23 Questions
What is the size range of Calviello metabolic maps in the liver?
0.5-1.5 cm
What is the term for the stiffening and thickening of the blood vessel wall?
Arteriosclerosis
What is the result of inefficient endogenous fibrinolytic system?
Thrombus formation is enhanced
What type of cells are found in the necrotic core of an atheroma?
Cell debris and cholesterol crystals
What is the consequence of endothelial denudation in an atheroma?
Platelet activation and aggregation
What is the characteristic appearance of a blood vessel with Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis?
Onion skin appearance
What is the result of LDL interacting with extracellular intimal proteoglycans?
Retention and oxidation of LDL
Which layer of the artery is affected in atherosclerosis?
Tunica Intima
What is a cause of endothelial dysfunction?
All of the above
What is the effect of increased permeability in the Tunica Intima?
Increased LDL retention
What is the outcome of altered expression of the Tunica intima and smooth muscle layer?
Atherosclerosis
What is the result of the accumulation of lipid substance in the artery walls?
Inflammation and necrotic core formation
What is the role of M2 macrophages in atherosclerosis?
To engulf and remove lipid substances
What is the consequence of disturbed non-laminar flow at arterial branch points?
Chronic inflammation of low grade
What is the role of Th1 lymphocytes in atherosclerosis?
To induce inflammation and oxidation of LDL
What is the consequence of the formation of necrotic core?
Rupture of the plaque and thrombi formation
What is the role of VCAM1 in atherosclerosis?
To facilitate the entrance of lymphocytes into the intima
What is the result of the contact between histones of DNA trap and neutrophils?
NETosis of foam cells
What type of collagen is replaced by type I collagen in the advanced phase of atherosclerotic lesion development?
Type III collagen
What is the role of smooth muscle cells in the advanced phase of atherosclerotic lesion development?
Synthesis of proteoglycans and type III collagen
What is the effect of INFgamma on M1 activation?
Stimulation of M1 activation
What is the clinical consequence of the enlargment of the muscular part of the blood vessel?
Aortic Aneurysm
Why are younger male more affected by atherosclerosis?
Due to hormonal reasons
Explore the features and progression of atherosclerosis, including the structure of atheromas, types of lesions, and the risks of occlusion. Learn about the dynamic nature of these lesions and their components.
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