Buffer Systems and pH Regulation Quiz

What is the mechanism of compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

Retention of carbon dioxide (correct)
Increased reabsorption of bicarbonate
Depression of respiration
Elevation of pCO2

In metabolic acidosis, what causes the reduction in bicarbonate levels?

Increased bicarbonate reabsorption
Reduced bicarbonate loss
Increased use of bicarbonate for buffering acids (correct)
Retaining carbon dioxide

What is the renal compensation mechanism for respiratory acidosis?

Reducing bicarbonate reabsorption
Retaining carbon dioxide
Increased bicarbonate reabsorption (correct)
Elevating pCO2

How does compensation occur for respiratory alkalosis at the renal level?

Reducing bicarbonate reabsorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?

Retaining carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which equation describes the relationship between pH, bicarbonate concentration, and carbonic acid concentration in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

pH = 6.1 + log ([HCO3 –] / [H2CO3 ]) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lungs in regulating the CO2 content of blood?

Removing carbonic acid as CO2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do respiratory chemoreceptors in the brain respond to changes in CO2 concentration in blood?

By causing increased ventilation if CO2 concentration rises (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of tissue cell metabolism in relation to CO2 production?

Production of CO2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys contribute to acid-base balance?

By eliminating hydrogen ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in relation to pH?

It determines the pH based on bicarbonate and carbonic acid concentrations. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of blood pH falling below 6.8 or rising above 7.8?

Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the blood pH in normal cell metabolism?

7.35-7.45 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used in clinical medicine when blood pH is greater than 7.45?

Alkalosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal buffer system in blood?

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3 –) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 lines of defense for maintaining blood pH according to the text?

Neurological response (A) Signup and view all the answers

What do buffers do in a solution?

Minimize or resist changes in pH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is abundant in renal tubule cells and facilitates the formation of carbonic acid from CO2 and H2O?

Carbonic anhydrase (A) Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory acidosis, what is the main cause of the increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)?

Inadequate alveolar ventilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which blood test parameter is used to monitor acid-base disturbances along with arterial blood pH and pCO2?

Concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3⁻) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in respiratory alkalosis?

Excessive alveolar ventilation (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are hydrogen ions eliminated from the body in urine?

As free ions in urine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ's malfunction can lead to disturbances in acid-base balance according to the provided text?

Lungs (C) Signup and view all the answers