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Questions and Answers
What is the primary product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the primary product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
In which part of the chloroplast do the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur?
In which part of the chloroplast do the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur?
What are the main reactants utilized in the Calvin cycle to produce glucose?
What are the main reactants utilized in the Calvin cycle to produce glucose?
What process do C4 plants utilize to minimize water loss during photosynthesis?
What process do C4 plants utilize to minimize water loss during photosynthesis?
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Which of the following statements best describes the role of NADPH in the process of photosynthesis?
Which of the following statements best describes the role of NADPH in the process of photosynthesis?
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What is the main challenge faced by land plants related to photosynthesis?
What is the main challenge faced by land plants related to photosynthesis?
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What molecule directly donates electrons during the light-dependent reactions?
What molecule directly donates electrons during the light-dependent reactions?
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Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?
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What is the main challenge that plants face with open stomata?
What is the main challenge that plants face with open stomata?
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Which of the following plants utilize the CAM pathway?
Which of the following plants utilize the CAM pathway?
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How do C4 plants manage to maintain photosynthesis during hot and dry conditions?
How do C4 plants manage to maintain photosynthesis during hot and dry conditions?
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When do CAM plants primarily take in carbon dioxide?
When do CAM plants primarily take in carbon dioxide?
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What happens to photosynthesis when stomata are closed on a hot, dry day?
What happens to photosynthesis when stomata are closed on a hot, dry day?
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What is the dense solution surrounding the thylakoids called?
What is the dense solution surrounding the thylakoids called?
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Which of the following describes the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Which of the following describes the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
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What is the main function of electron carriers in photosynthesis?
What is the main function of electron carriers in photosynthesis?
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Which compound is known as an electron carrier that accepts high-energy electrons?
Which compound is known as an electron carrier that accepts high-energy electrons?
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Which process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts?
Which process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts?
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What conditions might affect the rate of photosynthesis?
What conditions might affect the rate of photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle).
- The light-dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, producing ATP and NADPH.
- The light-independent reaction takes place in the stroma, using ATP and NADPH to produce glucose.
The Calvin Cycle
- The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
- The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to use carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH to produce glucose.
Water Loss Dilemma
- Land plants face a challenge of dehydration.
- Stomata are pores in leaves that allow carbon dioxide intake for photosynthesis, but also lead to water loss.
C4 Pathway
- C4 plants have an additional step before the Calvin cycle, converting carbon dioxide into oxaloacetic acid.
- This allows them to take in more carbon dioxide with each opening of their stomata, helping with water conservation.
- Examples of C4 plants include corn, sugar cane, and crabgrass.
CAM Pathway
- CAM plants open their stomata only at night to conserve water, taking in carbon dioxide and storing it as an acid.
- During the day, they release the stored carbon dioxide into the Calvin cycle for photosynthesis.
Thylakoids
- Thylakoids are flattened sacs or vesicles within chloroplasts.
- Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the thylakoid membrane, capturing light energy from the sun.
Photosystems
- Photosystems are clusters of pigments embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
- They collect light energy and pass it on to chlorophyll.
Electron Carriers
- When sunlight hits chlorophyll, high-energy electrons are excited and need a carrier.
- Electron carriers transport high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.
- This process is called electron transport.
- NADP+ is an electron carrier that accepts two high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+), becoming NADPH.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to photosynthesis, including the light-dependent and light-independent reactions, the Calvin cycle, and adaptations in C4 plants for water conservation. Understand the processes that lead to glucose production and the challenges faced by terrestrial plants. Test your knowledge on these vital biological processes!
