in homes with dog allergies?

    <p>Once a month for three months, then every three months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What humidity level should be maintained to effectively reduce house dust mites and molds in the home?

    <p>Below 40% relative humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what dosage frequency should the administration of Cyclosporine (Atopica) be adjusted once beneficial effects are observed?

    <p>Every 48 to 72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important to ensure after administering SLIT to prevent it from becoming ineffective?

    <p>Prevent eating and drinking for 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is reported with the use of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic (Zoetis) in atopic dogs?

    <p>Control of pruritus in approximately 75% of cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of self-induced excoriations in cats related to allergies?

    <p>Secondary bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is typically recommended to manage pruritus in cats after the initial response?

    <p>Tapering dexamethasone to lowest possible dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HEPA air filters in managing feline allergies?

    <p>They help reduce exposure to indoor allergens like dust and pollen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely differential diagnosis for alopecia in cats related to hypersensitivity?

    <p>Feline scabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for treating household items to reduce exposure to dust mites in allergic cats?

    <p>Monthly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dermatitis may present concurrently with self-induced excoriations in cats with allergies?

    <p>Miliary dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary condition may develop due to chronicity in allergic cats?

    <p>Peripheral lymphadenomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying condition may be correlated with chronic bronchitis in some cats?

    <p>Atopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for the onset of symptoms in atopic dogs?

    <p>1 to 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with canine atopy?

    <p>Seasonal foot licking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What secondary skin lesion is often seen in atopic dogs due to self-trauma?

    <p>Salivary staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing method is mentioned as having variable outcomes for diagnosing atopy?

    <p>Intradermal and serologic allergy testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the distribution of pruritus in atopic dermatitis?

    <p>It typically involves the face and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark feature in the pathophysiology of canine atopy?

    <p>Genetically predisposed reactions to environmental allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which underlying condition may lead to secondary Malassezia dermatitis in allergic dogs?

    <p>Hypersensitivity to environmental antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom of canine atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an early indicator of allergic otitis in dogs?

    <p>Swollen, erythematous ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic associated with allergic pododermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Turquoise discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when conducting a hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs?

    <p>Avoiding all food items that were previously administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin condition typically does NOT affect the footpads of dogs with allergic reactions?

    <p>Allergic pododermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group of dogs is most commonly diagnosed with food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Younger than 1 year of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classic symptom indicates the presence of atopy in dogs?

    <p>Alopecia with hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors may complicate the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity in dogs?

    <p>Presence of multiple environmental allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythematous interdigital pododermatitis in atopic dogs may indicate which of the following?

    <p>Secondary bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum dose of nitenpyram recommended for flea-allergic animals?

    <p>1 mg/kg PO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is NOT typically associated with pruritic miliary dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Forelimbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be administered to pets at risk of flea infestations before a planned encounter?

    <p>Nitenpyram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In heavily flea-infested environments, what method is recommended for treatment?

    <p>Insecticide and insect growth regulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For how long should flea control therapy be continued in temperate areas?

    <p>Until first snowfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a differential for flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate method for diagnosing lumbar dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Clinical evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for areas where pets spend the most time in flea-infested environments?

    <p>Insecticides and growth regulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant reason for suspecting flea allergy in cats with skin disease?

    <p>Year-round flea infestations can occur indoors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is most suggestive of flea allergy in cats?

    <p>Allergy testing showing positive IgE antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do eosinophils play in the dermatological findings of flea allergies?

    <p>They predominantly indicate superficial or deep perivascular dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for symptom control in flea allergy cases?

    <p>Topical applications of antimicrobial shampoos and sprays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering nitenpyram for flea allergy symptoms?

    <p>To reduce symptoms by resolving flea infestations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should topical itch control treatments be administered for optimal relief?

    <p>Every 2 to 7 days as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with the long-term use of Oclacitinib for itch control?

    <p>Heightened risk of adverse effects over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges in visualizing fleas on flea-allergic animals?

    <p>Flea-allergic animals groom themselves effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial frequency for administering Fexofenadine to cats for flea-related pruritus management?

    <p>Every 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for managing severe allergic reactions in cats only if other therapies fail or are unacceptable?

    <p>Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of atopic cats that show favorable responses to immunotherapy?

    <p>50% to 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is associated with long-acting injectable steroids in cats?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically noted about clinical improvement from immunotherapy in atopic cats?

    <p>Generally occurs within 3 to 8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical condition must cats be tested for before starting certain allergic treatments?

    <p>Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medical risk associated with long-term steroid use in cats has been identified in a significant percentage of cases?

    <p>Life-threatening cardiac effects in up to 11% of cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is noted for being well tolerated in cats and has minimal adverse effects?

    <p>Cyclosporine (Atopica)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic lesion associated with allergic pododermatitis in atopic dogs?

    <p>Erythema and alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be avoided during a hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs diagnosed with food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Flavored medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically seen in allergic otitis among atopic dogs?

    <p>Dry, flaky skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common finding can be observed in atopic dogs experiencing interdigital pododermatitis?

    <p>Bilateral ear infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Canine food hypersensitivity can manifest at any age; what percentage of diagnosed cases are younger than 1 year?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is least likely to be associated with canine atopy?

    <p>Non-allergic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is characterized by a bee sting-like positive response during intradermal allergy skin testing?

    <p>Immediate hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the alopecia and erythema commonly seen in areas affected by food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Atopic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for administering systemic antibiotics in cases of acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>6–8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach is suggested when no underlying cause for licking dermatitis can be identified?

    <p>Combined antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breeds of dogs are most commonly affected by acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>Golden retrievers and Dober-man pinschers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the lesions resulting from acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>Raised, firm, and ulcerated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does environmental stress play in the development of acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>It may contribute but is often secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific adjunct therapy may enhance the efficacy of antibiotic treatment for acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>Amitriptyline and hydrocodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the response to topical medications for acral lick dermatitis be characterized?

    <p>Unpredictable and often disappointing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with antibiotics after the lesions of acral lick dermatitis show regression?

    <p>Continue for at least 3 to 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as a highly indicative sign in cats with skin diseases related to flea allergy?

    <p>Response to aggressive flea control efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is recommended for itch control in flea-allergic cats?

    <p>Oclacitinib (Apoquel) for several weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is NOT considered diagnostic for flea allergy in cats?

    <p>Dermatohistopathology findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue can arise from prolonged use of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?

    <p>Increased risk of secondary bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flea treatment is suggested to alleviate symptoms effectively?

    <p>Nitenpyram administered every other day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when implementing a flea management program?

    <p>Progressive tolerance of fleas to adulticides must be managed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dermatitis is most commonly associated with flea allergies based on dermatopathology findings?

    <p>Deep perivascular dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy?

    <p>Severe metabolic and immune system impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the role of allergy testing in diagnosing flea allergies?

    <p>Identifies a positive reaction to flea antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are potent, long-acting injectable steroids contraindicated for allergy treatment?

    <p>They provide only temporary anti-inflammatory benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended monitoring practice for dogs undergoing long-term steroid therapy?

    <p>Frequent assessments for liver disease and urinary tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for applying symptomatic therapy in cats with flea allergies?

    <p>Every 2 to 7 days as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of using injectable short-acting steroids like dexamethasone in the treatment protocol?

    <p>They can exacerbate underlying infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be emphasized during flea management to ensure effective treatment?

    <p>The likelihood of reinfestation from in-contact animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected timeframe for monitoring adverse effects in dogs treated with glucocorticoids?

    <p>Adverse effects generally appear after 2 to 4 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principal consequence of untreated flea allergies in dogs?

    <p>Increased risk of developing ear infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended administration frequency for Temaril-P in treating pruritic conditions?

    <p>Every 24 to 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advised tapering strategy for administering corticosteroids in pruritic patients?

    <p>To the lowest possible dose and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diagnosing flea allergy dermatitis, which observation is commonly noted in affected dogs?

    <p>Moth-eaten alopecia on the lumbar area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication that a dog may have flea allergy dermatitis, despite flea control measures?

    <p>Severe itching without visible fleas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a nitenpyram trial in diagnosing flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Establishes the role of flea allergy through treatment response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is employed in the treatment of flea allergy dermatitis for its antipruritic effects?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate dosage range for administering prednisone in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>0.25 to 1 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark sign of pyotraumatic dermatitis as it relates to flea allergy?

    <p>Erythematous, moist, erosive dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant risks associated with the long-term use of oral steroids in treating allergies?

    <p>Iatrogenic Cushing’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is suggested to alleviate severe itching on a short-term basis?

    <p>Oclacitinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary strategy should be implemented when treating allergic conditions in animals?

    <p>Identify and treat the underlying allergic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of Oclacitinib when used for allergies?

    <p>Increased risk of tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential preventative measure against secondary infections in animals with allergies?

    <p>Using topical antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main consequence may arise from not identifying and treating primary allergic diseases in animals?

    <p>Emergence of resistant infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is essential to monitor when administering antibiotics for skin infections in allergic animals?

    <p>Risk of MRS contagion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with allergies, what is a significant factor that necessitates the selection of treatment options?

