Role of Nutrition in Health

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Canada's Food Guide?

To recommend only carbohydrate-rich diets

To promote a healthy diet for healthy people (correct)

To provide resources for food rationing during wartime

To serve as a guide for unhealthy eating habits

According to Canada's Food Guide, what proportion of your diet should consist of fruits and vegetables?

1/3

2/3

3/4

1/2 (correct)

Which guiding principle emphasizes the need for a variety of foods in a healthy diet?

Guiding Principle 4

Guiding Principle 2

Guiding Principle 1 (correct)

Guiding Principle 3

What percentage of your diet should ideally come from carbohydrates, based on the guidelines?

1/3 (C) Signup and view all the answers

When was the latest version of Canada's Food Guide released?

2019 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is responsible for causing scurvy?

Vitamin C (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is primarily linked to iron deficiency?

Iron-deficiency anemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient classes are primarily responsible for providing energy?

Lipids (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the roles of vitamins and minerals?

Minerals help facilitate energy release, while vitamins yield no energy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does a health care professional NOT have?

Advise clients on financial investments (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT typically influence food choices?

Political affiliation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes organic nutrients from inorganic nutrients?

Organic nutrients contain carbon. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional state might affect food choices?

Nostalgia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a misconception about the necessity of daily nutrient intake?

All nutrient subclasses must be consumed daily. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a functional food?

Fortified orange juice (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is hypercalcemia primarily caused by?

Overconsumption of Vitamin D (C) Signup and view all the answers

How might body image influence food choices?

Promotes unhealthy eating habits (D) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sodium reduction in food processing primarily aim to achieve?

Improve health benefits (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which category of nutrients does not produce energy during metabolism?

Vitamins (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to influence a person's food choice in a social situation?

Medical conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are macronutrients and micronutrients categorized?

Based on their energy-providing capabilities. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the six major classes of nutrients?

Fats, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)?

To establish recommended nutrient intake for healthy individuals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason vitamins are often destroyed during cooking?

High temperatures (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of minerals are classified as essential and must be obtained through diet?

Both major and trace minerals (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is energy in nutrition calculated for energy-containing nutrients?

By multiplying the grams of carbohydrate by 4, protein by 9, and fat by 7 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of claims on food labels provides information about the contents of a product?

Nutrient claims (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT typically influence personal food choices?

Personal fashion trends (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding health claims on food labels?

Health claims must meet specific criteria set by regulatory agencies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) help define?

The optimal intake ratio of calories from macronutrients (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Canada’s Food Guide in nutrition planning?

To support the idea of a healthy eating pattern (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient claim indicates that a product contains less than 0.5 g of sugar per serving?

Sugar-free (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is primarily needed for the repair of muscles in athletes?

Proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why might some foods that meet health claim criteria not display a health claim?

They lack certain marketing approvals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum amount of cholesterol that qualifies a product to be labeled as cholesterol-free?

Less than 2 mg per serving (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of food in relation to the body?

To supply energy and nutrients for maintenance and growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients are classified as energy-producing nutrients?

Carbohydrates, lipids, and protein (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does 1 kilocalorie (kcal) represent in terms of water temperature?

The energy needed to raise 1 kg of water by 1°C (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of minerals is necessary for homeostasis regulation in the human diet?

Both major and trace minerals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately defines calories in the context of food energy?

Calories refer to the energy content in food (C) Signup and view all the answers

What process is primarily responsible for the conversion of food into usable energy?

Metabolism (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are calories in foods typically measured?

By incinerating the food sample in a bomb calorimeter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between calories and kilocalories?

1 kilocalorie is equivalent to 1 Calorie (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a non-energy producing nutrient?

Carbohydrates (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do nutrition labels commonly use kilocalories instead of calories?

Kilocalories represent more significant energy amounts (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exam Information

A calculator is required for midterms and final exams.
Midterm: 2 hours, 80 multiple choice questions.
Final: 3 hours, 100 multiple choice questions.

Learning Goals

Explain the importance of nutrition for health.
Describe factors influencing food choices.
Identify the six major nutrient classes and their subcategories.
Understand energy calculation for nutrients.
Define Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR).
Explain how dietary ideals and Canada's Food Guide can be used for healthy eating planning.
Compare food label information to meet dietary and health goals.

