Physiology Chapter 27 Quiz

Questions and Answers

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.

failure of the testis to make their normal descent

Which of the following is true about the role of the dartos and cremaster muscles?

They provide structural support to the testes.

They allow for the passage of sperm.

They stimulate testosterone production.

They regulate the temperature of the testes. (correct)

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.

interstitial cells

The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________.

Corpus spongiosum Signup and view all the answers

Erection of the penis results from ________.

a parasympathetic reflex Signup and view all the answers

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?

The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes. Signup and view all the answers

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.

they have the same number of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about testosterone control.

GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary. Signup and view all the answers

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________.

be sterile Signup and view all the answers

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.

decreased testosterone secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?

GnRH Signup and view all the answers

All but one of the following statements is true of uterine function. Select the statement that is not true of uterine function.

The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization. Signup and view all the answers

The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.

uterine tubes Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.

Uterine tube Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?

Serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?

The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?

Labia majora Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?

The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system. Signup and view all the answers

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.

in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell Signup and view all the answers

Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?

The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. Signup and view all the answers

In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________.

genetically identical Signup and view all the answers

The oral contraceptive pill, informally called 'the pill' contains an estrogen and progesterone or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones taken in the pill and circulating in the blood work because.

The hormones cause the woman's body to mimic the activities of a pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation. Signup and view all the answers

Effects of estrogen include ________.

Growth of the breasts at puberty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?

Stimulates mammary gland development Signup and view all the answers

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.

Progesterone levels are at their highest Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.

If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo. Signup and view all the answers

Normally menstruation occurs when ________.

Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following will occur immediately after ovulation?

The endometrium enters its secretory phase. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?

Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. Signup and view all the answers

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.

FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?

Regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Testicular Cancer Risks

Major risk factor for testicular cancer in young males is failure of the testes to descend normally.

Dartos and Cremaster Muscles

These muscles maintain testicular integrity by regulating temperature.

Testosterone Production

Testosterone is produced by interstitial cells located in the testes.

Male Reproductive Duct System

The corpus spongiosum is not part of the male duct system; it includes the epididymis, urethra, and ductus deferens.

Erection Mechanism

Erection occurs through a parasympathetic reflex that promotes blood flow to the penis.

Ejaculation and Urinary Bladder

Semen does not enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation due to the closure of the smooth muscle sphincter at the bladder's base.

Gamete Chromosome Count

Human egg and sperm both carry the same number of chromosomes, ensuring genetic consistency.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

The thalamus is not part of this axis; correct components include the hypothalamus, interstitial endocrine cells, and the anterior pituitary gland.

Testosterone Control Mechanics

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus prompts FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.

Puberty and Anterior Pituitary Injury

If FSH is absent due to anterior pituitary injury, the individual would likely be sterile despite normal LH levels.

Effects of Low Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Reduced LH secretion in adult males results in decreased testosterone secretion.

Stimulators of Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropins

GnRH is responsible for stimulating the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary.

Uterine Function

The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is not the typical fertilization site; fertilization usually occurs in the uterine tubes.

Structures Receiving Ovulated Oocytes

Uterine tubes serve as the site for fertilization by capturing ovulated oocytes.

Fertilization Location

Fertilization typically takes place within the uterine tube.

Vagina Functions

The vagina serves as a birth canal, a passageway for menstrual flow, and receives semen but does not provide passage for primary oocytes.

Uterine Tubes Anatomy

The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped section of the uterine tubes closest to the ovary.

Homologous Structures

The labia majora in females are homologous to the male scrotum.

Mammary Glands

Mammary glands are modified sweat glands and represent part of the integumentary system.

Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis

Oogenesis results in one mature ovum, while spermatogenesis yields four mature sperm from the parent cell.

Origin of Polar Bodies

Following fertilization, one polar body arises from the initial ovum division, and the first polar body can further divide to create two more polar bodies.

Identical Twins Formation

Identical twins result from the separation of cells at the two-cell stage post-fertilization.

Oral Contraceptives Mechanism

Oral contraceptives contain hormones that mimic pregnancy effects and prevent ovulation.

Effects of Estrogen

Estrogen promotes breast growth during puberty.

Testosterone Functions

Testosterone drives male sexual behavior, spermatogenesis, protein synthesis, and male pattern development, but does not stimulate mammary gland development.

Secretory Phase of Menstrual Cycle

During this phase, progesterone levels peak, indicating readiness for potential implantation.

Uterine Cycle Accuracy

If fertilization occurs, a hormone from the embryo maintains the corpus luteum.

Menstruation Triggers

Menstruation results from decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone.

Post-Ovulation Changes

Immediately following ovulation, the endometrium enters its secretory phase, preparing for potential embryo implantation.

Endometrium Rebuilding

Rebuilding of the endometrium occurs due to estrogen and progesterone, not controlled by prolactin.

Uterine Cycle Statements

FSH and LH do not directly promote uterine endometrium development; their primary roles relate to ovarian function.

Simultaneous Processes in Female Cycle

Regression of the corpus luteum coincides with reduced ovarian progesterone secretion.

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Description

Test your knowledge of male reproductive physiology with this multiple-choice quiz based on Chapter 27. Explore key concepts such as the risk factors for testicular cancer and the role of important muscles in temperature regulation. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of this critical topic.