    <p>Potential adverse effects and risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of atopic dogs may achieve good to excellent responses from immunotherapy?

    <p>60% to 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about glucocorticoid dosing in long-term control of allergic dogs is true?

    <p>Only a quarter of dogs require every-other-day dosing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for poor control in dogs undergoing therapy for allergies?

    <p>The presence of secondary bacterial infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method aims to minimize the usage of steroids for allergic diseases?

    <p>Alternative, safer treatment options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of treatment for atopic dermatitis is discouraged regarding breeding?

    <p>Breeding dogs showing clinical signs of atopic dermatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a noted characteristic of the response time in atopic dogs receiving immunotherapy?

    <p>Clinical improvement typically noted within weeks to months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant reason for minimizing the use of steroids in managing allergic diseases in dogs?

    <p>They pose legal risks and negatively impact metabolic health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dogs typically require twice-weekly dosing for long-term control of allergies?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom best illustrates the typical distribution pattern of lesions in canine atopy?

    <p>Alopecia and excoriations on the face and extremities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is it essential to adjust treatment for allergic dogs?

    <p>When symptoms worsen despite medication adherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by pododermatitis caused by chronic licking in atopic dogs?

    <p>Underlying allergic disease causing foot pruritus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can lips and facial areas be affected in atopic dogs?

    <p>Erythema and perioral dermatitis linked to excessive grooming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of immunotherapy should be considered for managing atopic dogs?

    <p>The focus is on enhancing tolerance toward environmental allergens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can indicate a secondary infection in an allergic dog with dermatitis?

    <p>Erythema and crusting due to secondary bacterial and yeast infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following skin changes is a direct result of chronic licking in dogs with atopy?

    <p>Pododermatitis with salivary staining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pattern of presentation is most commonly associated with severe pruritus in atopic Labrador retrievers?

    <p>Generalized alopecia and hyperpigmentation in the face and axilla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oral essential fatty acid supplements in managing pruritus in dogs?

    <p>They help control pruritus in a percentage of cases over a long period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason food allergy testing is not recommended?

    <p>The results are often unreliable and can be misleading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical frequency for applying topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos for allergy management?

    <p>Every 2 to 7 days or as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dermatitis is uniquely recognized as a feature of food allergies in dogs?

    <p>Perianal dermatitis with or without otitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique therapeutic consideration when administering dextromethorphan for allergic dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Doses should be administered every 12 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon may occur when essential fatty acid supplements are combined with glucocorticoids or antihistamines?

    <p>A synergistic effect may enhance treatment efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to determine the most effective systemic antihistamine for treating a dog's allergies?

    <p>Administer different antihistamines in short trials to identify effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells may predominate in dermatohistopathology related to cases of atopy?

    <p>Eosinophils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common dosage range for Amitriptyline when prescribed for treatment?

    <p>1–3 mg/kg PO q 12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as an endorphin blocker?

    <p>Naltrexone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential treatment for refractory lesions discussed in the context?

    <p>CO2 laser resurfacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topical product is mentioned alongside flunixin meglumine?

    <p>Fluocinolone acetonide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which underlying cause for Acral Lick Dermatitis is related to trauma?

    <p>Cut or bruise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage of Diazepam recommended for oral administration?

    <p>0.2 mg/kg PO q 12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT indicated for treatment in cases of Acral Lick Dermatitis?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for chronic lesions that are unresponsive to treatment?

    <p>Generally poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dogs typically requires daily dosing for long-term control of allergic conditions?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of atopic dogs may require some medical therapy in addition to immunotherapy?

    <p>60% to 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is considered safe with no statistically significant increases in tumor risk for dogs?

    <p>Cyclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For dogs that exhibit poor control of allergic conditions, what is the first issue to rule out?

    <p>Secondary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for administering Oclacitinib (Apoquel) to alleviate symptoms in dogs?

    <p>1 to 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discouraged regarding the breeding of dogs in relation to atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Breeding male or female dogs with clinical signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency of dosing to control allergies in about half of the dogs?

    <p>Every-other-day dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect linked to the long-term use of an elimination diet in dogs?

    <p>Development of tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most likely to improve first after initiating a strict home-cooked elimination diet?

    <p>Itchiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of managing allergic conditions in dogs, why is individualized treatment important?

    <p>Relapses are common and tailored adjustments may be necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common approach to quickly improving a dog's condition at the onset of treatment?

    <p>High-dose glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern regarding the use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy for managing food allergies in dogs?

    <p>Potential adverse effects on the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following potential complications should be ruled out in poorly controlled allergic dogs?

    <p>Secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse reaction that might occur with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica) for food allergies?

    <p>Soft stool or diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with long-acting injectable steroids used for allergy treatment in dogs?

    <p>Prolonged effects with potential immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the treatment plan for dogs with food allergies showing poor response to typical therapies?

    <p>Assessment of owner compliance and ingredient hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for having the pet owner complete a patient history form?

    <p>It allows for a detailed focus on symptoms and enhances understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach should be avoided during discussions about allergy treatment?

    <p>Providing a stream-of-consciousness monologue about allergies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should veterinarians manage the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus for immunosuppressed family members?

    <p>Implement aggressive monitoring and diagnostic workups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total daily dosage for Hydroxyzine in a 10 kg dog?

    <p>44 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vital for families at risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus infections?

    <p>Being receptive to aggressive medical management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has a dosage range of 1–3 mg/kg for chronic conditions?

    <p>Amitriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs?

    <p>It can be a source of contagious infections to immunosuppressed family members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential outcome is associated with chronic lesions that are unresponsive to treatment?

    <p>Poor prognosis for resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common oversight may veterinarians make when discussing allergy treatments with pet owners?

    <p>Having an automatic allergy explanation that confuses the owner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total dosage of Clomipramine for a 15 kg dog if given at 2 mg/kg?

    <p>60 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary objective for managing allergic patients at risk of contagion?

    <p>Conducting the most comprehensive diagnostic evaluations available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as an endorphin blocker?

    <p>Naltrexone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is critical to consider when discussing the risk of zoonosis in households with allergic dogs?

    <p>Immunosuppressed family members having prior medical conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is considered beneficial for refractory, proliferative infections?

    <p>CO2 laser resurfacing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advisable frequency for administration of Fluoxetine?

    <p>Every 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topical product is mentioned alongside flunixin meglumine for therapy?

    <p>Fluocinolone acetonide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of flea allergy dermatitis in cats?

    <p>Erosive dermatitis with crust formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin condition is often misdiagnosed as psychogenic alopecia in flea-allergic cats?

    <p>Allergic alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesion can be caused by flea allergy dermatitis on a cat's face?

    <p>Eosinophilic plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method used to diagnose flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Intradermal allergy testing with flea antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic finding is associated with flea dirt in a flea-allergic cat?

    <p>Dark coagulate in feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is commonly observed with eosinophilic granulomas associated with flea allergy in cats?

    <p>Alopecic and swollen skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is typically affected by allergic alopecia in a flea-allergic cat?

    <p>Caudal flanks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom can indicate an acute reaction to flea exposure in a cat?

    <p>Severe, erythematous dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy involves the use of topical solutions that may include oatmeal and antihistamines to alleviate symptoms of allergies?

    <p>Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duration of therapy is typically necessary for oral essential fatty acids to show beneficial effects in managing pruritus?

    <p>8 to 12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is indicated as contraindicated for allergy management due to potential adverse effects?

    <p>Long-acting injectable steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant potential issue when using systemic antihistamines over the long term?

    <p>Adverse metabolic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary behavioral symptom that dextromethorphan aims to address in dogs with allergic dermatitis?

    <p>Licking and chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should antihistamine therapy be trialed to determine the most effective option for allergies?

    <p>2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one therapeutic combination suggested to have a synergistic effect in the management of allergic symptoms?

    <p>Glucocorticoids and essential fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms might indicate long-term use of antihistamines in allergy management?

    <p>Polyuria and polydipsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of atopic dogs may require daily dosing for long-term control?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic dogs?

    <p>To accelerate initial response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range at which most symptoms of canine atopy first appear?

    <p>Between 1 and 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a common complication in dogs undergoing long-term therapy for atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Pruritic flare-ups and secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended outcome of immunotherapy in atopic dogs?

    <p>To achieve good to excellent clinical response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be associated with secondary skin lesions due to self-trauma in canine atopy?

    <p>Excessive hyperhidrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes seasonal from nonseasonal foot licking in dogs with atopy?

    <p>Nonseasonal licking indicates a reaction to year-round allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing allergic dogs that exhibit poor control, what should be prioritized for evaluation?

    <p>Presence of secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known differential diagnosis for canine atopy?

    <p>Bacterial pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be discouraged in breeding practices to prevent the genetic spread of atopic dermatitis?

    <p>Breeding of dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms indicates allergic otitis in dogs?

    <p>A swollen, erythematous ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of performing an intradermal allergy skin test in dogs?

    <p>To detect reactivity to environmental allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of allergy testing is known to show highly variable results when diagnosing canine atopy?