What is Nutrition?

The science of foods and their nutrients and phytochemicals.
Foods provide energy and nutrients (macro and micronutrients) for maintenance, growth, and repair.

Why is Nutrition Important?

Nutrition is one of many factors contributing to health.
Nutrition can help prevent or reduce risks of certain diseases (e.g., colon cancer, osteoporosis).

Diseases and Nutrition

Many diseases are affected by nutrition including Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, some forms of cancer, Type 2 diabetes, Heart disease, High blood pressure, Obesity, Scurvy, Iron-deficiency anemia, Hypercalcemia.

Wellness Wheel Components

Occupational health
Physical health
Social health
Emotional health
Spiritual health
Diet and exercise

Wellness Wheel Overview

A tool for assessing all aspects of wellness
Highlights individual's lifestyle choices
Supports achieving holistic wellness

Nutritional Choices and Health

Cumulative effect of daily choices has impact over years & decades
Positive lifestyle choices enhance overall wellness (but family history is important)
Poor lifestyle choices increase disease risk

The Health Line

A continuum ranging from maximum wellness to death
Characteristics describe a person's health status
Affected by external situations and personal choices

Additional Topics

Six classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, water.
Energy-yielding nutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, protein) provide energy for daily metabolism.
Non-energy-yielding nutrients (vitamins, minerals, water) aid in energy release.
Food energy measured in kilocalories (kcal).
Measurement of food energy using a calorimeter.
Atwater Values: -Carbohydrate and protein: 4 kcal/g -Fat: 9 kcal/g -Alcohol: 7 kcal/g

Macronutrient Energy Contributions:

Atwater values.
4 kcal/g for carbohydrate and protein
9 kcal/g for fat
7 kcal/g for alcohol

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

Ranges for energy-yielding nutrients
Important for reducing risk of chronic diseases
Carbohydrates: 45–65%, Lipids: 20–35%, Protein: 10–35%.

Using DRIs

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for intakes of energy and nutrients for healthy people.
Not optimal for people with diseases or deficiencies. Each category of DRI serves different relevant functions.

Types of nutrients

Organic vs Inorganic (carbon-based vs carbon-not based).
Essential vs Non-essential (essential need diet, non-essential body produces).
Macronutrients vs Micronutrients (grams vs milligrams).
Energy-producing vs Non-energy-producing (help body produce energy vs assist).

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) define the amount of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components that best support health.
DRIs encompass four categories: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

The average amount of dietary energy that's necessary for healthy individuals in order to keep energy balance.
Calculations based on age, sex, weight, height, level of physical activity.
Formulas for EER provided in separate table.

Dietary Guidelines

Canada's Food Guide (a guide for healthy eating)
Latest guide version released 2019

Food Labels

Labels provide information for consumers to make informed choices.
Show the percentage of Daily Values to help measure a food's impact on daily needs

Claims

Consumers may encounter various claims on food labels.
Health claims are about the relationship between a food or food component to a health-related condition. (Ex "low fat").
Nutrient claims describe levels of nutrients in a food or food component. (Ex. "low sugar")

Tools To Plan A Nutritious Diet

Food labels
Dietary guidelines
Diet plans
These methods use the DRI table.

Whom do you trust?

Registered Dietitian (RD)
Physician
Professionals with advanced degrees (e.g., PhDs)

What can you trust?

Professional organizations (ex Dietitians of Canada, Canadian Nutrition Society, Canadian Society of Nutrition Management)
Government sources (ex Health Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Health Network)

Dietary Ideals

Adequacy (enough nutrients)
Balance (various nutrients in certain proportions)
Energy control (appropriate amount for energy needs)
Nutrient density (sufficient amount of nutrients for energy).
Moderation.
Variety (various choices from different food groups).

Additional Notes

The provided content is based on food labelling practices and dietary guidelines that are current rather than historical.
Certain concepts are presented in a manner suitable for a student.
Formulas are provided.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on Canada's Food Guide, including its principles, dietary recommendations, and the role of nutrients. This quiz covers various aspects such as food proportions, nutrient deficiencies, and guidelines for a healthy diet. See how well you understand the foundational concepts of nutrition as outlined in Canada's Food Guide.