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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a type of cancer that affects the lining of internal organs or skin?
Which of the following is a type of cancer that affects the lining of internal organs or skin?
Cancer cells are able to divide uncontrollably because they disregard their genetic programming and lose their specialization.
Cancer cells are able to divide uncontrollably because they disregard their genetic programming and lose their specialization.
True (A)
What is the basic unit of life?
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
The ______ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells and removing waste products.
The ______ system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells and removing waste products.
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Match the following organ systems with their primary functions:
Match the following organ systems with their primary functions:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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Females have a higher chance of developing cancer than males.
Females have a higher chance of developing cancer than males.
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Describe the role of the digestive system in maintaining the body's health.
Describe the role of the digestive system in maintaining the body's health.
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Which organelle is responsible for converting the energy found in nutrients into a form usable by the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for converting the energy found in nutrients into a form usable by the cell?
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Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
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What are the four nitrogen-containing bases found in DNA?
What are the four nitrogen-containing bases found in DNA?
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The ______ is the location within an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.
The ______ is the location within an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.
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Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
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Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?
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The genetic information stored in DNA is organized into units called genes, which provide instructions for forming specific proteins.
The genetic information stored in DNA is organized into units called genes, which provide instructions for forming specific proteins.
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What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?
What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?
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What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?
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The genetic code is organized into a series of three-base units called codons, each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
The genetic code is organized into a series of three-base units called codons, each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
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What is the name of the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into an mRNA molecule?
What is the name of the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into an mRNA molecule?
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The ______ structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids.
The ______ structure of a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids.
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Match the following protein structure levels with their descriptions:
Match the following protein structure levels with their descriptions:
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Flashcards
Cancer
Cancer
A cellular disease due to uncontrolled cell division.
Melanoma
Melanoma
A type of cancer that affects the skin.
Leukemia
Leukemia
Cancer affecting white blood cells in the bone marrow.
Carcinoma
Carcinoma
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Sarcoma
Sarcoma
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Lymphoma
Lymphoma
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Gene Expression
Gene Expression
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Transcription
Transcription
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Translation
Translation
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Codon
Codon
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Protein Structures
Protein Structures
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane
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Enzymes
Enzymes
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DNA
DNA
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Genome
Genome
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Study Notes
Cancer
- Cancer is a cellular disorder caused by the body's inability to control cell division.
- Different types of cancer affect different parts of the body: melanoma (skin), leukemia (bone marrow white blood cells), carcinoma (internal organs or skin lining), sarcoma (bone or connective tissue), and lymphoma (immune system cells).
- Cancer begins when a group of cells ignore their genetic programming, lose their specialization, and divide uncontrollably.
- Cancer can impact the functioning of the body's organ systems.
Physiology
- Physiology is the normal function of cells, organs, or organ systems.
Nervous System
- The nervous system coordinates and regulates the functions of other body systems, responding rapidly to both internal and external stimuli.
Endocrine System
- Endocrine glands produce hormones that regulate and coordinate different systems, working more slowly than the nervous system.
Respiratory System
- This system provides tissues with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood, as well as regulates the blood's pH.
Cardiovascular System
- This system transports nutrients and oxygen to tissues, and removes waste products, along with hormones secreted by the endocrine system.
Digestive System
- The digestive system supplies nutrients and water to tissues and removes undigested waste material.
Urinary System
- This system eliminates waste products and regulates the water and electrolyte balance of the blood.
Lymphatic System
- The lymphatic system maintains blood volume, collects excess fluid, defends against disease.
Muscular System
- The muscular system maintains body temperature, supports and protects organs, and facilitates movement.
Cells
- Cells are the fundamental units of life, and have the ability to acquire materials and energy, respond to their environment, reproduce, maintain an internal environment, and adapt to changes.
- Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria
- Eukaryotic cells are found in animals, plants, and fungi.
Organelles
- Organelles within cells are specialized membrane-bound compartments that carry out specific functions.
- Organelles allow compartments to specify and regulate chemical reactions.
- Nucleus - Contains genetic information.
- Ribosomes - Sites of protein synthesis.
- Mitochondria - Produce energy.
Nucleic Acids - DNA
- DNA is a nucleic acid composed of nucleotides.
- A nucleotide contains a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
- DNA exists as a double helix formed by complementary base-pairing between strands.
- Genome - the complete set of genetic information in a cell.
Gene Expression
- Gene expression is the process where cells use information in DNA to produce proteins.
- DNA holds instructions for making proteins.
- Protein production happens outside of the nucleus, in the cytoplasm of cells.
Transcription
- Transcription converts DNA information into mRNA.
- RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and creates a complementary mRNA strand.
Translation
- Translation converts mRNA into protein.
- Ribosomes read the mRNA codons and link amino acids together into chains to create a protein. .
Protein Structure
- Protein structure involves the arrangement of amino acids.
- Primary structure - linear sequence of amino acids.
- Secondary structure - amino acid interactions (alpha-helices and beta-sheets).
- Tertiary structure - three-dimensional structure of the folded protein.
- Quaternary structure - interaction of multiple protein chains.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body.
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Description
Explore the complex relationship between cancer and the body's various organ systems in this quiz. Understand how cancer arises from cellular dysfunction and affects physiological processes. Test your knowledge on the roles of the nervous, endocrine, and respiratory systems in maintaining health.