    <p>Intradermal testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the frequency of steroid use in treating allergic disease in dogs is correct?

    <p>Similar frequency of steroid use is needed for allergies and arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach has not shown statistically significant increases in tumor risk for dogs being treated for allergies?

    <p>Ciclosporin administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly diagnosed with food allergies in dogs?

    <p>Young dogs less than 1 year of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas of the body are typically affected by pruritus in dogs suffering from canine atopy?

    <p>Paws, flanks, groin, axillae, face, and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary restrictions are recommended during a hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs?

    <p>Flavored medications and treats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a dog's symptoms of atopic dermatitis are due to environmental allergens, what would be the most effective way to manage this condition?

    <p>Incorporate immunotherapy for environmental allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by alopecia and lichenification under the axilla in dogs?

    <p>Atopy with secondary yeast infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of dermatitis is commonly seen as a secondary effect in allergic dogs due to chronic skin irritation?

    <p>Malassezia dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are classic lesions associated with allergic pododermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Erythema and alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the impact of an intradermal allergy skin test result?

    <p>It reflects the dog's specific reactivity to allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical finding in dogs suffering from food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Severe periocular dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when diagnosing food hypersensitivity in dogs?

    <p>Assessing the duration of the dog's current diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dermatitis is typically associated with food allergies in canines?

    <p>Pododermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism might contribute to the alopecic and hyperpigmented skin lesions seen in allergic dogs?

    <p>Secondary superficial pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual characteristic distinguishes the dermatitis associated with food hypersensitivity from other types of dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Erythema without infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the dog is likely to exhibit alopecia and erythema due to food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Dorsal foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dog behavior may be indicative of food hypersensitivity due to underlying skin conditions?

    <p>Excessive grooming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dermatological symptoms can arise as a secondary condition due to food allergies in dogs?

    <p>Lichenification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical symptom is likely to be seen in the axillary area of dogs suffering from food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Alopecia with erythema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using combination anesthesia in veterinary practice?

    <p>It reduces the risk of adverse events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical component of dermatology examinations for diagnosing skin disease?

    <p>Incorporation of cytology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach should be adopted to effectively manage allergic skin disease in pets?

    <p>Using multiple therapies targeting different aspects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for bathing a pet to manage allergic conditions?

    <p>Every 3 to 7 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be addressed in treatment to reduce the recurrence of allergic infections?

    <p>Treating the primary, underlying allergic cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when a history suggests a resistant bacterial infection in a pet?

    <p>Culture the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing pruritus due to allergic conditions, what is often the primary concern for pet owners?

    <p>Stopping the itch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chronic use of antibiotics in the management of allergic conditions?

    <p>It may lead to recurrence of infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage frequency for administering Temaril-P (trimeprazine and prednisolone combination)?

    <p>Every 24 to 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diagnosing flea allergy dermatitis, what should be suspected in any dog with lumbar dermatitis?

    <p>Flea allergy dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When treating a pruritic patient, what is the recommended method to taper the dosage of steroids?

    <p>Taper to the lowest possible dose and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one efficient method to determine the role of flea allergy in a pruritic patient?

    <p>Perform a nitenpyram trial every other day for 1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dermatitis is characterized by expanding papular rash and severe erythema, commonly associated with flea allergy?

    <p>Pyotraumatic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is typically affected by flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Caudal to the rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What oral medication is suggested for controlling pruritus in dogs based on the information given?

    <p>Prednisone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common lesion characteristic associated with flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Moth-eaten alopecia on the lumbar area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for administering the allergen solution in sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) to canines?

    <p>Spraying it onto the inner cheek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What household treatment is suggested to eliminate house dust mites in sensitive dogs?

    <p>Using benzyl benzoate on carpets and upholstery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the clinical presentation of food hypersensitivity in dogs?

    <p>Nonseasonal itching with papular rash and erythema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of performing a provocative challenge in diagnosing food allergies in dogs?

    <p>It brings back symptoms to verify food intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should high-efficiency dehumidifiers be maintained to keep humidity levels below 40% in homes?

    <p>Once a month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical dosage of Cyclosporine (Atopica) for controlling pruritus in atopic dogs?

    <p>5 mg/kg PO every 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment strategy is essential for managing pruritus in allergic dogs while preventing secondary infections?

    <p>Establishing an integrated flea control program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advised protocol after administering SLIT in terms of food and water for dogs?

    <p>Withhold food and water for 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with recurrent food hypersensitivity in dogs?

    <p>Papular rash typical of contact dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does dehumidifying the home have on potential allergens?

    <p>Decreases house dust mite, mold, and flea antigen loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does symptomatic therapy play in the management of food allergies in dogs?

    <p>It provides temporary control of itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is most likely to be prescribed for a dog with secondary pyoderma associated with food allergies?

    <p>Antibiotics targeted at secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for discarding old dog beds in homes with dust-mite-sensitive dogs?

    <p>They accumulate house dust mite antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is specifically noted to significantly help pruritus in atopic dogs?

    <p>Cyclosporine (Atopica)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is most commonly affected by alopecia due to food hypersensitivity in dogs?

    <p>The ears and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended bathing frequency for dogs with allergies to help prevent secondary infections?

    <p>Every 3 to 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes feline food hypersensitivity in cats?

    <p>It can coexist with flea hypersensitivity but is less common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical skin lesion associated with feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Seborrheic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it appropriate to consider glucocorticoid therapy for feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Only when the pruritus is severe and unresponsive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical action to take concerning offending dietary allergens in cats with food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Ensure that all dietary allergens are identified and eliminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effects are commonly associated with the use of systemic glucocorticoids in treating feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Increased likelihood of MRS infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duration is typically necessary for resolving pruritus with prednisolone therapy for feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Approximately 2 to 8 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concurrent condition may be observed alongside feline food hypersensitivity symptoms?

    <p>Chronic gastrointestinal issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common dermatological conditions that might be considered as a differential for feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Atopic dermatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary rationale behind using multiple drugs at reduced dosages for anesthesia?

    <p>To minimize the risk of adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing allergic skin disease, what is a critical component of the treatment regimen?

    <p>Implementing multiple therapies targeting various pathophysiological aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken when there's suspicion of a resistant bacterial infection in skin treatment?

    <p>Conduct a skin culture test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to treat the primary underlying allergic cause rather than just the secondary infections?

    <p>To prevent the recurrence of secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended frequency for bathing pets to help manage itch and prevent infections?

    <p>Every 3 to 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is suggested to alleviate allergic otitis from progressing to infectious otitis?

    <p>Use an ear cleaner after every bath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended treatment option for managing psychogenic dermatoses in dogs?

    <p>Anxiolytics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of excessive focus on treating the symptom of itch rather than underlying causes?

    <p>Escalation of associated skin issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often ruled out when diagnosing lesions in dogs?

    <p>Demodicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cytology play in dermatology examinations for skin disease assessment?

    <p>It aids in the cytologic diagnosis of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication following surgical excision of skin lesions in dogs?

    <p>Wound dehiscence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common finding in the dermatohistopathology of lesions in dogs?

    <p>Mild neutrophilic and mononuclear perivascular dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common dermatological feature associated with food allergies in dogs?

    <p>Perianal dermatitis with or without recurrent otitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach is utilized for long-term management of lesions in dogs?

    <p>Behavior-modifying drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long may oral essential fatty acid supplements need to be administered before significant improvement is observed?

    <p>8-12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of allergic dermatitis, what is the recommended dosage for Dextromethorphan in dogs?

    <p>2 mg/kg PO every 12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be corrected as part of the treatment process for lesions in dogs?

    <p>Environmental allergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is suggested for dogs experiencing symptoms from hypersensitivities?

    <p>Systemic antihistamine therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of trial treatment periods to identify effective drugs for lesions?

    <p>5 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanical barrier is suggested to assist in the treatment of lesions?

    <p>Elizabethan collars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dermatohistopathology typically indicate in cases of food allergies?

    <p>Superficial perivascular dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing method is generally discouraged for diagnosing food allergies in dogs due to its unreliability?

    <p>Serological testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average percentage of dogs that show improvement in pruritus with essential fatty acid supplementation?

    <p>20% to 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary condition is linked to storage mite antigens in dogs with allergy testing?

    <p>Positive serum reactions without symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with long-term use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in treating allergies?

    <p>Increased risk for MRS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are potent, long-acting injectable steroids not advised for allergy treatment?

    <p>They provide short anti-inflammatory benefits but have prolonged side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage regimen for injectable short-acting steroids in allergy management?

    <p>Taper to the lowest possible dose and frequency after initial relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do fleas have on dogs in relation to disease transmission?

    <p>They can carry bloodborne diseases similar to ticks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of implementing an integrated flea management program?

    <p>To prevent progressive tolerance to adulticides in fleas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surveillance for liver disease and urinary tract infections is advised for which group of dogs?

    <p>Dogs treated with long-term systemic glucocorticoids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for dogs suffering from allergies if strict flea control is maintained?

    <p>It is fair, as fleas may still come from in-contact animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with systemic glucocorticoid therapy?

