Cancer Biology and Oncogenes

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What is the role of the TP53 gene in the cell?

To convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes

To regulate cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis (correct)

To induce changes in cellular metabolism in favor of proliferation

To promote cell proliferation and growth

What is the result of a loss of function mutation in tumor suppressor genes?

Failure of growth inhibition (correct)

Induction of apoptosis

Increased growth inhibition

Conversion of oncogenes to proto-oncogenes

Which of the following is an example of a growth factor?

TP53

RB

PTEN

PDGF (correct)

What is the effect of oncoproteins on cellular metabolism?

They alter cellular metabolism in favor of proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a gain of function mutation in growth-promoting genes?

Formation of oncoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of oncoproteins?

Growth factor receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the Tp53 gene?

Chromosome 17p13.1 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to p53 when a cell is stressed by DNA damage or hypoxia?

It is phosphorylated by ATM and ATR Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a loss of function mutation in P53?

Cell proliferation without resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of p14/ARF in p53 regulation?

It binds to MDM2 and displaces p53 Signup and view all the answers

Why do rapidly dividing cells need to alter their cellular metabolism?

To harness resources to build cellular components Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible outcome of increased p53 accumulation?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying process by which cancer cells exhibit altered cellular metabolism?

Aerobic Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tumor suppressor genes in relation to cancer?

To inhibit cell growth and division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?

Differentiation into a benign tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of cancer cells to evade programmed cell death (apoptosis)?

Evasion of apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cancer cells exhibit increased glucose uptake and metabolism, even in the presence of oxygen?

Warburg effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mutations that are not necessary for cancer development, but can contribute to the malignant phenotype?

Passenger mutations Signup and view all the answers