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Questions and Answers
The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
failure of the testis to make their normal descent
Which of the following is true about the role of the dartos and cremaster muscles?
Which of the following is true about the role of the dartos and cremaster muscles?
- They provide structural support to the testes.
- They allow for the passage of sperm.
- They stimulate testosterone production.
- They regulate the temperature of the testes. (correct)
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
interstitial cells
The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________.
The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________.
Erection of the penis results from ________.
Erection of the penis results from ________.
Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?
Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?
Select the correct statement about testosterone control.
Select the correct statement about testosterone control.
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________.
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________.
A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.
A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.
Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
All but one of the following statements is true of uterine function. Select the statement that is not true of uterine function.
All but one of the following statements is true of uterine function. Select the statement that is not true of uterine function.
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.
Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.
Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.
Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?
Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?
Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?
Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?
Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?
Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?
Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?
Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.
Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?
Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?
In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________.
In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________.
The oral contraceptive pill, informally called 'the pill' contains an estrogen and progesterone or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones taken in the pill and circulating in the blood work because.
The oral contraceptive pill, informally called 'the pill' contains an estrogen and progesterone or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones taken in the pill and circulating in the blood work because.
Effects of estrogen include ________.
Effects of estrogen include ________.
Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.
Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.
Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.
Normally menstruation occurs when ________.
Normally menstruation occurs when ________.
Which of the following will occur immediately after ovulation?
Which of the following will occur immediately after ovulation?
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?
All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.
All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.
Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?
Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?
Flashcards
Testicular Descent Failure
Testicular Descent Failure
A condition where the testes do not descend normally, increasing risk of testicular cancer in young males.
Dartos and Cremaster Muscles
Dartos and Cremaster Muscles
Muscles that regulate testicular temperature, maintaining proper conditions for sperm production.
Testosterone Production Site
Testosterone Production Site
Interstitial cells within the testes produce testosterone.
Male Reproductive Duct System
Male Reproductive Duct System
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Erection Mechanism
Erection Mechanism
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Ejaculation and Urinary Bladder
Ejaculation and Urinary Bladder
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Gamete Chromosome Count
Gamete Chromosome Count
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (HPG)
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (HPG)
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GnRH Function
GnRH Function
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Anterior Pituitary Injury, FSH
Anterior Pituitary Injury, FSH
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Low LH in Males
Low LH in Males
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Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropin Stimulators
Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropin Stimulators
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Fertilization Site
Fertilization Site
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Ovulated Oocytes Recipients
Ovulated Oocytes Recipients
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Vagina Functions
Vagina Functions
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Uterine Tube Anatomy
Uterine Tube Anatomy
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Homologous Structures (Female/Male)
Homologous Structures (Female/Male)
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Mammary Gland Type
Mammary Gland Type
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Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis
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Polar Bodies Origin
Polar Bodies Origin
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Identical Twins Formation
Identical Twins Formation
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Oral Contraceptives Mechanism
Oral Contraceptives Mechanism
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Estrogen Effect
Estrogen Effect
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Testosterone Functions
Testosterone Functions
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Secretory Phase of Menstrual Cycle
Secretory Phase of Menstrual Cycle
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Study Notes
Testicular Cancer Risks
- Major risk factor for testicular cancer in young males is failure of the testes to descend normally.
Dartos and Cremaster Muscles
- These muscles maintain testicular integrity by regulating temperature.
Testosterone Production
- Testosterone is produced by interstitial cells located in the testes.
Male Reproductive Duct System
- The corpus spongiosum is not part of the male duct system; it includes the epididymis, urethra, and ductus deferens.
Erection Mechanism
- Erection occurs through a parasympathetic reflex that promotes blood flow to the penis.
Ejaculation and Urinary Bladder
- Semen does not enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation due to the closure of the smooth muscle sphincter at the bladder's base.
Gamete Chromosome Count
- Human egg and sperm both carry the same number of chromosomes, ensuring genetic consistency.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
- The thalamus is not part of this axis; correct components include the hypothalamus, interstitial endocrine cells, and the anterior pituitary gland.
Testosterone Control Mechanics
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus prompts FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.
Puberty and Anterior Pituitary Injury
- If FSH is absent due to anterior pituitary injury, the individual would likely be sterile despite normal LH levels.
Effects of Low Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Reduced LH secretion in adult males results in decreased testosterone secretion.
Stimulators of Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropins
- GnRH is responsible for stimulating the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary.
Uterine Function
- The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is not the typical fertilization site; fertilization usually occurs in the uterine tubes.
Structures Receiving Ovulated Oocytes
- Uterine tubes serve as the site for fertilization by capturing ovulated oocytes.
Fertilization Location
- Fertilization typically takes place within the uterine tube.
Vagina Functions
- The vagina serves as a birth canal, a passageway for menstrual flow, and receives semen but does not provide passage for primary oocytes.
Uterine Tubes Anatomy
- The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped section of the uterine tubes closest to the ovary.
Homologous Structures
- The labia majora in females are homologous to the male scrotum.
Mammary Glands
- Mammary glands are modified sweat glands and represent part of the integumentary system.
Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis
- Oogenesis results in one mature ovum, while spermatogenesis yields four mature sperm from the parent cell.
Origin of Polar Bodies
- Following fertilization, one polar body arises from the initial ovum division, and the first polar body can further divide to create two more polar bodies.
Identical Twins Formation
- Identical twins result from the separation of cells at the two-cell stage post-fertilization.
Oral Contraceptives Mechanism
- Oral contraceptives contain hormones that mimic pregnancy effects and prevent ovulation.
Effects of Estrogen
- Estrogen promotes breast growth during puberty.
Testosterone Functions
- Testosterone drives male sexual behavior, spermatogenesis, protein synthesis, and male pattern development, but does not stimulate mammary gland development.
Secretory Phase of Menstrual Cycle
- During this phase, progesterone levels peak, indicating readiness for potential implantation.
Uterine Cycle Accuracy
- If fertilization occurs, a hormone from the embryo maintains the corpus luteum.
Menstruation Triggers
- Menstruation results from decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone.
Post-Ovulation Changes
- Immediately following ovulation, the endometrium enters its secretory phase, preparing for potential embryo implantation.
Endometrium Rebuilding
- Rebuilding of the endometrium occurs due to estrogen and progesterone, not controlled by prolactin.
Uterine Cycle Statements
- FSH and LH do not directly promote uterine endometrium development; their primary roles relate to ovarian function.
Simultaneous Processes in Female Cycle
- Regression of the corpus luteum coincides with reduced ovarian progesterone secretion.
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