    <p>Parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is another name for eosinophilic plaques found in flea-allergic cats?

    <p>Erosive dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically noted on the skin of cats suffering from flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Erythematous and swollen skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to confirm flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Intracutaneous allergy test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abnormalities is common in cats with flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Eosinophilic granulomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typical sign is associated with the examination of flea dirt in cats?

    <p>Dark coagulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In flea-allergic cats, the term 'alopecic' refers to what specific characteristic?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misdiagnosis can arise due to the lack of apparent cutaneous inflammation in cats with flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Psychogenic alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of dermatitis seen in flea-allergic dogs, specifically in the lumbar region?

    <p>Characteristic lumbar dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering oral steroids to allergic dogs?

    <p>To stop acute pruritic flares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is specifically noted for having minimal adverse effects at the time of writing?

    <p>Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with frequent or extended use of oral steroids?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse event reported with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?

    <p>Soft stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect related to high dosing of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?

    <p>UTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the goals of allergy management in dogs is accurate?

    <p>Reduce skin and ear infection frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse event is reported with the use of higher doses of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a primary component of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic's mechanism of action?

    <p>Inhibits IL-31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time frame for adding a new food item to a hypoallergenic diet during the challenge phase for food allergies?

    <p>2 to 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical observation for dogs treated with long-term steroids?

    <p>Frequent monitoring for liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of canine food hypersensitivity as illustrated in the distributions?

    <p>Severe periocular dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What secondary condition is often associated with the allergic disease in dogs as a result of food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Bacterial pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing food allergies, what is the potential result of a dietary lapse for an allergic dog?

    <p>Flare-ups of pruritus and secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the body is commonly affected by alopecia and erythema due to food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Axillary area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What steroid is mentioned as a short-acting option for providing relief in food-allergic dogs?

    <p>Dexamethasone sodium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do injectable short-acting steroids typically provide relief in food-allergic dogs without secondary infections?

    <p>2 to 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of dermatitis associated with the underlying allergy in dogs with food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Alopecic, hyperpigmented, and lichenified skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom in allergic dogs can indicate a secondary yeast dermatitis resulting from food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Papules with early lichenification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dogs may require a home-cooked diet to remain symptom-free from food allergies?

    <p>Approximately 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of otitis in a dog with food hypersensitivity typically suggest?

    <p>Underlying allergic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do injectable steroids provide compared to oral treatments for food-allergic dogs?

    <p>Better monitoring of side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the management strategy for dogs with food allergies?

    <p>Strictly avoiding all food items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the type of dermatitis frequently seen in dogs with food hypersensitivity, as characterized by its appearance?

    <p>Lichenified dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically considered a symptom associated with canine food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Sudden weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by highly reactive intradermal allergy skin test results?

    <p>Canine atopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is most commonly associated with canine food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Young dogs under 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT typically occur as a result of allergic pododermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Vesicular lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of allergic otitis in canines?

    <p>Swollen and erythematous ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable recommendation during the hypoallergenic diet trial for diagnosing food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Avoid non-hypoallergenic snacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lesion is typically seen in dogs suffering from allergic pododermatitis?

    <p>Erythema and alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food item should NOT be included during the hypoallergenic diet trial for dogs suspected of food allergies?

    <p>Rawhide treats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intradermal allergy skin tests are primarily used to evaluate what type of reactions?

    <p>Environmental allergies only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum frequency that Fexofenadine can be dosed in cats for flea control management?

    <p>Every 48 to 72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about long-acting injectable steroids in cats is accurate?

    <p>They may cause life-threatening cardiac effects in some cats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of atopic cats typically show favorable responses to immunotherapy?

    <p>50% to 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can clinical improvement from immunotherapy take to manifest in cats?

    <p>3 to 8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern regarding the risk of toxoplasmosis in cats undergoing certain therapies?

    <p>The risk appears to be low as of this writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of feline dermatitis, which immunologic cause challenging to treat has been noted?

    <p>Flea allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duration of lifelong management is typically expected for most cats suffering from allergic conditions?

    <p>Management usually requires lifelong therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is indicated if other medical therapies for feline dermatitis are ineffective?

    <p>Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor in successfully reducing the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) infections in families?

    <p>Willingness of family members to accept aggressive medical management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is recommended to enhance a pet owner's understanding of an allergic condition?

    <p>Having the pet owner complete a detailed patient history form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when monitoring a patient from a family with a history of MRS?

    <p>Proactive monitoring for all three types of MRS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using oral essential fatty acid supplements in dogs with pruritus?

    <p>Control of pruritus over a prolonged period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid a stream-of-consciousness discussion about allergies with pet owners?

    <p>It can overload the client with unnecessary information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In families at risk for MRS contagion, what is the recommendation for dealing with immunosuppressed members?

    <p>Conduct aggressive monitoring for specific MRS types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is contraindicated for managing allergies due to its prolonged effects?

    <p>Injectable long-acting steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as important when developing treatment protocols for allergic patients?

    <p>Tailoring the approach to the individual’s specific problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination therapy is suggested to potentially enhance the efficacy of antihistamines for allergy management?

    <p>Antihistamines and glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect seen with long-term antihistamine use in dogs treated for allergies?

    <p>Unacceptable adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a significant outcome if an owner does not have a clear understanding of their pet's allergic condition?

    <p>Poor adherence to treatment and prevention protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral change is likely needed from pet owners to improve the management of their allergic pets?

    <p>Acceptance of structured treatment regimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long may it take to see beneficial effects from oral essential fatty acid supplements?

    <p>8 to 12 weeks of therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors in dogs may be managed with the use of dextromethorphan?

    <p>Licking, chewing, and biting behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of Clomipramine for treating certain conditions in dogs?

    <p>1–3 mg/kg PO q 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with systemic antihistamine therapy in dogs?

    <p>Prolonged metabolic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for instructing clients not to spray allergen solution directly into the back of the patient's mouth?

    <p>It decreases the efficacy of SLIT treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to discard old dog beds in the home environment?

    <p>They hold house dust mite antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective method for managing house dust mite populations in a pet's living environment?

    <p>Use of high-efficiency particulate air filters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What humidity level is suggested to decrease house dust mite, mold, and flea antigen loads effectively?

    <p>40% relative humidity or lower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the acaricide benzyl benzoate be applied to effectively eliminate house dust mites from the environment?

    <p>Once a month for three months, then every three months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using injectable short-acting steroids over oral treatments in dogs with food allergies?

    <p>They allow for better monitoring and control of steroid use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the starting dosage frequency for Cyclosporine (Atopica) in treating atopic dogs experiencing pruritus?

    <p>Once a day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managing a food-allergic dog, how often should new food items be added to the hypoallergenic diet during the challenge phase?

    <p>Every 2 to 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor may contribute to the effectiveness of tailoring SLIT therapy in dogs?

    <p>Patient temperament and client lifestyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended wait time after administering SLIT before allowing the pet to eat or drink?

    <p>20 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a clinician respond if clinical symptoms reoccur after adding a new food item to an allergic dog's hypoallergenic diet?

    <p>Regress to a completely restricted diet for 7 to 10 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dogs may require a home-cooked diet to remain symptom-free from food allergies?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern regarding long-term treatment with steroids in dogs?

    <p>Steroids can lead to serious liver disease and UTIs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach should be taken to effectively manage food-allergic patients who have inconsistent dietary compliance?

    <p>Establish a consistent diet and monitor compliance closely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence for food-allergic dogs who are not adequately restricted from their allergens?

    <p>Increased occurrences of pruritus and secondary infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be expected if a dog continues to have dietary lapses while managing food allergies?

    <p>Frequent flare-ups of symptoms and potential complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using Tamril-P for treating dermatological issues in dogs?

    <p>Provides significant antipruritic effects at a lower dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should doses of prednisone be administered to a patient?

    <p>Every 24 to 48 hours and tapered to the lowest dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom observed in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Moth-eaten alopecia in specific areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to determine the role of flea allergy in pruritic patients?

    <p>A nitenpyram trial every other day for 1 month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the majority of lesions found in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis?

    <p>Caudal to the rib cage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steroids is mentioned as a treatment option for pruritic patients?

    <p>Methylprednisolone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical lesion associated with severe flea allergy dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Severe, erythematous, moist, erosive dermatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to monitor a patient's steroid use when administering them?

    <p>To more closely control and monitor steroid use compared to oral methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common time frame for the onset of symptoms in dogs with canine atopy?

    <p>Between 1 to 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of seasonal canine atopy?

    <p>Seasonal foot licking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary condition is frequently associated with canine atopy due to self-trauma?

    <p>Bacterial pyoderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of allergy testing can yield highly variable results?

    <p>Intradermal testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas are signs of pruritus commonly observed in dogs with canine atopy?

    <p>Feet, flanks, and groin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common diagnostic sign in atopic dogs may indicate year-round allergen exposure?

    <p>Foot licking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can be differentiated from canine atopy?

    <p>Flea hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is marked by secondary skin lesions due to self-trauma from pruritus?

    <p>Acral lick dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic in affected dogs?

