C Programming Basics and Execution Flow
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C Programming Basics and Execution Flow

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What is the first step in the flow of a C program?

  • The object code is generated.
  • The source code is sent to the preprocessor. (correct)
  • The assembly code is compiled.
  • The executable code is loaded into memory.

    • Which of the following accurately describes the character set in C?

  • It includes letters and does not consider special characters.
  • It is limited to uppercase letters only.
  • It only includes digits and special characters.
  • It consists of letters, digits, special characters, and white spaces. (correct)

    • Which component converts the code into object code after compilation?

  • The preprocessor.
  • The loader.
  • The assembler. (correct)
  • The linker.

    • What is the role of the linker in the execution flow of a C program?

    <p>To link the object code to library files.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a permissible starting character for an identifier?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of constants in programming?

    <p>They remain the same throughout the program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of white space characters are recognized in C programming?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about identifier case sensitivity in C is accurate?

    <p>Identifiers written in capital letters are not equivalent to those in lower case.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an identifier following the naming rules?

    <p>value_1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of constants includes values like 10 and -5?

    <p>Numeric Constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected output of the simple C program that prints 'Hello World'?

    <p>Hello, World</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many characters can be used in an identifier, according to the naming rules?

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of character in the C character set?

    <p>Symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding identifiers?

    <p>Identifiers can include special characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What keyword is used to declare a constant variable?

    <p>const</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be considered a valid numeric constant?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tokens in a C program?

    <p>They are the building blocks or basic components of the program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT considered a type of token in C?

    <p>Loop Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many keywords does ANSI C support?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can keywords in C not be used as variable names?

    <p>They have predefined meanings in the language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which special symbol corresponds to the character '$' in C?

    <p>Dollar Sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following, which is an example of a constant token in C?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which punctuation mark is described as the 'Closing Angle' in C?

    <blockquote> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Keyword set in C language?

    <p>They provide fixed structure and functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the keyword 'const' in variable declaration?

    <p>To declare the variable as constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a static variable?

    <p>It retains its value between function calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding local variables?

    <p>They must be declared at the beginning of a block.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a global variable is modified inside a function?

    <p>The modified global variable retains its changes across all functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an expression assigned to a variable?

    <p>By using the equality operator '=' with an expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A volatile variable's value can be changed due to which of the following?

    <p>External factors at any time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would you declare a variable as global?

    <p>When it needs to be accessed by multiple functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of data types in variable declaration?

    <p>To determine the amount of memory allocated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the division operation in a program where a=10 and b=2?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arithmetic operator has the highest precedence in C language?

    <ul> <li></li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the expression '10 < 7 + 5' evaluate to?

    <p>TRUE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about relational operators is correct?

    <p>They compare two quantities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the provided program, what value is assigned to 'rem' when a=10 and b=3?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the associativity of arithmetic operators?

    <p>Multiplication associates left to right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following operators is used to evaluate the remainder in C programming?

    <p>%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the output of printf function if the result of addition is 15?

    <p>Result of addition is = 15.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Execution and Flow of C Programs

    • C programs go through several stages before they can be executed.
    • The preprocessor handles preprocessor directives and produces expanded source code.
    • The compiler translates the expanded source code into assembly code.
    • The assembler converts assembly code into object code, creating an .obj file.
    • The linker combines the object code with libraries and produces executable code, creating an .exe file.
    • The loader loads the executable code into memory for execution.

    First C Program Structure

    • The basic C program demonstrates how to print "Hello World".
    • It uses the #include directive to include standard input/output functions.
    • The main() function is the entry point for program execution.
    • The printf() function is used to display output to the console.
    • The return 0; statement indicates successful program termination.

    C Character Set

    • Characters are fundamental building blocks in C programs.
    • They form words, numbers, and expressions.
    • The C character set includes letters, digits, special characters, and whitespace characters.
    • Whitespace characters are ignored by the compiler unless they are part of string constants.

    C Character Set Types

    • Letters: Includes both uppercase (A-Z) and lowercase (a-z) English letters.
    • Digits: Includes decimal digits from 0 to 9.
    • Special Characters: Include symbols such as &, #, *, @, %, \, etc.
    • Whitespace Characters: Include space, tab, carriage return, newline, form feed, vertical tab.

    Tokens

    • Tokens are the fundamental units of a C program.
    • They are the building blocks used to create a C program.
    • Tokens are like individual words within a sentence.
    • There are six types of tokens in C: Keywords, Identifiers, Special Symbols, Constants, Strings, and Operators.

    Keywords

    • Keywords are predefined reserved words in C, each with its own specific meaning.
    • They are used by the compiler to define the structure and behavior of a program.
    • Cannot be redefined or used as variable names.
    • C supports 32 keywords.

    Identifiers

    • Identifiers are user-defined names given to elements such as variables, functions, and arrays.
    • They consist of letters, digits, and underscores.
    • The first character must be a letter or underscore.
    • Case-sensitive (lowercase and uppercase letters are distinct).
    • Identifiers cannot be keywords.

    Rules for Identifiers

    • Must start with a letter or underscore.
    • Can contain letters, digits, and underscores after the first character.
    • Cannot contain special characters or spaces.
    • Maximum of 31 characters are significant (longer identifiers are truncated).
    • Cannot use keywords as identifiers.

    Constants

    • Constants are values that remain unchanged during program execution.
    • They are fixed values assigned to variables.
    • Declared using the const keyword.

    Constant Types

    • Numeric Constants: Represent numerical values.
      • Integer Constants: Whole numbers without decimal points.
      • Real Constants: Numbers with decimal points.
    • Character Constants: Represent single characters enclosed in single quotes (e.g., 'A', '5', '$').
    • Symbolic Constants: Defined using the #define preprocessor directive (e.g., #define PI 3.14159).

    Variables

    • Variables are used to store data values that can change during program execution.
    • Variables are declared using a data type followed by a variable name.

    Variable Assignment

    • Simple Assignment: Uses the = operator to assign a single value to a variable (e.g., x = 10;).
    • Compound Assignment: Uses expressions to assign values (e.g., y = x + 5;).

    Variable Types

    • Constant Variables: Declared using the const keyword. Their value cannot be modified after initialization.
    • Volatile Variables: Their value can be changed externally by factors outside the program's control.
    • Local Variables: Declared within a function or block. They are accessible only within that scope.
    • Global Variables: Declared outside any function or block. They are accessible from anywhere in the program.
    • Static Variables: Declared using the static keyword. They retain their value between function calls.

    Data Types

    • Data types define the type of data a variable can store and how much memory it occupies.
    • They determine the range of values a variable can hold and the operations that can be performed on it.

    Operators

    • Operators are special symbols used to perform operations on operands (values).
    • They provide the means to manipulate data and control program flow.

    Arithmetic Operators

    • Used for mathematical operations:
      • + (addition)
      • - (subtraction)
      • * (multiplication)
      • / (division)
      • % (modulo, remainder after division)

    Relational Operators

    • Compare two values and produce a boolean result (true or false):
      • < (less than)
      • > (greater than)
      • <= (less than or equal to)
      • >= (greater than or equal to)
      • == (equal to)
      • != (not equal to)

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    Related Documents

    UNIT2.pptx

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental stages of executing C programs, including preprocessing, compiling, assembling, linking, and loading. It also introduces the structure of a basic C program, specifically focusing on printing 'Hello World' and understanding the C character set. Test your knowledge of these essential programming concepts.

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