Calviello Metabolic Maps: Atherosclerosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the size range of Calviello metabolic maps in the liver?

  • 0.1-0.5 cm
  • 3.0-5.0 cm
  • 1.5-3.0 cm
  • 0.5-1.5 cm (correct)

    • What is the term for the stiffening and thickening of the blood vessel wall?

  • Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis
  • Stenosis
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Arteriosclerosis (correct)

    • What is the result of inefficient endogenous fibrinolytic system?

  • Thrombus formation is contained and plaque healing occurs
  • Fibrin breakdown and thrombus lysis are promoted
  • Thrombus formation is enhanced (correct)
  • The lumen diameter of the blood vessel increases

    • What type of cells are found in the necrotic core of an atheroma?

    <p>Cell debris and cholesterol crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of endothelial denudation in an atheroma?

    <p>Platelet activation and aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of a blood vessel with Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis?

    <p>Onion skin appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of LDL interacting with extracellular intimal proteoglycans?

    <p>Retention and oxidation of LDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the artery is affected in atherosclerosis?

    <p>Tunica Intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of endothelial dysfunction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased permeability in the Tunica Intima?

    <p>Increased LDL retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of altered expression of the Tunica intima and smooth muscle layer?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the accumulation of lipid substance in the artery walls?

    <p>Inflammation and necrotic core formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of M2 macrophages in atherosclerosis?

    <p>To engulf and remove lipid substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of disturbed non-laminar flow at arterial branch points?

    <p>Chronic inflammation of low grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Th1 lymphocytes in atherosclerosis?

    <p>To induce inflammation and oxidation of LDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the formation of necrotic core?

    <p>Rupture of the plaque and thrombi formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of VCAM1 in atherosclerosis?

    <p>To facilitate the entrance of lymphocytes into the intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the contact between histones of DNA trap and neutrophils?

    <p>NETosis of foam cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collagen is replaced by type I collagen in the advanced phase of atherosclerotic lesion development?

    <p>Type III collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of smooth muscle cells in the advanced phase of atherosclerotic lesion development?

    <p>Synthesis of proteoglycans and type III collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of INFgamma on M1 activation?

    <p>Stimulation of M1 activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical consequence of the enlargment of the muscular part of the blood vessel?

    <p>Aortic Aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are younger male more affected by atherosclerosis?

    <p>Due to hormonal reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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