Questions and Answers
What is the minimum permitted bending radius for the connection cable?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the CPU assembly?
What is the weight of the bushing coupling unit?
What is the degree of protection for the control cabinet?
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Which connector is used for the connection terminal X1?
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What is the maximum power consumption for the CP5.241 assembly?
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What is the permitted ambient temperature during the operation of the bushing coupling unit?
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What is the nominal power consumption of the PS assembly with a 24...60 VDC operating voltage?
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Which of the following voltage ranges is permissible for the QS3.241 assembly?
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What is the maximum total weight permitted for the control cabinet model 1500?
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Which bushing adapter has an outer thread of M30 x 1.5?
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What is the weight of the bushing adapter A005?
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Which bushing adapter features an inner thread of G¾″?
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What is the permitted ambient temperature range for all bushing adapters listed?
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Which bushing adapter has a gasket size of 64 x 3 NBR 70?
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What type of gasket is used in bushing adapter A004?
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Which bushing adapter has the largest diameter dimension?
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What degree of protection do all bushing adapters provide according to IEC 60529?
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Which bushing adapter uses an O-ring with dimensions 14 x 2 NBR 70?
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Which adapter type has an input test tap diameter of Ø 5 mm?
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What is the recommended placement for grounding of the bushing coupling unit?
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Which capacitance value is specified for the coupling unit used with bushing monitoring systems?
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What action is required after a red event is generated in the monitoring system?
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What safety feature is included in coupling units to protect against overvoltage?
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What typical weight is associated with an 800 kV bushing coupling unit?
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What is the role of the user interface in the bushing monitoring system?
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What is the main component of a graded bushing that ensures a homogeneous dielectric field?
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What are the default warning and alarm limits for bushing monitoring variations?
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What is a critical step after installation of a bushing monitoring system?
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Which type of bushing is characterized by its oil content, aiding insulation but posing certain risks?
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Why is the separation of the bushing adapter and coupling unit important?
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What is a significant advantage of online monitoring of bushings compared to offline measurements?
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What characteristic distinguishes graded bushings from non-graded bushings?
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Which construction component is responsible for capacitance measurement in a bushing?
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What is a key disadvantage of offline measurement methods for bushing health assessment?
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Which bushing technology is considered more reliable and easier to handle due to its dry method?
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In which component of a bushing can grading foils be found?
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What do capacitance and dissipation factor measurements indicate about a bushing?
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Which component of the EOS bushing monitoring system directly connects to the bushing's test tap?
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What is the role of the Bushing Coupling Unit (BCU) in the monitoring system?
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How does temperature affect capacitance and tan Delta values in bushing monitoring?
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What is the primary advantage of the Double Reference Method in bushing diagnostics?
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Why is it essential to secure the connection of the bushing adapter to the measuring tap?
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What is a key factor in the design of the EOS bushing monitoring system?
