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Questions and Answers

What is responsible for determining the biological sex in a fetus?

  • Hormones produced by the mother's body
  • DNA includes sex chromosomes that determine the biological sex of the fetus (correct)
  • The environment in which the fetus develops
  • Genetic factors unrelated to sex chromosomes

    • What is the structure of fetal circulation regarding the umbilical cord? Select all that apply.

  • Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein - Vein carries oxygen from mother to fetus (correct)
  • Arteries carry waste products back to placenta (correct)
  • Veins carry carbon dioxide from fetus to mother
  • Arteries carry nutrients from placenta to fetus

    • Which of the following statements about embryonic nutrition is correct?

  • The yolk sac is responsible for providing nutrition and gas exchange. (correct)
  • The placenta does not play a role in nutrient transfer.
  • Embryos rely solely on maternal blood for nutrition.
  • Amniotic fluid is the main source of embryonic nutrition.

    • Which of the following are risk factors for birth defects? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Exposure to teratogens / certain medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Review fetal respiratory system development. (Select all that apply)

    <p>Weeks 11-14, breathing movements are evident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about fetal cardiovascular system development is accurate?

    <p>Week 6, heart is developed and pumping blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Review fetal genitourinary system development. (Select all that apply)

    <p>Week 6, testes descend into the scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some review findings of an infant born to term?

    <p>Full Term - Long fingernails, hair thicker and may be coarse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Review Fetal musculoskeletal system development (select all that apply)

    <p>35-37 weeks, muscles fully developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are contraindications for a medication abortion? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Anticoagulant Therapy / Hemodynamic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are potential contraindications of pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Certain medical conditions (40-100% for a maternal cardiac event during pregnancy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are risk factors for a spontaneous abortion? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Fetal chromosomal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings is consistent with an infant born at 32 weeks? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Week 32, lanugo on back and buttocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are presumptive signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Amenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are normal or abnormal body changes during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Hemorrhoids / Swollen Feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cardiovascular changes occur during pregnancy

    <p>Maternal heart rate increases 20% above baseline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Review respiratory changes during pregnancy

    <p>Lightening occurs at the end of pregnancy, decreasing pressure on the diaphragm resulting in ease of maternal respiratory effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones are active during pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): Used to confirm pregnancy and is produced by the corpus luteum. hCG rises quickly very early in pregnancy until placenta function takes over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for fetal heart rate?

    <p>Normal fetal heart rate = 110-160 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered probable signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Softening of uterus and cervix and blue discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes Naegele's Rule for calculating the estimated date of birth?

    <p>Take the first day of the last menstrual period, subtract 3 months and add 7 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laboratory tests are typically reviewed during the first trimester of pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Prenatal panel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are manifestations of true labor? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Contractions increasing in intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding glucose challenge screening are correct? (Select all that apply)

    <p>NPO after ingesting glucose drink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the client education points regarding a fetal anatomy ultrasound?

    <p>Need a Full bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for a provider performing Leopold Maneuvers?

    <p>To determine positioning of fetus in uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for fetal kick counting?

    <p>Count over 2-3 hours at the same time every day. Should be &gt; 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can pose risks for complications during pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Psychosocial factors - Use of alcohol or drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the nurse's roles during prenatal care in a high-risk pregnancy?

    <p>Caring for the client and fetus - Optimal care involves communication between the nurse, provider, client, and support persons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommendation regarding alcohol use during pregnancy for the best outcomes?

    <p>No alcohol or drugs during pregnancy for best outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding prenatal tests is correct?

    <p>Client is allowed to choose which tests to perform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the GTPAL acronym stand for? Select all that apply.

    <p>G=Gravida T=Term Births</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for developing high blood pressure during pregnancy?

    <p>Age =Maternal age &gt; 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for a non-stress test and what is the expected outcome?

    <p>Noninvasive method to assess fetal well-being through external fetal monitoring. Expectation is increases in fetal heart rate of 15/min for at least 15 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test?

    <p>A blood test performed during pregnancy to identify the fetus’ risk of birth defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are risk factors for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Amniotic fluid infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for pregnancy complications? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Age / Race</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Review the different types of spontaneous abortion. Which of the following options describe the correct types?

    <p>Complete abortion – All products of conception have been completely expelled / Incomplete abortion – A partial passing of the products of conception from the cervical os.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are risk factors for complications during an ectopic pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Conditions that affect fallopian tubes = AGE &gt;35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a marginal placenta previa?

    <p>If the placenta does not migrate up by the third trimester and is located near or covering the cervix, it is known as placenta previa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are recognized risk factors for thrombophilia? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Inherited - 1st degree family member with Factor V Leiden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a psychophysiological factor that contributes to the increased risk for blood clots during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk for blood clots due to increased blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are risk factors for a molar pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Age younger than 15 or older than 35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is a risk factor for a ruptured ectopic pregnancy?

    <p>Monitor for tachycardia and hypotension - Ruptured ectopic pregnancy increases risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are risk factors for placental abruption? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Polyhydramnios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of spontaneous abortion?

    <p>Caused by fetal chromosomal abnormalities with unknown cause in many cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings are consistent with a molar pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Initial manifestations of viable pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diagnostic findings are consistent with a spontaneous abortion

    <p>Ultrasound to check gestational viability and fetal heartbeat =Fetal length greater than 7mm with absence of fetal heart tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of placenta previa?

    <p>Light, chronic, intermittent bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the diagnostic testing for placenta previa?

    <p>CBC and coagulation studies* ultrasound to rule out condition *not a digital exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse prioritize when caring for a client with acute placental abruption and hemorrhage? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Start IV and monitor vital signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment option for the medical management of a spontaneous abortion?

    <p>Misoprostol for uterine evacuation of products of conception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the discharge teaching for a client following surgery for a molar pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Potential complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a method of medical management for cervical insufficiency?

    <p>Progesterone to help prevent premature delivery in women, used until 36 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options are included in the plan of care for a client with thrombophilia? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Anticoagulation - low molecular weight heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be included in education for a client who has a complete molar pregnancy? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Future pregnancies monitored closely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the priority nursing care actions for a pregnant client with a history of cervical insufficiency? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Emotional support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes related to pregnancy are expected with eclampsia? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Elevated BP causes autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of preeclampsia with severe features?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical manifestation of HELLP syndrome?

    <p>H = Hemolysis, EL = elevated liver enzymes, LP = low platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Review the reason magnesium sulfate is given to treat HELLP syndrome.

    <p>Seizure prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Review client health promotion for gestational hypertension.

    <p>Limit caffeine to 200 mg per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of oligohydramnios?

    <p>Chronic uteroplacental ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common causes of hyperthyroidism? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key risk factors for pregestational type 1 diabetes compared to gestational diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Pregestational type 1=Risk factors • Genetic • Familial history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are possible causes of hyperemesis gravidarum? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Estradiol increase due to elevated hCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are special considerations for gestational diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Antenatal testing including nonstress testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about laboratory testing for gestational diabetes mellitus is correct?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1C monitored every 2 months during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are manifestations of dehydration in hyperemesis gravidarum? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Dark or strong-smelling urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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