    <p>It blocks the pruritogenic effects of IL-31.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is suggested for providing dietary support in treating allergic dogs?

    <p>Introduce a home-cooked food trial that avoids preservatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions may be associated with feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with the long-term use of systemic glucocorticoids in cats?

    <p>Increased risk for MRS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For young allergic dogs, which supplementary treatment may help manage allergies?

    <p>Non-flavored probiotic once each day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is recommended to help reduce exposure to allergens during peak allergen times?

    <p>Limit outdoor time during dawn and dusk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy is suggested for controlling nonseasonal pruritus in cats?

    <p>Dexamethasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dietary management is recommended for cats experiencing food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Home-cooked diet or hypoallergenic diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential consequence of long-term use of steroids in treating allergic dogs should pet owners be aware of?

    <p>Serious and significant adverse effects over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a differential diagnosis for feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is effective at preventing parasitic pruritic flares in dogs?

    <p>Utilization of new-generation parasite control therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for administering essential fatty acids for managing skin inflammation?

    <p>Every 12 to 24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duration is typically recommended for the initial treatment of pruritus using prednisolone in cats?

    <p>2 to 8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might concurrent gastrointestinal issues present alongside feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Diarrhea or vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these components can help improve the skin barrier in allergic dogs?

    <p>Omega-3 fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic distribution of pruritus in feline food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Localized to head and neck or generalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial manifestation of acral lick dermatitis in dogs?

    <p>Excessive compulsive licking at a focal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed is noted for having a higher incidence of acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>Labrador Retriever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended duration for antibiotic therapy in cases of acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>6-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is suggested to help minimize licking in dogs with acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>Topical application of analgesic or steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases where no underlying cause for acral lick dermatitis can be found, what treatment might be given?

    <p>Combination of medications including amitriptyline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential outcome is common in chronic cases of acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>Extensive fibrosis and hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological factors are typically considered to contribute to acral lick dermatitis?

    <p>Anxiety and boredom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical appearance of an affected area in acral lick dermatitis over time?

    <p>Alopecic, firm, and thickened skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential risk associated with the long-term use of Oclacitinib (Apoquel)?

    <p>Increased risk of tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diets is most recommended for managing food hypersensitivity?

    <p>Monoprotein and single carbohydrate home-cooked diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of long-acting injectable steroids in dogs with allergies?

    <p>Long metabolic and immunodepressive effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adverse event associated with the use of Cyclosporine (Atopica)?

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for ruling out owner noncompliance in dogs with poorly controlled allergies?

    <p>To confirm dietary restrictions are followed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average duration of symptom improvement when initiating a strict elimination diet for food hypersensitivity?

    <p>10 to 12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments has variable effectiveness in managing pruritus due to food allergy?

    <p>Systemic glucocorticoid therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common secondary infection mentioned in the context of food hypersensitivity in dogs?

    <p>Demodicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Canine Hypersensitivity Disorders

    • Canine Atopy (Atopic Dermatitis, Environmental, Pollen Allergies)
      • One of the most common skin disorders in dogs
      • May lead to secondary skin and ear infections
      • Causes chronic skin and ear changes

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Clinical Signs
      • Severe periocular dermatitis
      • Alopecia, erythema, and hyperpigmentation around the eyes
      • Alopecia and erythema in the axillary area
      • Pododermatitis
      • Secondary Malassezia dermatitis
      • Otitis

    Acral Lick Dermatitis (Lick Granuloma)

    • Clinical Signs
      • Bilaterally symmetrical lesions
      • Most often found on the dorsal aspect of the carpus, metacarpus, tarsus, or metatarsus
      • Alopecia
      • Erythema
      • Hyperpigmentation
      • Lichenification
      • Secondary pyoderma
      • Peripheral lymphadenomegaly

    Flea Allergy Dermatitis (Flea Bite Hypersensitivity)

    • Clinical Signs
      • Pruritic
      • Lesions are located in the tail head, hindquarters, and ventral abdomen
      • Erythema, alopecia, papules, and excoriations
      • May develop secondary skin infections

    Feline Eosinophilic Plaque

    • Clinical Signs
      • Plaque Form:
        • Thick, raised, and ulcerated
        • Located on the ventral abdomen, inner thighs, and flanks
      • Linear Form:
        • A raised, linear plaque that bleeds easily and is frequently located on the head and neck

    Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma (Linear Granuloma)

    • Clinical Signs
      • Raised, linear plaque that bleeds easily
      • Frequently located on the head and neck

    Indolent Ulcer (Rodent Ulcer, Eosinophilic Ulcer)

    • Clinical Signs
      • Chronically ulcerated
      • Found most commonly on the upper lip and chin

    Feline Plasma Cell Pododermatitis

    • Clinical Signs
      • Alopecia
      • Erythema
      • Hyperpigmentation
      • Pain around the paws
      • Causes lameness and reluctance to walk

    Feline Idiopathic Ulcerative Dermatosis

    • Clinical Signs
      • Found on the chin, lips, and eyelids
      • May be associated with other systemic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease

    Urticaria and Angioedema (Hives)

    • Clinical Signs
      • Raised, edematous plaques with a red or white color (Urticaria)
      • Localized edema (Angioedema)
      • Usually accompanied by pruritus

    Canine Eosinophilic Furunculosis of the Face

    • Clinical Signs
      • Alopecia
      • Erythema
      • Hyperpigmentation
      • Furunculosis (boils)

    Contact Dermatitis (Allergic Contact Dermatitis)

    • Clinical Signs
      • Erythema
      • Papules
      • Vesicles
      • Crusted plaques
      • Alopecia

    Treating Allergic Dogs

    • Treatment Goals
      • Reduce itching by 80% to 90% of the time
      • Reduce the frequency of skin and ear infections
      • Minimize the use of antibiotics
      • Limit adverse events associated with allergy treatments

    Alternative Medical Treatments

    • For Allergic Dogs
      • Cold laser therapy
      • Acupuncture

    Mechanical Barriers

    • For Allergic Dogs
      • Wire muzzles
      • Bandaging
      • Elizabethan collars
      • Side braces

    Drugs for Psychogenic Dermatoses

    • Anxiolytics
      • Phenobarbital
    • Steroids
      • Prednisolone
      • Dexamethasone

    Allergy Treatment (Immune Modulation)

    • For Allergic Dogs
      • Remove allergens from the environment when possible
      • Use HEPA air filters and charcoal filters to reduce pollens, molds, and dust
      • Treat household carpets, mattresses, and upholstery with benzyl benzoate for house dust mite allergies

    Canine Atopy

    • Atopic dermatitis in dogs is an allergic skin disease caused by environmental allergens
    • Usually develops between 1 and 3 years of age
    • 6-10% of dogs are affected
    • The most common allergens are pollens, dust mites, and molds
    • Clinical signs include itching, redness, hair loss, and skin infections
    • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and intradermal allergy testing
    • Treatment involves controlling environmental allergens, flea control, and medications such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, and cyclosporine
    • The prognosis is good but lifelong therapy is needed for control

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • An adverse reaction to a food or food additive
    • Can occur at any age
    • Approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age
    • Clinical signs include itching, redness, hair loss, gastrointestinal upset, and ear infections
    • Diagnosis typically involves an elimination diet trial
    • Treatment involves avoiding the offending food
    • The prognosis is good, but lifelong diet restrictions are needed to prevent recurrence

    Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • An IgE-mediated allergic reaction to flea saliva
    • Common in dogs, rarely seen in cats
    • Clinical signs include intense itching, hair loss, and skin infections
    • Can occur as a result of a single flea bite and progress to severe dermatitis with pruritic lesions
    • Lesions are primarily seen on the lumbar region, tail head, and ventral abdomen
    • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and flea control trials with nitenpyram
    • Treatment involves aggressive flea control with insecticides including nitenpyram
    • The prognosis is good, but lifelong flea control is needed to prevent recurrence

    Atopic Dermatitis

    • Atopic dermatitis is a common, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease in dogs.
    • It is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to allergens in the environment, and dogs with a family history are predisposed.
    • The disease is common in young to middle-aged dogs, but is not seen in puppies.
    • The disease is usually seasonal, but may be year-round, depending on the allergens.
    • Clinical signs include pruritus, erythema, alopecia, and scaling, particularly on the face, feet, and ventral abdomen, with a strong genetic component.
    • Some dogs may develop secondary bacterial infections, otitis externa, or pyoderma.
    • In the text, we learn that cyclosporine is often effective against atopy, however, there is a 25% relapse rate, indicating that the effects of the medicine are not permanent.

    Diagnosis

    • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and history.
    • Treatment includes environmental allergens, flea management, and immunotherapy.
    • There is a 60-75% response rate to immunotherapy.
    • Glucocorticoids are often effective in controlling pruritus but can result in adverse effects, ranging from increased risks of infections to skin problems.

    Treatment

    • An integrated flea control program is essential.
    • Glucocorticoids can also be used to control inflammation, but this option may result in adverse effects, such as an increase in risk for infection.

    Prognosis

    • The prognosis is good, although lifelong therapy is needed in most dogs, and relapses are common, so treatment adjustments may be needed.

