Calvin Cycle Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the first molecule that carbon dioxide is attached to in the Calvin Cycle?

  • RuBP (correct)
  • BPG
  • 3PG
  • G3P
  • Which stage of the Calvin Cycle involves the transformation of 3PG into BPG?

  • Light Reactions
  • Carbon Dioxide Reduction (correct)
  • RuBP Regeneration
  • Carbon Dioxide Fixation
  • How many G3P molecules are used to regenerate three RuBP during three turns of the Calvin Cycle?

  • 6 G3P
  • 9 G3P
  • 5 G3P (correct)
  • 3 G3P
  • Which energy molecules are utilized during the Carbon Dioxide Reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>ATP and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle that can be further transformed into other organic molecules?

    <p>G3P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RuBP Carboxylase (Rubisco) in the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>It accelerates the fixation of CO2 to RuBP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Calvin Cycle is incorrect?

    <p>It is an energy-releasing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product of the Calvin Cycle is a 3-carbon molecule that can contribute to various carbohydrate sources?

    <p>G3P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CO2 and O2 levels in C3 plants when their stomata close in hot or dry conditions?

    <p>CO2 decreases, O2 increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do C4 plants use to initially fix CO2 in the 'pre-Calvin' cycle?

    <p>PEP carboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are C4 plants more productive than C3 plants in hot and dry climates?

    <p>They compartmentalize rubisco and use a better enzyme to capture CO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of CAM photosynthesis?

    <p>It involves a two-step process for fixing CO2 by time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of environments do C4 plants compete poorly with C3 plants?

    <p>Cool and moist environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence does photorespiration have on C3 plants?

    <p>It leads to a reduction in productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of C4 plants over C3 plants in terms of carbon fixation?

    <p>They are less affected by photorespiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary disadvantage do C3 plants face when stomata are closed?

    <p>Increased photorespiration rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Calvin Cycle and Carbon Dioxide Fixation

    • The first molecule that carbon dioxide is attached to in the Calvin Cycle is Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), a five-carbon sugar

    • The stage of the Calvin Cycle that involves the transformation of 3PG into BPG is the reduction phase

    • Three turns of the Calvin Cycle use one G3P molecule to regenerate three RuBP

    • The energy molecules utilized during the Carbon Dioxide Reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle are ATP and NADPH

    • The main product of the Calvin Cycle that can be further transformed into other organic molecules is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

    • RuBP Carboxylase (Rubisco) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP in the Calvin Cycle

    Differences Between C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthesis

    • An incorrect statement about the Calvin Cycle is that it directly uses light energy; the Calvin Cycle uses ATP and NADPH generated during the light reactions.

    • The product of the Calvin Cycle that is a 3-carbon molecule and can contribute to various carbohydrate sources is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

    • When stomata close in hot or dry conditions in C3 plants, CO2 levels decrease while O2 levels increase due to the absence of CO2 intake and continued respiration

    • C4 plants use phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase) to initially fix CO2 in the 'pre-Calvin' cycle

    • C4 plants are more productive than C3 plants in hot and dry climates because they can capture CO2 more efficiently in these conditions, leading to higher photosynthetic rates

    • The primary characteristic of CAM photosynthesis is temporal separation of CO2 fixation and the Calvin Cycle, where carbon dioxide is fixed at night and utilized during the day

    • C4 plants compete poorly with C3 plants in cool and moist environments since the energy cost of the C4 pathway is higher in these conditions

    • Photorespiration has a negative consequence on C3 plants by consuming ATP and reducing the net carbon gain

    • The main advantage of C4 plants over C3 plants in terms of carbon fixation is their ability to concentrate carbon dioxide in bundle sheath cells, thereby minimizing photorespiration

    • The primary disadvantage that C3 plants face when stomata are closed is decreased carbon dioxide uptake due to the closed pores, leading to reduced photosynthesis

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    Description

    This quiz explores the intricacies of the Calvin cycle, focusing on its stages: carbon dioxide fixation, reduction, and RuBP regeneration. Understand the reactants and products involved, as well as the role of energy molecules such as ATP and NADPH in this essential process of photosynthesis. Test your knowledge on how plants adapt through this metabolic pathway.

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