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What can be a consequence of operating bushings without protective covers?
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Study Notes
Bushing Adapter Technical Data
-
Bushing Adapter A001
- Type: Micafil (RTKF, RTKG)
- Dimensions: Ø 50 x 64 mm
- Input: Ø 4 mm (female), Inner thread G¾″, O-ring gasket (40 x 2 NBR 70)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 170 g
-
Bushing Adapter A002
- Type: HSP (SETFt 1550/420-1800, SETFt 600/123-2000)
- Dimensions: Ø 50 x 60 mm
- Input: Ø 4 mm (female), Outer thread M30 x 1.5, Flat gasket (26 x 35 x 2, 65 Shore)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 180 g
-
Bushing Adapter A003
- Type: ABB (GOB 1050-750-1100-0.6-B, GSA 123-OA/1600/0.5, GSA 52-OA/2000/0.5)
- Dimensions: Ø 40 x 82 mm
- Input: Ø 4 mm (female), Outer thread M30 x 2, O-ring gasket (32 x 2 NBR 70)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 190 g
-
Bushing Adapter A004
- Type: Trench (COT 750-800)
- Dimensions: Ø 25 x 61 mm
- Input: Ø 4 mm (female), Outer thread M16 x 1.5, O-ring gasket (14 x 2 NBR 70)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 60 g
-
Bushing Adapter A005
- Type: HSP (multiple models including SETFt and SESTFt)
- Dimensions: Ø 45 x 71 mm
- Input: Ø 4 mm (female), Outer thread M24 x 1.5, O-ring gasket (22 x 2.5 NBR 70)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 100 g
-
Bushing Adapter A006
- Type: PCORE (multiple standards and voltage ratings)
- Dimensions: Ø 80 x 104 mm
- Input: Ø 8 mm (female), Outer thread 2¼″ – 12 UNF, O-ring gasket (64 x 3 NBR 70)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 190 g
-
Bushing Adapter A007
- Type: PCORE (B-81515-57-70)
- Dimensions: Ø 40 x 60 mm
- Input: Ø 5 mm (contact spring), Outer thread 1¼″ – 12 UNF, O-ring gasket (32 x 2 NBR 70)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 190 g
-
Bushing Adapter A008
- Type: Passoni Villa (PNO, POBO, PCTO, PAO) for < 110 kV
- Dimensions: Ø 45 x 70 mm
- Input: Ø 8 mm (female), Outer thread 1⅛″ – 12 UNF, O-ring gasket (25 x 2.5 NBR 70)
- Output: N female connector
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 150 g
-
Bushing Adapter A010
- Type: ABB O Plus C (O Plus Dry)
- Dimensions: Ø 35 x 79 mm
- Input: Ø 9 mm (contact spring), Outer thread 3/4″ – 14 NS PM, O-ring gasket (24 x 2 NVQ 70)
- Output: Compatible with varying requirements
- Operating Temperature: -40°C to +90°C
- Protection Degree: IP 66 (IEC 60529)
- Weight: Approximately 142 g
Bushing Coupling Unit
- Dimensions: 117 x 100 x 60 mm (width x height x depth)
- Input: N female connector
- Output: TNC female connector for voltage measurement; optional for partial discharge measurement
- Capacitance: Customizable between 0.033 µF to 4.7 µF (± 5%)
- Output Voltage: Type (RMS): 75 V AC, maximum range noted.### Bushing Coupling Unit
- Operating temperature range: -40 to +80 °C
- Protection degree: IP 66
- Weight: approximately 1.2 kg
Connection Cable
- Cable type: RG142/U
- Length options: 0.8 m (Bushing adapter to bushing coupling unit), 10 m, 15 m, or 25 m (based on order)
- Connectors: N connectors on both sides; TNC connector on one side
- Minimum bending radius: 50 mm
Control Cabinet
- Dimensions for models 1200 and 1500: 779 x 1336 x 483 mm and 779 x 1647 x 483 mm respectively
- Heating power: 100 W (1200) and 150 W (1500)
- Input voltage: 220...240 V AC, max. 10 A
- Protection degree: IP66
- Corrosion category: C4 high to C5 high
- Maximum weight: 150 kg (1200) and 200 kg (1500)
ISM® Assemblies
- Connection terminals:
- X1: Max. 250 VAC
- X10: Max. 150 VAC
QS3.241 Assembly
- Voltage range: 85...276 VAC, 88...375 VDC
- Frequency: 50/60 Hz
- Continuous power consumption: 66 W
CP5.241 Assembly
- Voltage range: 85...264 VAC, 88...180 VDC
- Frequency: 50/60 Hz
- Continuous power consumption: 97.5 W
PS Assembly
- Voltage range: 18...78 VDC
- Nominal power consumption: 19.2 W (8620) and 55 W (8640)
- Power output: 12 W (8620) and 45 W (8640)
CPU I Assembly
- Processor speed: 266 MHz
- RAM: 256 MB
- Interfaces:
- 1x serial RS232/485
- 3x Ethernet 10/100 Mbps
- 1x USB 2.0
- 2x CAN interfaces
- Application memory: 1 GB
- Power supply: +24 V DC (18...36 V DC)
Interface Specifications
- RS232/RS485 connections:
- RXD, TXD, GND pins defined
- USB 2.0:
- VCC, D-, D+, GND pins defined
- Ethernet:
- TxD+, TxD-, RxD+, NC pins defined
- CAN:
- CAN-L, CAN-GND, CAN-H pins defined
Optional Accessories
- CAN bus: Terminating resistor required
- Media converters available for COM2 interface with multiple options for fiber-optic cable conversions
CPU Technical Data
- Processor speed: 800 MHz
- RAM: 512 MB
- Application memory: 4 GB
- Output capabilities: 2 isolated outputs for watchdog/error messaging
- Nominal voltage: 24/48/60 V DC
- Continuous current: 1 A
UI 5-3
- Measurement type: 3-phase
- Standard voltage measurement: UN (RMS): 100 VAC
- Measuring range (RMS): 19.6 to 150 VAC
- Measuring accuracy range: -25 to +70 °C
Session Overview
- Fifth session of the live training series "Itos for Customers" emphasizes embedded Transformer Operating System (ITOS), focusing on bushing monitoring.
- Co-hosted by transformer technology experts Florian Meer and Peter Shelter.
Bushing Basics
- Bushings facilitate high voltage and current transfer through grounded structures like transformer tanks.
- Two primary types of bushings: graded (starting at 70 kV) and non-graded.
Graded Bushings Explained
- Graded bushings have capacitance layers that promote a uniform dielectric field.
