Calviello Metabolic Maps: Atherosclerosis

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What is the size range of Calviello metabolic maps in the liver?

0.1-0.5 cm
3.0-5.0 cm
1.5-3.0 cm
0.5-1.5 cm (correct)

What is the term for the stiffening and thickening of the blood vessel wall?

Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis
Stenosis
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis (correct)

What is the result of inefficient endogenous fibrinolytic system?

Thrombus formation is contained and plaque healing occurs
Fibrin breakdown and thrombus lysis are promoted
Thrombus formation is enhanced (correct)
The lumen diameter of the blood vessel increases

What type of cells are found in the necrotic core of an atheroma?

Cell debris and cholesterol crystals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of endothelial denudation in an atheroma?

Platelet activation and aggregation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of a blood vessel with Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis?

Onion skin appearance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of LDL interacting with extracellular intimal proteoglycans?

Retention and oxidation of LDL (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the artery is affected in atherosclerosis?

Tunica Intima (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of endothelial dysfunction?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased permeability in the Tunica Intima?

Increased LDL retention (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of altered expression of the Tunica intima and smooth muscle layer?

Atherosclerosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the accumulation of lipid substance in the artery walls?

Inflammation and necrotic core formation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of M2 macrophages in atherosclerosis?

To engulf and remove lipid substances (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of disturbed non-laminar flow at arterial branch points?

Chronic inflammation of low grade (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Th1 lymphocytes in atherosclerosis?

To induce inflammation and oxidation of LDL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the formation of necrotic core?

Rupture of the plaque and thrombi formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of VCAM1 in atherosclerosis?

To facilitate the entrance of lymphocytes into the intima (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the contact between histones of DNA trap and neutrophils?

NETosis of foam cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of collagen is replaced by type I collagen in the advanced phase of atherosclerotic lesion development?

Type III collagen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of smooth muscle cells in the advanced phase of atherosclerotic lesion development?

Synthesis of proteoglycans and type III collagen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of INFgamma on M1 activation?

Stimulation of M1 activation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical consequence of the enlargment of the muscular part of the blood vessel?

Aortic Aneurysm (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are younger male more affected by atherosclerosis?

Due to hormonal reasons (A) Signup and view all the answers