    Feline Atopy

    • Feline atopy is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergens, and a genetic predisposition is suspected.
    • It is uncommon in cats and is less common than flea hypersensitivity and food allergy.
    • The primary symptom is pruritus (chewing, scratching, excessive grooming), which may be seasonal or nonseasonal, depending on the offending allergens.
    • This pruritus may concentrate around the head, neck, and ears, or it may involve other areas such as the ventral abdomen, caudal thighs, forelegs, or lateral thorax.
    • Clinical signs include pruritus, alopecia, scaling, and secondary infections.
    • Treatment usually involves a combination of therapies, such as avoidance of allergens, antihistamines, essential fatty acids, and immunotherapy.

    Treatment

    • Treatment for feline atopy includes eliminating the allergens in the environment, if possible, and using immunotherapy to suppress the immune response.
    • Glucocorticoids can also be used to control inflammation, but this option may result in adverse effects.
    • Cyclosporine is well tolerated in cats and has few adverse effects, but will not control infections caused by flea allergies, dermatophytosis, or mites.
    • Long-acting injectable steroids may be problematic and should be used only as a last resort because of possible life-threatening cardiac effects.
    • The prognosis is good for most cats, but successful management usually requires lifelong therapy.

    Prognosis

    • The prognosis is good for most cats, but successful management usually requires lifelong therapy.

    Canine Atopy

    • Atopic Dermatitis, Environmental, Pollen Allergies.
    • Hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled or cutaneously absorbed environmental antigens (allergens)
    • Common in dogs, onset from 6 months to 6 years
    • Symptoms include skin erythema and pruritus (licking, chewing, scratching, rubbing)
    • Pruritus can be seasonal or nonseasonal
    • Pruritus usually involves feet, flanks, groin, axillae, face, and ears
    • Self-trauma results in secondary skin lesions: alopecia, excoriations, scales, crusts, hyperpigmentation, lichenification

    Diagnosing Canine Atopy

    • Seasonal foot licking is the most unique and typical symptom
    • Allergy testing (intradermal, serologic) can be highly variable
    • Positive reactions to grass, weed, tree, mold, insect, dander, or indoor environmental allergens
    • Intradermal allergy skin tests demonstrate more subtle positive and negative reactions to injected allergens

    Top Differentials

    • Food allergy, scabies, Malassezia dermatitis, bacterial pyoderma, other hypersensitivities (flea bite, contact)
    • Parasites (cheyletiellosis, pediculosis)
    • Folliculitis (dermatophyte, Demodex)

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Adverse reaction to a food or food additive
    • Can occur at any age
    • Approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age
    • Patients present with pruritic miliary dermatitis with secondary excoriations, crusting, and alopecia
    • Other symptoms include symmetrical alopecia and eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions

    Diagnosing Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Lumbar dermatitis is the most unique and consistent feature
    • Response to hypoallergenic diet trial: symptoms resolve

    Top Differentials

    • Atopy, other ectoparasites (scabies, cheyletiellosis, pediculosis, demodicosis)
    • Superficial pyoderma, dermatophytosis, demodicosis, Malassezia dermatitis

    Feline Atopy

    • Similar symptoms to canine atopy

    Diagnosing Feline Atopy

    • Similar to canine atopy
    • Chronic acral lick dermatitis

    Top Differentials

    • Flea allergy, food allergy, and mite infestations

    Managing Canine Atopy

    • Referral to a veterinary dermatologist for verification of the diagnosis and advanced medical management

    Managing Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Hypoallergenic diet trial
    • Avoid food ingredients previously administered in dog food, treats, or table scraps
    • Avoid flavored heart-worm preventive, flavored medications, nutritional supplements, or chewable treats

    Managing Feline Atopy

    • Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine)
    • Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos and anti-itch conditioners
    • Systemic antihistamine therapy
    • Oclacitinib (Apoquel) for short-term use

    Feline Atopy Prognosis

    • Good for most cats
    • Lifelong therapy is usually required.

    Canine Atopy

    • Canine atopy is a form of allergic skin disease in dogs.
    • It is caused by an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to environmental allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, and mold.
    • Symptoms can include itching, hair loss, skin redness, and skin infections.
    • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and intradermal allergy testing.
    • Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and minimizing exposure to allergens.

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Canine food hypersensitivity is an adverse reaction to a food or food additive.
    • It can occur at any age, even in dogs that have been eating the same food for years.
    • It is common in dogs and approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age.
    • Symptoms often mimic atopy, including hair loss, skin redness, and itching.
    • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, and a hypoallergenic diet trial.
    • Treatment involves eliminating the offending ingredient from the diet and providing a hypoallergenic alternative.

    Acral Lick Dermatitis (Lick Granuloma)

    • Acral lick dermatitis is a condition characterized by excessive licking of a specific area on a limb, leading to skin damage and inflammation.
    • It is common in dogs, especially middle-aged to older large-breed dogs.
    • The underlying cause is often multifactorial, including environmental stress, boredom, and underlying skin conditions.
    • Symptoms can begin with small areas of dermatitis that gradually enlarge due to persistent licking.
    • Treatment typically involves addressing underlying conditions, managing stress, and using medications to reduce licking and promote healing.

    Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • Flea allergy dermatitis is a common skin condition in dogs, caused by an allergic reaction to flea saliva.
    • It is characterized by intense itching, hair loss, and skin irritation, often concentrated on the back, tail, and hindquarters.
    • Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, and response to flea control measures.
    • Management requires strict flea control, both on the dog and in the environment.
    • Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and controlling the infestation.
    • Effective treatment options include topical and systemic anti-inflammatory medications, along with antihistamines and immunotherapies.

    Distribution Pattern of Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • Flea allergy dermatitis lesions commonly appear caudal to the rib cage, often affecting the lumbar and caudal flank area.
    • Severe cases can lead to "hot spots," characterized by moist, erosive dermatitis and expanding papular rashes.
    • Effective flea control measures are crucial for preventing and managing flea allergy dermatitis.

    Hypersensitivity Disorders

    • Indiscriminate use of steroids or fluoroquinolone antibiotics can increase the risk of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) pyoderma
    • The failure to identify, diagnose, successfully treat, and then prevent secondary bacterial and yeast infections is a significant factor needing improvement in treating allergic skin diseases
    • Resistant infections are quickly becoming a major contagious-zoonotic concern

    Canine Atopy

    • The most common and unique feature of food allergy is perianal dermatitis with or without recurrent otitis
    • Food allergy can manifest in many patterns
    • Dermatohistopathology is not diagnostic for food allergy
    • Food allergy testing is not recommended as results are unreliable
    • Atopic dermatitis has a strong genetic component
    • Breeding dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis should be discouraged
    • For long-term control of canine atopy, approximately 25% of dogs require daily dosing, 50% can be controlled with every-other-day dosing, and approximately 25% can be controlled with twice-weekly dosing.
    • Glucocorticoids can be used initially to speed response.
    • Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine) shows good to excellent response in 60% to 75% of atopic dogs.
    • Clinical improvement is usually noted within 4 to 6 weeks of immunotherapy.
    • Oral essential fatty acid supplements (180 mg EPA/40 mg/kg) help control pruritus in 20% to 50% of cases.
    • Dextromethorphan, an opioid antagonist can manage licking, chewing, and biting behaviors associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs.
    • Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos and anti-itch conditioners and sprays may help reduce clinical symptoms.
    • Systemic antihistamine therapy reduces clinical symptoms in many cases.

    Acral Lick Dermatitis

    • The prognosis for Acral Lick Dermatitis is variable.
    • Chronic lesions that are unresponsive or extensively fibrotic and those for which no underlying cause can be found have a poor prognosis for resolution.
    • This disease is rarely life threatening, but its course may be intractable.
    • CO2 laser resurfacing may be beneficial for refractory, proliferative, or multidrug resistant infections.
    • Laser ablation may help sterilize the lesion and deaden nerve endings, but response is highly variable.

    Human And Animal Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) Infections

    • Dogs can contract MRS from humans and vice versa.
    • Monitor for MRS infections aggressively if family members have a history of MRS or are immunosuppressed.
    • Focus on the most aggressive diagnostic workup and treatments to protect the entire family from contagion and zoonosis.

    Canine Atopic Dermatitis

    • 60% to 75% of atopic dogs respond to immunotherapy (allergy vaccine) with good to excellent results.
    • Clinical improvement with immunotherapy is usually noted within 2 weeks.
    • Approximately 25% require daily dosing for control, 50% can be controlled with every other day dosing, and 25% are controlled with twice-weekly dosing.
    • The prognosis is good, however, lifelong therapy is necessary for control.
    • Relapses (pruritic flare-ups) are common and individualized treatment adjustments may be required.
    • Secondary infections (bacterial, Malassezia, sarcoptic mange, demodicosis), food, flea bite, and recently acquired hypersensitivity to additional environmental allergens should be ruled out in dogs that become poorly controlled.
    • Breeding of dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis is discouraged.

