Canadian Indigenous Rights and History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What led to the establishment of the Alberta Federation of Métis Settlement Associations in 1975?

The closure of two Métis colonies in central Alberta

The dissatisfaction with the independent dealings of each Métis settlement with the provincial government (correct)

The confiscation of files by the provincial Department of Social Services

The legal action initiated by the Métis for oil and gas revenues

What was a weakness of the Métis settlements in Alberta?

They held their lands on leases without an underlying title (correct)

They had insufficient oil and gas revenues

They lacked coordination among the settlements

They were unable to file legal actions against the government

What was the outcome of the legal action initiated by the Métis in 1979 for oil and gas revenues?

The provincial ombudsman ruled in favor of the Métis, awarding them $500 million

The ombudsman determined the dispute was poorly managed and the Métis deserved an apology (correct)

The Alberta Federation of Métis Settlement Associations was dissolved

Files relevant to the lawsuit were confiscated by the provincial Department of Social Services

What was the role of the Alberta Federation of Métis Settlement Associations?

To coordinate administration and prevent further closures of settlements Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the 1951 Indian Act have on Native women who married non-Natives?

They were stripped of their band status and treaty rights Signup and view all the answers

What positive change did the 1951 Indian Act bring for Native women?

It granted them the right to vote for band councils Signup and view all the answers

How is the 1951 Indian Act generally viewed in terms of its impact on Indian policy?

It marked a shift in government measures aimed at assimilating Indians Signup and view all the answers

Who led the committee to review the Métis Betterment Act?

Grant MacEwan Signup and view all the answers

In 1989, how much cash settlement did the Alberta government agree to for the Métis over 17 years?

$310 million Signup and view all the answers

What did the 1985 amendment (Bill C-31) result in?

Eligibility for status reinstatement Signup and view all the answers

What did the government do to address overcrowding on reserves and acknowledge complexities of Indigenous identities?

Redefined Indigenous Peoples into two categories Signup and view all the answers

Who facilitated peace between the Cree and Chipewyan in the 17th century?

Thanadelthur Signup and view all the answers

What did the Enfranchisement Act of 1869 lead to?

Creation of the 'non-status Indian' category Signup and view all the answers

What did the 1990s legislation establish?

Métis land base and local government Signup and view all the answers

What did the government grant to the Métis in 1989?

Title to 512,000 hectares of land Signup and view all the answers

What did the 2010 Bill C-3 result in?

Changes related to Indian Act discriminatory provisions Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following did the Alberta government remove responsibility for the Métis?

Social Services Signup and view all the answers

Who fought against discriminatory provisions in the Indian Act?

Mary Two-Axe Earley Signup and view all the answers

What did Mary Inderwick express a desire for in relation to the Indigenous population?

Isolation in the mountains Signup and view all the answers

What did Mary Inderwick disapprove of in Fort Macleod?

A ball that excluded Indigenous women but allowed half-breeds to attend Signup and view all the answers

What did Mary Inderwick offer to help some local men with?

Find wives from the east Signup and view all the answers

What did Mary Inderwick not consider in terms of companionship?

The companionship of Indigenous women Signup and view all the answers

What did government officials blame for raising dust and diseases like tuberculosis?

Indigenous people's dancing Signup and view all the answers

What did administrators attribute high infant mortality to?

Indifferent care of mothers Signup and view all the answers

What did government officials promote a negative image of Indigenous women to divert criticism from?

Their policies Signup and view all the answers

What did Samuel Trivett's remarks trigger a controversy about in 1886?

Licentious behavior among government officials in Western Canada Signup and view all the answers

Who criticized Indian Affairs for unprincipled behavior of officials?

Malcolm Cameron, a Member of Parliament Signup and view all the answers

Who raised concerns about NWMP officers' inappropriate behavior with Indigenous women in 1878?

Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Territories Signup and view all the answers

What did the Mail newspaper report about NWMP in relation to Indigenous girls in 1886?

NWMP had openly lived with Indigenous girls they had purchased from their parents Signup and view all the answers

What did the Alberta government agree to in 1989 for the Métis over 17 years?

Cash settlement Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the legal action initiated by the Métis in 1979 for oil and gas revenues?

The government granted cash to the Métis Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Canadian Pacific Railway completion in Alberta in 1883?

It coincided with the arrival of female immigrants like Mary Inderwick Signup and view all the answers

What did the Canadian government increasingly adopt towards Indigenous people in the Canadian West?

Segregationist policies Signup and view all the answers

What did the federal government pursue after the transfer of Hudson's Bay Company territories to Canada in 1870?