- Visual simulations illustrate the electric field stress differences, showcasing graded insulation advantages.
Bushing Construction
- Key components include:
- Central conductor made of aluminum.
- Insulation composed of grading foils and impregnated paper.
- A measuring tab for capacitance assessment.
- Cut-open bushing examples reveal internal structure and layer arrangement.
Technologies in Bushing Manufacturing
- Two main technologies for bushings:
-
Oil-Impregnated Paper (OIP):
- Contains oil for insulation, yet poses fire and contamination hazards.
- Widely used in distribution transformers.
-
Resin-Impregnated Paper (RIP):
- Dry technology, offering better reliability and storage efficiency.
- Generally more expensive than OIP bushings.
-
Oil-Impregnated Paper (OIP):
Health Monitoring of Bushings
- Assessment methods categorized into:
- Offline Measurements: Highly accurate but infrequent (every several years), potentially missing rapid condition changes.
- Online Monitoring: Continuous health tracking enabling timely offline diagnostics during detected changes.
Key Factors in Bushing Health
- Essential measurements include:
- Capacitance: Indicates the health condition of capacitive layers.
- Dissipation Factor (tan Delta): Reflects insulation quality, changing gradually; both values noted on bushing nameplates.
Diagnostics Devices Overview
- Diagnostics devices are essential for offline measurements which necessitate transformer shutdown.
- Offline diagnostics differ from online monitoring, which operates continuously during transformer function.
Online Monitoring System
- The EOS bushing monitoring system (msense BM) consists of:
- Bushing Adapter: Connects to the bushing's test tap for voltage detection.
- Bushing Coupling Unit (BCU): Adapts voltage for measurement compatibility.
- Measuring Card: Analyzes data for health assessment.
Bushing Adapter Details
- Adapters must accommodate various bushing types, featuring different thread lengths and pin sizes.
- Standardized connection style across adapters; however, internal designs vary significantly.
Safety and Voltage Concerns
- Operating unprotected bushings can lead to dangerous conditions and equipment damage risks.
- Adapters act in place of test tap covers to ground the bushing effectively during measurements.
Measurement Parameters
- Capacitance and dissipation factor (tan Delta) are critical to monitor bushing health.
- Capacitance is a primary target, while tan Delta is more complex, suitable for critical applications.
Temperature Influence
- Capacitance and tan Delta values can fluctuate significantly with temperature changes.
- Effective monitoring incorporates temperature impacts, utilizing algorithms to minimize error.
Double Reference Method
- Compares neighboring bushings in three-phase transformer systems to neutralize environmental variable effects, improving measurement accuracy.
System Design and Benefits
- The EOS system reduces reliance on additional external sensors, minimizing error sources and false activations.
- Environmental influences like weather and operational conditions are mitigated for accurate readings.
Bushing Adapter Installation
- Correct fastening of the bushing adapter onto the measuring tap is crucial for safety and accuracy.
- Variability in bushing designs may necessitate different adapters, informed by nameplate data.
Coupling Unit Functionality
- BCU maintains grounded resistance essential for precise measurements, calibrated to specific bushing applications.
- Measurement setups depend on system voltage rather than just rated voltage.
Hardware Components Summary
- Measuring cards exist in two generations, both providing accurate voltage readings for analysis.
- Cabinets secure data transfer from bushing adapters to measuring cards for monitoring efficiency.
Practical Considerations
- Follow manufacturer torque specifications during adapter installation for stable connections.
- Understanding proper bushing adapter identification relies on manufacturers' documentation, especially nameplate details.
Bushing Monitoring System Initialization
- Configuration of monitoring parameters is facilitated through a user interface.
- Bushing and coupling unit capacitance values need to be defined for accurate assessments; default alarm limits set at 5% and 10% variations can be customized.
Commissioning and Testing
- Site acceptance tests (SAT) are necessary after installation, as manufacturing conditions differ from real-world scenarios.
- Standardization involves calibrating monitoring parameters to establish baseline conditions.
Event Monitoring and Response
- Monitoring voltage inputs is critical; fluctuations may indicate bushing issues.
- Events categorized as yellow (warning) and red (critical alarm) require operator acknowledgment post-issue resolution.
Redundancy and Safety Features
- Gas discharge tubes in coupling units and adapters safeguard against overvoltage, connecting internal voltage systems to grounded housing.
Troubleshooting
- Missing signals or damaged wiring trigger immediate red events in the monitoring system to alert operators.
- Offline bushing evaluations serve as effective reactive measures to address problems highlighted by alerts.
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Description
This quiz covers essential specifications of bushing adapters, including types such as Micafil and dimensions like Ø 50 x 64 mm. You'll also explore details about the test tap size and other relevant measurements. Perfect for engineering students and professionals.
