Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the branch of medicine that addresses cancer patients and studies their tumors?
What is the branch of medicine that addresses cancer patients and studies their tumors?
Which type of tumor is encapsulated, localized, and limited in size?
Which type of tumor is encapsulated, localized, and limited in size?
Which type of cancer is derived from connective tissue such as bone, fat, and muscle?
Which type of cancer is derived from connective tissue such as bone, fat, and muscle?
What percentage of cancers are carcinomas, which are cancers of epithelial cells?
What percentage of cancers are carcinomas, which are cancers of epithelial cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group of genes is involved in malignant transformation and includes growth factors, receptors, and enzymes?
Which group of genes is involved in malignant transformation and includes growth factors, receptors, and enzymes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of genes encode proteins that prevent the proliferation of mutant cells?
Which type of genes encode proteins that prevent the proliferation of mutant cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cancer involves plasma cells in the bone marrow?
Which type of cancer involves plasma cells in the bone marrow?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used for the tissue in which cells are multiplying abnormally?
What is the term used for the tissue in which cells are multiplying abnormally?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tumors continually increase in size, break through basal laminae, and can invade adjacent tissues?
Which type of tumors continually increase in size, break through basal laminae, and can invade adjacent tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the diseases caused by malignant tumors?
What is the term for the diseases caused by malignant tumors?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cancers involve circulating cells?
Which type of cancers involve circulating cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cancer is derived from blood cells?
Which type of cancer is derived from blood cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells are involved in cancer eradication?
Which cells are involved in cancer eradication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first therapeutic cancer vaccine approved?
What is the first therapeutic cancer vaccine approved?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy?
What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the hallmarks of cancer according to the text?
What are the hallmarks of cancer according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of immunosurveillance in cancer?
What is the role of immunosurveillance in cancer?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main challenge in CAR T cell therapy?
What is the main challenge in CAR T cell therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What are mutagens and carcinogens known to do?
What are mutagens and carcinogens known to do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer immunotherapy?
What is the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of antigen-loaded dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy?
What is the function of antigen-loaded dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of mutant p53 in human cancers?
What is the significance of mutant p53 in human cancers?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between CAR T cells and TCR mentioned in the text?
What is the difference between CAR T cells and TCR mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) in cancer immunotherapy?
What is the role of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) in cancer immunotherapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cancer Immunotherapy: Key Concepts and Approaches
- Over 50% of human cancers involve mutant p53, which requires at least 5-6 independent mutations to become cancerous.
- Cancer can be facilitated by exposure to chemicals, radiation, and viruses, which are mutagens and carcinogens that damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer.
- Hallmarks of cancer include mutations, tumor antigens, and immunosurveillance, which are mechanisms to control and inhibit cancer.
- Immunosurveillance involves three phases: elimination of transformed cells, equilibrium between destruction and survival of cancer cells, and escape leading to rapid growth due to further mutations.
- Cells involved in cancer eradication include NK cells, NKT cells, macrophages, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), B cells, and cytokines.
- The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy.
- Monoclonal antibodies such as Opdivo, Keytruda, Yervoy, and Tecentriq are used in cancer immunotherapy to block inhibitory pathways.
- Antigen-loaded dendritic cells, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are also used in cancer immunotherapy to enhance the immune response.
- Provenge is the first therapeutic cancer vaccine approved, showing a median 4-month increase in life expectancy for prostate cancer.
- CAR T cells have a much stronger affinity than TCR, and they are protected from becoming anergic.
- Challenges in CAR T cell therapy include toxicities and cytokine release syndrome.
- Emerging techniques in CAR T cell therapy include focused ultrasound immunotherapy, which targets diseased tissue while sparing healthy tissue.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of cancer immunotherapy with this quiz covering key concepts and approaches. Explore topics such as tumor antigens, immunosurveillance, monoclonal antibodies, adoptive cell transfer, and emerging techniques in cancer treatment.
