BSMLS 3F Mycology & Virology: Arthropod & Rodent-Borne Viruses
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of multiplication of the Togavirus in a susceptible vertebrate host?

  • Lymph node and other tissues
  • Myeloid and lymphoid cells, and vascular endothelium (correct)
  • CNS and bloodstream
  • Skin and joints

    • What is the role of E2 protein in the transmission of CHKV?

  • Triggers the activation of innate immune response
  • Envelopes the nucleocapsid
  • Allows the virus to enter the host
  • Mediates cell attachment (correct)

    • What is the typical incubation period of CHKV?

  • 5-7 days
  • 10-14 days
  • 1-2 days
  • 2-4 days (correct)

    • What is the name of the interferon produced via activation of non-hematopoietic cells during CHKV infection?

    <p>Type 1 interferon (IFN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the nucleocapsid of the Togavirus?

    <p>70 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cycle of transmission that involves an animal (wild animal) as a major host?

    <p>Sylvatic Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of viral fusion protein that E1 is classified as?

    <p>Class II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major host of the CHKV?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the urban cycle of transmission in CHKV?

    <p>Transmission from human to mosquito to human</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the genome of the Togavirus?

    <p>11-12 kb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of cases where joint pain is a clinical manifestation of dengue?

    <p>92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of recovery from joint pain in dengue patients?

    <p>1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group that is more susceptible to dengue complications?

    <p>65 years old or above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of preventing dengue transmission?

    <p>Removing stagnant water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection in pregnant women?

    <p>The virus can infect the developing fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of viruses that dengue belongs to?

    <p>Flaviviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the virus that causes dengue?

    <p>Flavivirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of nucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of dengue virus?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection in later stages of pregnancy?

    <p>Splenomegaly and osteomyelitis among other birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reservoir of the DENV virus?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period of DENV?

    <p>3-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by the virus that is similar to dengue?

    <p>Zika fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of intrauterine infection during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Low birth weight, mental retardation, deafness, and congenital heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the DENV virus?

    <p>40-60 nm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genome structure of the DENV virus?

    <p>Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of diagnosing DENV infection?

    <p>Detection of specific serum IgG and IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of infected macrophages in DENV infection?

    <p>They produce signaling proteins that help to combat the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a high viral load in DENV infection?

    <p>Severe symptoms and a high risk of mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of collecting two serum samples in diagnosing DENV infection?

    <p>To identify whether the patient has developed antibodies against the virus and to monitor the response to treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of vaccine availability for DENV infection?

    <p>There is no vaccine available to treat DENV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of intrauterine infection during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Low birth weight, mental retardation, deafness, congenital heart disease, and neurologic defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of diagnosing DENV infection?

    <p>Detection of specific serum IgG and IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reservoir of the DENV virus?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of infected macrophages in DENV infection?

    <p>Production of signaling proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a high viral load in DENV infection?

    <p>Severe symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of collecting two serum samples in diagnosing DENV infection?

    <p>To confirm the diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the virus that causes dengue?

    <p>Dengue virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of viral genome of the DENV virus?

    <p>Positive-sense, single stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector of DENV transmission?

    <p>Aedes mosquito</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of E2 protein in the transmission of DENV?

    <p>Not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of CHKV replication in the central nervous system?

    <p>Dependence on the ability of the virus to cross the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Type 1 interferon in CHKV infection?

    <p>Trigger the activation of an innate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission of CHKV?

    <p>Through the bite of an infected mosquito</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target cell type of CHKV in humans?

    <p>Epithelial cells and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of the E1 protein in CHKV?

    <p>Class II viral fusion protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the genome of CHKV?

    <p>Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of viremia in CHKV infection?

    <p>Several days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the urban cycle in CHKV transmission?

    <p>Transmission from human to mosquito to human</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector of CHKV transmission?

    <p>Aedes aegypti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of CHKV infection in pregnant women?

    <p>Vertical transmission to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical manifestation of dengue?

    <p>Joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of infection in pregnant women?

    <p>Congenital anomalies in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of preventing dengue transmission?

    <p>Removing stagnant water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of viruses that dengue belongs to?

    <p>Flaviviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of recovery from joint pain in dengue patients?

    <p>1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group that is more susceptible to dengue complications?

    <p>People over 65 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection in later stages of pregnancy?

    <p>Splenomegaly and osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the virus that causes dengue?

    <p>Flavivirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of infection in an individual?

    <p>Immunity to dengue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of nucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of dengue virus?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of dengue infection in pregnant women?

    <p>Splenomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of dengue cases that exhibit joint pain as a clinical manifestation?

    <p>92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of recovery from joint pain in dengue patients?

    <p>1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of preventing dengue transmission?

    <p>Removing stagnant water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the family of viruses that dengue belongs to?

    <p>Flaviviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of infection in later stages of pregnancy?

    <p>Congenital anomalies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which CHKV triggers the activation of an innate immune response?

    <p>Through the production of cytokines and chemokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the nucleocapsid of the Togavirus?

    <p>It is 70 nm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission of CHKV in the urban cycle?

    <p>From human to mosquito to human</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fibroblasts in CHKV infection?

    <p>They are a target cell type for CHKV replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of intrauterine infection during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Low birth weight, mental retardation, deafness, congenital heart disease, and neurologic defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the genome of the Togavirus?

    <p>It is positive-sense, single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of CHKV replication in the central nervous system?

    <p>It depends on the ability of the virus to cross the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the DENV virus?

    <p>Spherical, 40-60 nm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of diagnosing DENV infection?

    <p>Detection of specific serum IgG and IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of infected macrophages in DENV infection?

    <p>Produce interferons and cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission of DENV?

    <p>Infected female Aedes mosquito bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a high viral load in DENV infection?

    <p>Severe symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of collecting two serum samples in diagnosing DENV infection?

    <p>To confirm the presence of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current status of vaccine availability for DENV infection?

    <p>There is currently no vaccine available</p> Signup and view all the answers

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