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Symptoms improve within 10 to 12 weeks after initiation of a strict home-cooked or commercially prepared restricted diet.
    • Anecdotal reports show that higher doses (10 mg/kg) of cyclosporine (Atopica) may be beneficial in reducing the allergic immune response and symptoms of food allergy.
    • The prognosis is good.
    • If poorly controlled, rule out owner noncompliance, development of hypersensitivity to an ingredient in the hypoallergenic diet, secondary infection (caused by bacteria, Malassezia, dermatophyte), scabies, demodicosis, atopy, flea allergy dermatitis, and contact hypersensitivity
    • Systemic glucocorticoid therapy may be variably effective but often results in adverse effects including increased risk of MRS infections and immune dysfunction.

    Canine Acral Lick Dermatitis

    • The prognosis is variable, chronic unresponsive or extensively fibrotic lesions and those for which no underlying cause can be found have a poor prognosis.
    • The disease is rarely life threatening, however, its course can be intractable.
    • Laser ablation may help sterilize the lesion and deaden nerve endings, but response is highly variable.
    • CO2 laser resurfacing may be beneficial for refractory, proliferative, or multidrug-resistant infections.

    Canine Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • Flea allergy is one of the most common causes of pruritis (itchiness) in dogs.
    • Flea allergy dermatitis can occur as a result of exposure to a single flea bite.
    • Affected dogs may have localized or generalized pruritus, alopecia (hair loss), and skin lesions.
    • Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical signs, flea control, and intradermal allergy testing.
    • Treatment includes flea control, environmental management, and corticosteroids.
    • The prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment.

    Canine Atopy

    • A hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled or absorbed environmental allergens in genetically predisposed dogs.
    • Common in dogs, with onset from 6 months to 6 years, most commonly between 1 and 3 years of age.
    • Symptoms include skin erythema, pruritus (licking, chewing, scratching) that may be seasonal or nonseasonal.
    • Pruritus typically affects the feet, flanks, groin, axillae, face, and ears.
    • Self-trauma can cause secondary lesions like alopecia, excoriations, hyperpigmentation, and lichenification.
    • Secondary pyoderma, Malassezia dermatitis, and otitis externa are common.

    Diagnosis of Canine Atopy

    • Seasonal foot licking is a unique and typical symptom.
    • Year-round allergens (house dust mites) can cause nonseasonal foot licking.
    • Allergy testing (intradermal, serologic) can be variable and may identify sensitivities to grass, weed, tree, mold, insect, dander, or indoor allergens.

    Treatment of Canine Atopy

    • Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos, anti-itch conditioners, and sprays can help.
    • Systemic antihistamine therapy may be used alone or with glucocorticoids or essential fatty acids.
    • Oral essential fatty acid supplements (180 mg EPA/ 40 mg/kg) can help control pruritus.
    • Dextromethorphan may be used to manage licking, chewing, and biting behaviors associated with allergic dermatitis.
    • Immunotherapy (allergy vaccine) can provide good to excellent results in 60% to 75% of atopic dogs.

    Prognosis of Canine Atopy

    • Good, but lifelong therapy is often needed.
    • Relapses are common, requiring individualized treatment adjustments.
    • Poorly controlled cases may indicate secondary infections, sarcoptic mange, demodicosis, or concurrent food, flea bite, or other hypersensitivities.
    • Breeding dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis is discouraged due to a strong genetic component.

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • An adverse reaction to a food or food additive.
    • Can occur at any age, from recently weaned puppies to elderly dogs.
    • Approximately 30% of dogs diagnosed with food allergy are younger than 1 year of age.
    • Commercial hypoallergenic diets may be ineffective due to sensitivity to preservatives or dyes.

    Diagnosis of Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • A hypoallergenic diet trial is recommended for diagnosis.
    • The diet should exclude ingredients previously ingested, including flavored medications, supplements, and treats.
    • Common food allergens include beef and dairy.

    Treatment of Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Elimination diets are often the most effective treatment.
    • Management involves identifying and avoiding the offending food.
    • Antihistamines can be administered in cases of severe reactions.
    • Identifying the offending food involves a careful history and a systematic elimination diet trial.

    Combination Anesthesia

    • Using multiple drugs at reduced doses with different mechanisms of action to achieve desired anesthesia and analgesia
    • This approach reduces the risk of adverse events compared to using a single drug at a higher dose.

    Allergic Skin Disease Treatment

    • Use multiple therapies targeting different aspects of the pathophysiology.
    • Therapy should be tolerable for the patient and manageable for the owner

    Strategies for Stopping the Itch

    • Bathe pets every 3-7 days with disinfecting and antiseptic shampoo to remove pollens and kill bacteria/yeast.
    • Use ear cleaner or medicine after every bath to prevent allergic otitis progressing to infection.
    • Wipe off feet, chin, and face folds with wipes often to remove pollens, bacteria, and yeast.
    • Use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to reduce pollens, molds, and dust.
    • Treat house dust mite-sensitive dogs with benzyl benzoate for carpets, mattresses, and upholstery once a month, effectively eliminating house dust mites.
    • Discard old dog beds as they accumulate allergens.
    • Dehumidify the house below 40% to decrease house dust mite, mold, and flea antigens.

    Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)

    • Instruct clients not to squirt or spray the allergen solution directly into the patient’s mouth but rather along the inner cheek.
    • If swallowed, SLIT will be ineffective so pets should be prevented from eating or drinking for 20 minutes after administration.
    • Tailor therapy to patient temperament and client lifestyle for better compliance and success.

    Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic (Zoetis)

    • It is an injectable caninized monoclonal antibody that blocks the pruritogenic effects of IL-31.
    • Monthly injection is highly effective at reducing pruritic atopic symptoms with minimal adverse effects.

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Characterized by nonseasonal pruritus that may or may not respond to steroid therapy.
    • Pruritus may be regional or generalized, involving ears, feet, inguinal/axillary areas, face, neck, and perineum.
    • Affected skin is often erythematous with a papular rash, and self-trauma induced lesions can include alopecia, excoriations, scales, crusts, hyperpigmentation, and lichenification.
    • Secondary superficial pyoderma, Malassezia dermatitis, and otitis externa are common.

    Common Food Allergens in Dogs

    • Beef, dairy, chicken, eggs, soy, corn, and wheat.

    Provocative Challenge

    • Recurrence of symptoms within hours to days of reintroduction of suspect allergen into the diet.

    Treatment and Prognosis for Food Allergies

    • Infection prevention: Treat any secondary pyoderma, otitis externa, and Malassezia dermatitis with appropriate therapies.
    • Symptomatic therapy (itch control):
      • Flea control program should be instituted to prevent flea bites from aggravating the pruritus.

    Temaril-P (Trimeprazine and Prednisolone Combination)

    • Provides significant antipruritic effects at a relatively lower dose of prednisolone.
    • One tablet per 10 to 20 kg should be administered every 24 to 48 hours.
    • Dosage should be tapered to the lowest possible dose and frequency.

    Prednisone

    • 0.25 to 1 mg/kg (or methylprednisolone 0.2–0.8 mg/kg) PO should be administered every 24 hours.

    Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • Any dog with lumbar dermatitis or any cat with skin disease should be suspected of having flea allergy dermatitis, even with seemingly good flea control.
    • A nitenpyram trial (every other day for 1 month) can be used to assess the role of flea allergy in pruritic patients.

    Feline Food Hypersensitivity

    • Adverse reaction to food or food additive, occurring at any age.
    • It is less common than flea hypersensitivity in cats, but may be more common than feline atopy.
    • Characterized by nonseasonal pruritus that may or may not respond to glucocorticoid therapy.
    • Pruritus distribution may be localized to the head and neck, or generalized involving the trunk, ventrum, and limbs.
    • Skin lesions can include alopecia, erythema, miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions, excoriations, crusts, and scales.
    • Malassezia or ceruminous otitis externa may be seen.

    Top Differentials for Feline Food Hypersensitivity

    • Flea allergy dermatitis, atopy, mosquito bite hypersensitivity, dermatophytosis, ectoparasites (cheyletiellosis, ear mites, feline scabies, demodicosis), psychogenic alopecia and pemphigus, and cutaneous lymphoma.

    Treatment and Prognosis for Feline Food Hypersensitivity

    • Avoid offending dietary allergen(s)
    • Provide a balanced home-cooked diet or a commercially prepared hypoallergenic diet.

    Combination Therapy for Allergies

    • Using multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action at lower dosages to achieve desired anesthesia and analgesia.
    • This approach reduces the risk of adverse events compared to using a single high dose to achieve the same effect.
    • Similar logic applies to treatment of allergic skin disease, using multiple therapies to address different aspects of the condition.
    • A regimen of therapy that the patient can tolerate and the owner can administer is essential for optimal results.

    Treating Itch in Pets

    • Bathing every 3 to 7 days with disinfecting and antiseptic shampoo to kill bacteria and yeast.
    • Applying ear cleaner or medicine after each bath to prevent allergic otitis from becoming infectious otitis.
    • Wiping off feet, chin, and face folds with wipes frequently, especially before bedtime, to remove pollen, bacteria, and yeast.
    • Topical therapy with antimicrobial shampoos, anti-itch conditioners, and sprays can help reduce clinical symptoms.