Displacing Indigenous inhabitants and facilitating Euro-Canadian agricultural settlement in the West Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the completion of a transcontinental railway in 1885?

It played a crucial role in opening the West to Euro-Canadian settlement Signup and view all the answers

What did the Canadian government negotiate with Indigenous people between 1871 and 1877?

Seven treaties, effectively acquiring legal control over most of the Western land Signup and view all the answers

What was the population difference between Indigenous and Métis population and Euro-Canadian arrivals in Alberta in 1885?

The Indigenous and Métis population exceeded 9,500, while recent Euro-Canadian arrivals numbered only 4,900 Signup and view all the answers

What did influential leaders, national media, and government officials propagate about Aboriginal women to explain poverty and poor health conditions on reserves?

Negative stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

What did the failure of agriculture on reserves unjustly attribute to?

The perceived cultural traits and temperament of Aboriginal women Signup and view all the answers

What became deeply ingrained in the consciousness of influential socio-economic groups in the Prairies?

Negative stereotypes of Indigenous women Signup and view all the answers

What did the Canadian government focus on depicting Indigenous women as?

Dissolute, dangerous, and sinister figures Signup and view all the answers

What did the arrival of female immigrants like Mary Inderwick coincide with?

Significant developments including the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway in Alberta in 1883 Signup and view all the answers

What did Lieutenant-Governor Dewdney advise missionaries against doing?

Voicing accusations to newspapers Signup and view all the answers

What did early NWMP recruits form with Indigenous and Métis women?

Both long-standing and temporary marriages Signup and view all the answers

Who was involved in romantic entanglements and disputes with Indigenous women, leading to resignations and remarriages?

NWMP officers like Cecil Denny and D.J. Grier Signup and view all the answers

What did Aboriginal women's accusations of assault or rape by policemen often face?

Dismissal Signup and view all the answers

What did critics blame Aboriginal women's behavior for?

Immorality and being accustomed to contemptuous treatment Signup and view all the answers

What was the narrative of marriage in Plains societies used for?

Deflecting criticism from government officials and the NWMP Signup and view all the answers

What did government officials investigate reports of misconduct often leading to?

Cover-ups or mitigations of allegations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applies to several government employees killed at Frog Lake and Battleford?

Resentment and retaliation Signup and view all the answers

What did supporters of the NWMP emphasize to deflect criticism from government officials?

The loose morals of Aboriginal women Signup and view all the answers

What did Superintendent William D. Jarvis do to his customary wife, Iteskawin?

Abused her Signup and view all the answers

What did NWMP officers like John McLean criticize government officials for?

Incompetence Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the pass system introduced for Aboriginal people?

To prevent Aboriginal women from leaving reserves for engaging in prostitution Signup and view all the answers

What was the prevailing image of Aboriginal women in non-Aboriginal society?

Immoral and corrupting influences Signup and view all the answers

What did an 1886 immigrant advice pamphlet reassure newcomers about regarding Aboriginal people?

That they rarely encountered Aboriginal people Signup and view all the answers

What did the perception of Aboriginal women as prostitutes lead to?

Imposition of informal and formal constraints further marginalizing Aboriginal people Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary significance of Liza's presence in the community?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What did Liza's presence on the outskirts of the settlement represent?

The opposite of what was perceived as 'civilized' Prairie society Signup and view all the answers

What was the symbolic importance of Liza's presence?

Exemplifying a recurring pattern in which the emerging Western society sought to solidify its identity Signup and view all the answers

What did Liza's presence symbolize in relation to the Euro-Canadian newcomers' belief?

Reinforcement of their cultural and moral superiority Signup and view all the answers

What did Liza's presence exemplify in the emerging Western society?

A recurring pattern of contrasting itself with Indigenous people Signup and view all the answers

What did Liza's solitary life represent on the outskirts of the settlement?

A reinforcement of the Euro-Canadian newcomers' belief in their cultural and moral superiority Signup and view all the answers

What did Liza's presence challenge in the Prairie society?

Conventional norms of behavior, dress, and cleanliness Signup and view all the answers

What did the town authorities provide Liza with?

Food from time to time Signup and view all the answers

How was Liza's presence tolerated by the community?

She was somewhat tolerated and received occasional assistance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Canadian Indigenous Rights and History

The Alberta government transitioned responsibility for the Métis from Social Services to Municipal Affairs and established a committee led by Grant MacEwan to review the Métis Betterment Act.
MacEwan's 1984 report strongly advocated for self-government and recommended transferring title to Métis lands to the settlements, leading to partial implementation of changes by the province.
In 1989, the Alberta government granted title to 512,000 hectares of land, approved limited self-government, and agreed to a $310 million cash settlement over 17 years for the Métis.
Legislation in the 1990s established a Métis land base, local government, and provided funding for social services and programs, while mineral rights remained under federal government authority.
Indigenous women's rights activists like Mary Two-Axe Earley and Nellie Carlson fought against discriminatory provisions in the Indian Act, resulting in changes such as the 1985 amendment (Bill C-31) and the 2010 Bill C-3.
After the 1985 amendment, around 50,000 individuals became eligible for status reinstatement, with the number of applicants reaching 42,000 by the following year and 100,000 by 1997.
The government redefined Indigenous Peoples into two categories: those federally registered and those accepted as band members to address overcrowding on reserves and acknowledge complexities of Indigenous identities.
The text discusses the life and historical significance of Thanadelthur, a Chipewyan woman who facilitated peace between the Cree and Chipewyan in the 17th century.
Thanadelthur played a crucial role in history by escaping from the Cree and facilitating direct trade between the Chipewyan and the English, ultimately brokering peace between the two First Nations.
Section 12(1)(b) of the Indian Act and the historical discrimination against Indian women are introduced, particularly the Enfranchisement Act of 1869, which led to the creation of the 'non-status Indian' category.
Indian women involuntarily lost their status upon marrying non-Indians, despite still identifying as Indians, leading to limited support for change when the issue was examined in 1946.
This section of the Indian Act and historical discrimination contributed to the continued fight for Indigenous women's rights, represented by activists like Sharon McIvor.

Government's Negative Portrayal of Indigenous Women

Government officials depicted Plains women as idle, gossipy, and preferring tents over proper housing for socializing.
Superintendent General of Indian Affairs blamed Indigenous people for raising dust with their dancing and attributed diseases like tuberculosis to women's failure to clean.
Administrators attributed high infant mortality to indifferent care of mothers, leading to neglected and rebellious children.
Women were portrayed as obstructing progress toward modernization and hindering men's advancement.
Unofficial reports recognized housing and health problems were due to poverty, forcing overcrowded living conditions.
Government officials promoted a negative image of Indigenous women to divert criticism from their policies.
Samuel Trivett's remarks triggered a controversy in 1886 about licentious behavior among government officials in Western Canada.
Malcolm Cameron, a Member of Parliament, criticized Indian Affairs for unprincipled behavior of officials.
Cameron implicated North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) in improper behavior and questioned their high venereal disease rates.
Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Territories had raised concerns about NWMP officers' inappropriate behavior with Indigenous women in 1878.
Reports of NWMP officers living in concubinage with Indigenous women persisted, leading to public attention on their behavior in 1886.
The Mail newspaper reported that NWMP had openly lived with Indigenous girls they had purchased from their parents, raising ongoing concerns about their conduct.

Challenges Faced by Aboriginal Women in the North-West Territories

Missionaries like John McLean criticized government officials for incompetence and urged hiring married men with a "sterling Christian character."
Lieutenant-Governor Dewdney instructed missionaries not to voice their accusations to newspapers, fearing harm to their mission work and exploitation for political purposes.
Government officials investigated reports of misconduct themselves, often leading to cover-ups or mitigations of such allegations.
Early NWMP recruits formed relationships with Indigenous and Métis women, leading to both long-standing and temporary marriages.
NWMP officers like Cecil Denny and D.J. Grier were involved in romantic entanglements and disputes with Indigenous women, leading to resignations and remarriages.
Superintendent William D. Jarvis abused his customary wife, Iteskawin, leading to strained community relations.
Aboriginal women's accusations of assault or rape by policemen were often dismissed, and some government employees abused their positions of authority.
Chief Crowfoot and his wife reported a farm instructor demanding sexual favors from a young girl for rations, leading to his dismissal.
Several government employees were resented for their brutal treatment of Aboriginal women and were killed in retaliation.
Critics blamed Aboriginal women's behavior for immorality, claiming they were accustomed to being treated with contempt and bought and sold as commodities within their society.
Supporters of the NWMP emphasized the loose morals of Aboriginal women, deflecting criticism from government officials and the NWMP.
The narrative of marriage in Plains societies as depicted by The Gazette was used to deflect criticism from government officials and the NWMP.

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Test your knowledge of Canadian Indigenous rights and history with this quiz. Explore the legislative changes, land rights, and activism that have shaped the experiences of Métis and Indigenous women in Canada.

Canadian Indigenous Rights and History Quiz

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What led to the establishment of the Alberta Federation of Métis Settlement Associations in 1975?

What was a weakness of the Métis settlements in Alberta?

What was the outcome of the legal action initiated by the Métis in 1979 for oil and gas revenues?

What was the role of the Alberta Federation of Métis Settlement Associations?

What impact did the 1951 Indian Act have on Native women who married non-Natives?

What positive change did the 1951 Indian Act bring for Native women?

How is the 1951 Indian Act generally viewed in terms of its impact on Indian policy?

Who led the committee to review the Métis Betterment Act?

In 1989, how much cash settlement did the Alberta government agree to for the Métis over 17 years?

What did the 1985 amendment (Bill C-31) result in?

What did the government do to address overcrowding on reserves and acknowledge complexities of Indigenous identities?

Who facilitated peace between the Cree and Chipewyan in the 17th century?

What did the Enfranchisement Act of 1869 lead to?

What did the 1990s legislation establish?

What did the government grant to the Métis in 1989?

What did the 2010 Bill C-3 result in?

For which of the following did the Alberta government remove responsibility for the Métis?

Who fought against discriminatory provisions in the Indian Act?

What did Mary Inderwick express a desire for in relation to the Indigenous population?

What did Mary Inderwick disapprove of in Fort Macleod?

What did Mary Inderwick offer to help some local men with?

What did Mary Inderwick not consider in terms of companionship?

What did government officials blame for raising dust and diseases like tuberculosis?

What did administrators attribute high infant mortality to?

What did government officials promote a negative image of Indigenous women to divert criticism from?

What did Samuel Trivett's remarks trigger a controversy about in 1886?

Who criticized Indian Affairs for unprincipled behavior of officials?

Who raised concerns about NWMP officers' inappropriate behavior with Indigenous women in 1878?

What did the Mail newspaper report about NWMP in relation to Indigenous girls in 1886?

What did the Alberta government agree to in 1989 for the Métis over 17 years?

What was the outcome of the legal action initiated by the Métis in 1979 for oil and gas revenues?

What was the role of the Canadian Pacific Railway completion in Alberta in 1883?

What did the Canadian government increasingly adopt towards Indigenous people in the Canadian West?

What did the federal government pursue after the transfer of Hudson's Bay Company territories to Canada in 1870?

What was the impact of the completion of a transcontinental railway in 1885?

What did the Canadian government negotiate with Indigenous people between 1871 and 1877?

What was the population difference between Indigenous and Métis population and Euro-Canadian arrivals in Alberta in 1885?

What did influential leaders, national media, and government officials propagate about Aboriginal women to explain poverty and poor health conditions on reserves?

What did the failure of agriculture on reserves unjustly attribute to?

What became deeply ingrained in the consciousness of influential socio-economic groups in the Prairies?

What did the Canadian government focus on depicting Indigenous women as?

What did the arrival of female immigrants like Mary Inderwick coincide with?

What did Lieutenant-Governor Dewdney advise missionaries against doing?

What did early NWMP recruits form with Indigenous and Métis women?

Who was involved in romantic entanglements and disputes with Indigenous women, leading to resignations and remarriages?

What did Aboriginal women's accusations of assault or rape by policemen often face?

What did critics blame Aboriginal women's behavior for?

What was the narrative of marriage in Plains societies used for?

What did government officials investigate reports of misconduct often leading to?

Which of the following applies to several government employees killed at Frog Lake and Battleford?

What did supporters of the NWMP emphasize to deflect criticism from government officials?

What did Superintendent William D. Jarvis do to his customary wife, Iteskawin?

What did NWMP officers like John McLean criticize government officials for?

What was the primary purpose of the pass system introduced for Aboriginal people?

What was the prevailing image of Aboriginal women in non-Aboriginal society?

What did an 1886 immigrant advice pamphlet reassure newcomers about regarding Aboriginal people?

What did the perception of Aboriginal women as prostitutes lead to?

What was the primary significance of Liza's presence in the community?

What did Liza's presence on the outskirts of the settlement represent?

What was the symbolic importance of Liza's presence?

What did Liza's presence symbolize in relation to the Euro-Canadian newcomers' belief?

What did Liza's presence exemplify in the emerging Western society?

What did Liza's solitary life represent on the outskirts of the settlement?

What did Liza's presence challenge in the Prairie society?

What did the town authorities provide Liza with?

How was Liza's presence tolerated by the community?

Study Notes

Studying That Suits You

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