Cancer Biology and Genetics

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What is the purpose of the Oncotype Dx Prognostic Assay in breast cancer?

To predict the risk of recurrence in early-stage breast cancer (correct)

To diagnose breast cancer

To determine the optimal adjuvant therapy for breast cancer

To identify the molecular subtype of breast cancer

Which of the following biomarkers is used to predict survival estimates in breast cancer patients?

Oncotype Dx recurrence score

Mammaprint

PREDICT (correct)

Sorlie et al.

What is the primary use of the Mammaprint biomarker in breast cancer?

To guide chemotherapy decisions

To diagnose breast cancer

To predict the risk of recurrence in early-stage breast cancer (correct)

To identify the molecular subtype of breast cancer

What is the role of Sawyers' findings in cancer research?

To understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer development Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of selecting patients for chemotherapy based on DNA tests?

To reduce the risk of recurrence in cancer patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Oncotype Dx recurrence score and clinicopathological variables?

The recurrence score is independent of clinicopathological variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a cancer genome that enables cancer progression?

Genomic variation and mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are capable of self-renewal and proliferation, thereby forming a tumor?

Stem cells and progenitor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of chronic irritation and exposure to DNA-damaging agents, such as PCBs and cigarette smoke condensate?

Irreversible gene and epigenetic changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cancer cells that allows them to evade the immune system and become immortal?

Immune evasion and immortality Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mutations in genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis?

Polygenic disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the process of mutational initiation, where a normal cell becomes a cancer cell?

Integral progression of cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer development?

Genomic variation and mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of non-synonymous changes to protein-coding sequences in a typical individual compared to a reference genome?

5,000-10,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in cancer research?

Identifying genetic variants associated with cancer risk Signup and view all the answers

What type of genomic variation is typically associated with copy number changes?

Copy number variants (CNVs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype in cancer?

Complexity of genotype-phenotype relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated cost of the Human Genome Project, which aimed to sequence the first human genome?

$3 billion Signup and view all the answers

Cancer Biology and Genetics

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Oncotype Dx Prognostic Assay in breast cancer?

Which of the following biomarkers is used to predict survival estimates in breast cancer patients?

What is the primary use of the Mammaprint biomarker in breast cancer?

What is the role of Sawyers' findings in cancer research?

What is the purpose of selecting patients for chemotherapy based on DNA tests?

What is the relationship between the Oncotype Dx recurrence score and clinicopathological variables?

What is the key characteristic of a cancer genome that enables cancer progression?

Which type of cells are capable of self-renewal and proliferation, thereby forming a tumor?

What is the outcome of chronic irritation and exposure to DNA-damaging agents, such as PCBs and cigarette smoke condensate?

What is the characteristic of cancer cells that allows them to evade the immune system and become immortal?

What is the result of mutations in genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis?

What is the outcome of the process of mutational initiation, where a normal cell becomes a cancer cell?

What is the primary mechanism by which proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer development?

What is the estimated number of non-synonymous changes to protein-coding sequences in a typical individual compared to a reference genome?

What is the primary goal of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in cancer research?

What type of genomic variation is typically associated with copy number changes?

What is the primary challenge in understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype in cancer?

What is the estimated cost of the Human Genome Project, which aimed to sequence the first human genome?

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