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Questions and Answers
Which type of culture is characterized by risk-taking and innovation?
What is a key characteristic of a clan culture?
In forecasting, what must managers consider when predicting labor demand?
Which of the following is a quantitative approach to HR forecasting?
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What does the market culture prioritize?
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What kind of staffing needs might be forecasted by retailers like Hudson's Bay during peak seasons?
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Which is NOT a method used in advanced statistical planning for HR forecasting?
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What are 'what if' scenarios used for in forecasting?
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What is nearshoring?
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Which term describes outsourcing work to domestic independent contractors?
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What is the primary purpose of employee leasing agreements?
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How can organizations increase productivity according to the content?
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What demographic change is expected in Canada by 2050?
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What challenge related to diversity and immigration is highlighted for managers?
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What is one method suggested for improving employee motivation?
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What factors contribute to employee productivity?
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What is a primary reason for the failure of many mergers?
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How does HR play a vital role in strategic alliances or joint ventures?
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What is a key characteristic of a low-cost strategy?
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Which approach is NOT commonly associated with a low-cost strategy?
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What major lesson can be learned from the failed merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler?
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What is the relationship between HRP and productivity in a low-cost strategy?
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What can lead to significant challenges in international joint ventures?
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What is a common outcome of outsourcing in the context of a low-cost strategy?
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What is the primary focus of pay equality legislation?
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Which group in Canada is NOT one of the designated groups historically facing inequitable treatment in employment?
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What is a significant barrier to employment for Indigenous Peoples in Canada?
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Individuals with disabilities earn significantly less than Canadians without disabilities. Which group is noted for earning the least?
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Which of the following statements best describes the concept of employment equity?
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What percentage of Canadians aged 15 and over is estimated to have a disability?
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Which of the following occupations are women notably underrepresented in?
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Visible minorities in Canada exhibit variances in labour force profiles. Which factor influences these differences?
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What does the position analysis questionnaire system primarily assess?
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Which job analysis method emphasizes identifying key tasks for job success?
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What is the main focus of competency-based analysis in job analysis?
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How many parts do most job descriptions typically contain?
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Which of the following best describes the function of a job title in a job description?
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What type of analysis uses an organization-specific list of tasks to describe jobs?
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What does functional job analysis primarily examine regarding workers?
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Why might job titles be chosen carefully in job descriptions?
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Study Notes
Nearshoring
- Nearshoring is the process of moving jobs closer to one's home country.
- Rising labor costs in China are making it attractive for North American firms to offshore work to Mexico and Central America.
Homeshore
- Companies are economizing and bringing jobs back to their domestic markets by "homeshoring."
- Call center jobs are a notable example.
- Companies outsource call center jobs to domestic independent contractors.
Employee Leasing
- Many companies, especially small ones, sign employee leasing agreements with professional employer organizations.
- The process involves dismissing employees who are then hired by a leasing company that handles HR-related activities.
- Companies then contract with the leasing company to lease back the employees.
Productivity Enhancements
- Employee productivity is a combination of employee abilities, motivation, work environment, and the technology they use to work.
- Organizations can increase productivity by reducing input costs or by increasing output through investment in human and physical capital.
- Providing work flexibility can improve productivity and motivation of valuable employees.
Demographic Changes
- Canada's population was 38 million in 2020, with about 18% being 65 or over.
- The number of seniors in the Canadian population is expected to increase to 24% by 2050.
- These demographic changes affect the workforce of employers.
Diversity/Immigration Challenge
- The most popular audit tool is the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) which classifies companies into four types of cultures:
- Clan culture: close-knit employees with concern for each other and customers, valuing loyalty & cohesion.
- Adhocracy culture: risk-taking, innovation, and entrepreneurship.
- Market culture: competitive, result-oriented behaviors.
- Hierarchical culture: formal structures and procedures, valuing efficiency and stability.
Forecasting
- Managers must continually forecast both the needs and capabilities of the firm to do an effective job at strategic planning.
- Focus areas include: forecasting the demand for labor, forecasting the supply of labor, and balancing supply and demand.
- Forecasting a firm's demand for employees depends on factors such as its competitive strategy, technology, structure, productivity, and external factors like economic and seasonal trends.
Forecasting Approaches
- Quantitative approaches: use statistical or mathematical techniques, such as trend analysis, which predicts staffing needs based on organizational data.
- Qualitative approaches: use non-numerical methods, such as expert opinions and surveys, to assess future staffing needs.
- These methods can also include a firm's strategy and "what-if" scenarios.
Mergers and Acquisitions
- Many mergers in Canada have occurred recently, but some fail due to cultural clashes and management conflicts, negatively impacting ROI and shareholder value.
- A notable example is the failed merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler, where the German firm’s reluctance to share technology with its American counterpart caused issues.
Strategic Alliances and Joint Ventures
- Some firms opt for cooperative strategies like strategic alliances or joint ventures instead of merging or acquiring.
- HR plays a key role in assessing cultural compatibility and potential challenges upfront, selecting key executives, fostering teamwork, and designing performance assessments and mutual incentives.
Business Strategy
- Business strategy focuses on how the company will compete against rival firms to create value for customers.
Low Cost Strategy
- Companies compete on productivity and efficiency to keep their costs low enough to offer an attractive price to customers.
- Organizations like McDonalds exploit economies of scale in production and distribution.
- A low-cost strategy is often linked to Human Resource Planning (HRP) through productivity.
Pay Equity
- Pay equality is about fair pay for individual women employees for the same job.
- Pay equity is about fair pay for entire occupations, which are dissimilar, usually within an organization.
Employment Equity
- Women, Indigenous Peoples, members of visible minorities, and people with disabilities constitute over 60 percent of Canada's labor force.
- Equity means fairness and impartiality, based on ethics and fairness.
- There are four designated groups in Canada that have historically not received equitable treatment in employment:
- Women
- Indigenous People
- People with disabilities
- Visible minorities
Approaches to Job Analysis
- Several different job analysis approaches are used to gather data, each with specific advantages and disadvantages:
- Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ): A quantifiable data collection method covering 195 different worker-oriented tasks.
- Critical Incident Method: Identifying important job tasks for success through interviews with employees or managers.
- Task Inventory Analysis: An organization-specific list of tasks and their descriptions used to identify components of different jobs.
- Functional Job Analysis: Uses an inventory of various types of work activities to describe what workers do regarding "information, people, and things."
- Competency-Based Analysis: Focuses on key skills like communication, decision-making, and adaptability to help organizations stay agile in fast-moving environments.
Job Descriptions
- Most job descriptions contain at least three parts:
- Job Title: Provides a sense of status, indicates duties, and shows rank in the company.
- Job Identification Section: This section usually follows the job title.
- Job Summary: Contains a brief overview of the job's purpose and responsibilities.
- Duties and Responsibilities: Outlines the specific tasks and activities performed.
- Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs): Lists the required qualifications, experience, and competencies.
- Working Conditions: Describes the physical environment, work schedule, and potential hazards.
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Description
Explore key concepts in modern business practices including nearshoring, homeshoring, and employee leasing. Understand how these strategies enhance productivity and adapt to economic changes. This quiz covers the evolving landscape of job outsourcing and domestic employment strategies.