    Systemic Treatments for Allergies

    • Systemic antihistamine therapy can reduce clinical symptoms in many cases.
    • Oral essential fatty acid supplements can help control pruritus in 20% to 50% of cases, but may take 8 to 12 weeks to show benefit.
    • Dextromethorphan, an opioid antagonist, can be helpful in managing licking, chewing, and biting behaviors associated with allergic dermatitis.
    • Behavior-modifying drugs can be beneficial, and trial periods of up to 5 weeks may be needed to identify the most effective drug.
    • Alternative medical treatments like cold laser therapy or acupuncture may be beneficial in some patients.
    • Mechanical barriers like wire muzzles, Elizabethan collars, and side braces can also be helpful.

    Treating Food Allergies

    • The most common and unique feature of food allergies is perianal dermatitis with or without recurrent otitis.
    • Food allergies can manifest in various patterns and should be suspected in atypical pruritic patients, even those with recurrent infections without pruritus.

    Diagnosing Food Allergies

    • Dermatohistopathology can reveal varying degrees of superficial perivascular dermatitis.
    • Food allergy testing (intradermal or serologic) is not recommended as test results are unreliable.

    Key Differentials in Food Allergy Diagnosis

    • Demodicosis
    • Dermatophyte kerion
    • Fungal or bacterial granuloma
    • Neoplasia

    Treating Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • An integrated flea management program is essential due to the progressive tolerance of fleas to available adulticides.
    • This program should include insect growth regulators, adulticides, and environmental treatments.

    Systemic Treatment Options for Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • Systemic glucocorticoid therapy, although often effective in controlling pruritus, leads to adverse effects, including increased risk of MRSP infection, PU/PD, and severe immune dysfunction.
    • Long-acting injectable steroids are contraindicated due to their prolonged metabolic and immunodepressive effects.
    • Injectable short-acting steroids provide relief for 2-3 weeks if no concurrent secondary infection occurs.

    Prognosis for Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • Good prognosis if strict flea control is practiced.
    • Fleas can infest other animals and humans.
    • Fleas can carry bloodborne diseases similar to ticks.

    ### Oral Steroids

    • Administer at the lowest possible dose and frequency to control pruritus
    • Frequent or extended use can lead to various adverse effects, including MRS infection, iatrogenic Cushing’s disease, demodicosis, calcinosis cutis, diabetes, UTIs, ruptured cruciate ligaments
    • Best suited for stopping acute pruritic flares

    Cyclosporine (Atopica)

    • Effective and safe treatment for allergic patients
    • Documented disease remission rate for allergic patients over long term
    • Reported adverse events include vomiting, soft stool, anorexia, nodules or cysts, urinary tract infection, gingival hyperplasia, lethargy, reproductive issues, papillomatosis, lymphadenopathy, neurologic issues, urticaria/angioedema
    • Administer at the lowest possible dose and frequency
    • Higher dosing and frequent administration increase the risk of adverse events, including tumors, pyoderma, otitis, vomiting, diarrhea, cystitis, anorexia, lethargy, yeast skin infections, pododermatitis

    Oclacitinib (Apoquel)

    • Best suited for stopping acute pruritic flares
    • Administer at the lowest possible dose and frequency
    • Higher dosing and frequent administration increase the risk of adverse events, including tumors, pyoderma, otitis, vomiting, diarrhea, cystitis, anorexia, lethargy, yeast skin infections, pododermatitis

    ### Canine Atopic Dermatitis Immunotherapeutic (Zoetis)

    • Injectable canine monoclonal antibody that blocks the pruritic effects of IL-31
    • Highly effective at reducing pruritic atopic symptoms with minimal adverse effects
    • Monthly injection

    Overall Goals of Allergy Management

    • Reduce 80% to 90% of itch about 80% to 90% of the time
    • Reduce the frequency of skin and ear infections
    • Limit the use of repeated courses of antimicrobials
    • Limit adverse events associated with allergy management treatments and strategies

    Intradermal Allergy Skin Test

    • Demonstrating the bee sting–like positive reactions
    • Demonstrates more subtle positive and negative reactions to the injected allergens
    • Used for diagnosing canine atopy

    Canine Food Hypersensitivity

    • Adverse reaction to a food or food additive
    • Can occur at any age
    • 30% of dogs diagnosed are younger than 1 year
    • Common in dogs

    Food Allergy Treatment

    • Avoid offending dietary allergen(s)
    • Provide balanced home-cooked diet or commercial hypoallergenic diet
    • Identify offending substances during the challenge phase after food allergy has been confirmed with the dietary trial
    • Add one new food item to the hypoallergenic diet every 2 to 4 weeks
    • Recurrence of clinical symptoms within 7 to 10 days indicates allergenic item
    • 20% of dogs require home-cooked diets to remain symptom-free
    • Commercial hypoallergenic diets may be ineffective for these dogs

    Injectable Short-Acting Steroids (Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate or Prednisolone Acetate)

    • Effective at providing relief
    • Last for 2 to 3 weeks if no concurrent secondary infection occurs
    • Allow closer control and monitoring of steroid use compared to oral treatments

    Long-Term Steroids

    • Monitor patients frequently for liver disease and UTI
    • Use should be stopped due to profound impact on the metabolic and immune systems and legal liability concerns

     Feline Atopy

    • Similar to canine atopy but has its own unique treatment considerations

    Fexofenadine

    • 30-60 mg/cat PO q 24 hours
    • Taper down dosage frequency to every 48 to 72 hours
    • Many cats can be maintained on every-72-hour dosing

    Cyclosporine (Atopica)

    • Well tolerated in cats
    • Few adverse effects
    • Effective at controlling most immunologic causes of feline dermatitis
    • Exception: flea allergy, dermatophytosis, mites

    Immunotherapy (Allergy Vaccine)

    • Indicated if medical therapy is ineffective or unacceptable to the owner or if undesirable adverse effects occur
    • 50% to 70% of atopic cats show favorable responses

    Prognosis of Feline Atopy

    • Good for most cats
    • Lifelong therapy usually required for successful management

    Optimizing Owner Understanding and Compliance

    • Veterinarians face challenges in treating allergic pets due to owner's lack of understanding and difficulty in adhering to treatment protocols.

    • To improve owner compliance and successful treatment outcomes:

      • Encourage owners to complete patient history forms to focus on specific details and prepare them for diagnosis.
      • Avoid generic allergy explanations to avoid confusion. Instead, tailor the conversation to the individual case.
      • Utilize topicals such as shampoos, conditioners, and sprays containing oatmeal, pramoxine, antihistamines or glucocorticoids for 2-7 days as needed.
      • Consider systemic antihistamine therapy, as it can be used alone or in combination with other medications.
      • Supplement with essential fatty acids at 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) / 40 mg / kg for 8-12 weeks as needed.
      • Oral dextromethorphan may help manage licking, chewing, and biting behaviours associated with allergic dermatitis.

    Environmental Management

    • Address allergens with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and charcoal filters within homes.
    • Treat carpets, mattresses, and upholstery with benzyl benzoate for house dust mites.
    • Dehumidify the house to below 40% relative humidity to reduce house dust mites, mold, and flea antigens.

    Medical Management

    • Cyclosporine (Atopica) can control pruritus in 75% of atopic dogs. Dosage is 5 mg/kg PO every 24 hours.
    • Short-acting injectables steroids, such as dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.5–0.8 mg/kg) or prednisolone acetate (0.1–1 mg/kg), can provide 2-3 weeks of relief.
    • Long-acting injectable steroids are contraindicated due to short anti-inflammatory benefits and prolonged side effects.
    • Potential side effects of steroids, including Clomipramine, range from increased risk for MRS infections, mild (PU/PD) to severe (immune dysfunction, demodicosis, and calcinosis cutis).
    • Temaril-P (trimeprazine and prednisolone combination) can provide significant antipruritic effects at a lower prednisolone dose.

    Food Allergues

    • Avoid offending allergens by providing a balanced home-cooked diet or a commercial hypoallergenic diet.
    • Identify the offending allergens through a challenge phase by slowly adding new food items every 2-4 weeks.
    • Monitor clinical symptoms within 7-10 days to identify allergens.

    Food Allergy Treatment

    • Many OTC diets are acceptable for managing pets with food allergies if restricted to non-beef and non-dairy products.
    • Food allergy is a leading cause of unusual clinical symptom patterns in dogs with recurring infections.
    • Poor owner compliance can lead to flare-ups and secondary infections.

    Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • Any dog with lumbar dermatitis or skin disease should be suspected of having flea allergy dermatitis.
    • Nitenpyram trials can be efficient and cost-effective for identifying flea allergies.
    • Fleas are responsible for severe, pruritic dermatitis, especially around the lumbar region and caudal flank areas.

    Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) Infections

    • There is a risk of zoonotic transmission of MRS between dogs and humans and vice versa.
    • Monitor patients (especially those with immunosupression) for signs of MRS infections as dogs can acquire it from humans.
    • For families with a history of MRS, implement aggressive medical management.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Small Animal Dermatology: A Color Atlas and Therapeutic Guide, 4th Edition PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various canine hypersensitivity disorders, including atopy, food hypersensitivity, acral lick dermatitis, and flea allergy dermatitis. This quiz covers clinical signs, causes, and complications associated with these conditions in dogs.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser