Canadian History World War I and II Quiz

Nationalism and the Autonomy of Canada (1896-1945)

• Nationalism: Diverse perspectives existed, with French Canadians advocating for bilingualism and autonomy within the British empire, while English Canadians often favored closer ties with Britain and a stronger national identity. Nationalist views influenced political stances and policies.

• Conscription Crisis (1942): A renewed conscription debate emerged during World War II, largely opposed by Quebec and some French Canadians while supported by other regions of Canada.

World War Two (1939-1945)

• Economic Impact: Ended the Great Depression, with increased industrial production of war materials, creating more jobs and diminishing unemployment. The Canadian government financed the war effort through the sale of Victory Bonds and rationing resources.

• Economic Figures: Industrial production in Quebec increased during the war, specifically for war materials. This corresponded with a decrease in unemployment.

• Winnipeg General Strike (1919): A significant labor dispute with approximately 25,000 Winnipeg workers striking, resulting in soldiers occupying the streets, injuring several and killing two.

• Economic hardship: Unemplyment in Canada rose and fell over the period 1928-1939

French-English Nationalisms (1896-1945)

• Henri Bourassa: A prominent French Canadian nationalist, opposed a military alliance with Britain and the Boer War.

• Wilfrid Laurier: Another French Canadian Nationalist who viewed English and French Canadians equally within Canada and advocated for a Canadian Navy.

• Robert Borden: An English imperialist who advocated Canadian autonomy within the British Empire, supporting Britain in WWI and implementing conscription.

• Maurice Duplessis: A Quebec nationalist who supported provincial autonomy and a close alliance with the Catholic Church, promoting a traditionalist nationalist viewpoint.

• Lionel Groulx: A Quebec nationalist, historian, and priest who advocated for a Clerico-nationalist identity for Quebec, emphasizing Catholic identity and traditional values as crucial to Quebec's national identity.

Colonialism and Nationalism (1920s-1930s)

• Quebec's Colonization Program: During the Great Depression (1929-1939), the Quebec government implemented a colonization program, Return to the Land, aiming to settle regions like Abitibi. This program was supported by the Church and the clerico-nationalist movement.

New Ideologies (1920s-1930s)

• Socialism: Led to the formation of the Canadian Commonwealth Federation (CCF), promoting free public education and healthcare.

• Fascism: Influenced the formation of the Parti National Social Chretien, emphasizing traditional values and a distinct Canadian identity.

• Communism: Led to the rise of the Communist Party of Canada, advocating for public control of banks and major corporations.

• Cooperatism (Quebec): The rise of cooperatives, with government assistance, allowed for farmers to pool resources and earn profits.

Immigration Policy (1896-1939)

• Early 20th Century Immigration: Primarily from Europe and the United States, with significant immigration in the period 1900-1915. However, there were also increasing tensions and restrictions towards immigrants from other parts of the world.

Urbanization

• Industrialization and Urban Migration: Industrialization periods and World War I led to substantial urban growth and demographic shifts as people sought factory jobs in cities.

Federal-Provincial Relations

• Disagreements: Conflicts between federal and provincial governments arose over jurisdiction and authority, as different levels of government interpreted and challenged each other's authority over specific areas.

• World War I (1914-1918): Prime Minister Borden implemented the War Measures Act, expanding federal powers to support the war.

• World War II (1939-1945): The situation repeated itself with further issues over jurisdiction and increased tensions, particularly around the federal government's power. Further power struggles in regards to the management of resources in various industries developed throughout this time period.

• Rowell-Sirois Commission (1940): A commission recommended increased federal power, opposed by the Quebec government.

Premier Adelard Godbout (1939-1944)

• Liberal Reforms: Granted Quebec women the vote in 1940, created Hydro-Quebec, and implemented a mandatory school attendance law to age 14. He opposed conscription and avoided federal involvement in certain areas of jurisdiction.

Natural Resource Sector (1940-1950s)

• World War II Impact: Increased demand for natural resources, leading to industrial growth in certain areas of Canada. The United States became a major investor involved in the development of natural resources in this post-war era.

Chapter 2 Quick Recall

• Second Phase Industrialization: Based on natural resource exploitation driving types of industries including chemicals, hydroelectricity, aluminum, mining, pulp, and paper.
• Investment Sources: American economic investment becoming a significant part of industrial development.
• Urban Growth: 60% of Quebec is Urbanized by this period of time and there are efforts to manage urban services like waste disposal and improved sanitation services being implemented by the municipal governments.
• Rise of Unions: Increased Catholic Church support for worker unions. This period sees a considerable increase in power and influence of unions across the region.
• Regional Development: Certain regions like Abitibi, Cote-Nord, Saguenay, and Lac St. Jean saw significant development during this period, often related to natural resource extraction.

Test your knowledge on significant events and changes in Canada during World War I and II. This quiz covers economic measures, political leaders, and key social movements that shaped Canada's history during these tumultuous periods. Challenge yourself with questions about conscription, autonomy, and the impact of industrialization.