12 Questions
What is the primary vector responsible for spreading Arbovirus?
Mosquitos
What is the characteristic feature of Congenital Rubella Syndrome?
Crosses placental barrier leading to congenital pathology
What is the common triad associated with Congenital Rubella Syndrome?
Congenital cataracts, Sensory-neural Deafness, PDA
What is the primary mode of transmission of Rubella?
Respiratory droplet transmission
What is the characteristic rash associated with Rubella in children?
Maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads downward
What is the recommended prevention strategy for Rubella?
Vaccine, MMR, live attenuated vaccine
What is the type of genome possessed by Togavirus?
Positive sense RNA
What is the consequence of maternal Rubella infection during pregnancy?
All of the above
What is the characteristic distribution of the rash in childhood Rubella?
Starts on the face and spreads downward
What is the mode of transmission of Rubella?
Respiratory droplet transmission
What is the recommended vaccine for preventing Rubella?
MMR vaccine
What is the typical duration of the rash in childhood Rubella?
3 days
Study Notes
Togavirus
- Togavirus is a positive sense RNA virus that is enveloped.
- It has a dome-shaped capsid that is not found in the nucleus.
Arbovirus
- Arbovirus is a type of virus that is transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes.
- There are three types of Arbovirus:
- Western equine encephalitis
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis
- Eastern equine encephalitis
Rubella
- Rubella is a childhood disease caused by the Rubella virus.
- The virus can cause congenital abnormalities if the mother is infected during pregnancy.
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) can cause:
- Mental retardation
- Microcephaly
- Deafness
- Blindness
- Cataracts
- Jaundice
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Pulmonic stenosis
- Blueberry muffin rash
Presentations of Rubella
- Congenital presentation:
- TORCHES infection
- MC triad: Congenital cataracts, Sensory-neural Deafness, PDA
- Childhood presentation:
- Post-auricle and occipital lymphadenopathy
- Distinct pattern maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads downward
- Respiratory droplet transmission
- Adult presentation:
- Lymphadenopathy
- Seizures
- Knee pain and arthritis
Prevention and Treatment
- Prevention of Rubella is through vaccination with the MMR vaccine, which is a live attenuated vaccine.
- The vaccine should not be given to pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals.
- HIV patients should receive the vaccine only with a CD4 count above 200.
Virus Characteristics
- The virus produces one long polyprotein protein precursor that is cleaved by proteases.
- The virus can cause congenital abnormalities if the mother is infected during the first semester of pregnancy.
- The virus can cross the placenta and cause abortion.
Togavirus
- Togavirus is a positive sense RNA virus that is enveloped.
- It has a dome-shaped capsid that is not found in the nucleus.
Arbovirus
- Arbovirus is a type of virus that is transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes.
- There are three types of Arbovirus:
- Western equine encephalitis
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis
- Eastern equine encephalitis
Rubella
- Rubella is a childhood disease caused by the Rubella virus.
- The virus can cause congenital abnormalities if the mother is infected during pregnancy.
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) can cause:
- Mental retardation
- Microcephaly
- Deafness
- Blindness
- Cataracts
- Jaundice
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Pulmonic stenosis
- Blueberry muffin rash
Presentations of Rubella
- Congenital presentation:
- TORCHES infection
- MC triad: Congenital cataracts, Sensory-neural Deafness, PDA
- Childhood presentation:
- Post-auricle and occipital lymphadenopathy
- Distinct pattern maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads downward
- Respiratory droplet transmission
- Adult presentation:
- Lymphadenopathy
- Seizures
- Knee pain and arthritis
Prevention and Treatment
- Prevention of Rubella is through vaccination with the MMR vaccine, which is a live attenuated vaccine.
- The vaccine should not be given to pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals.
- HIV patients should receive the vaccine only with a CD4 count above 200.
Virus Characteristics
- The virus produces one long polyprotein protein precursor that is cleaved by proteases.
- The virus can cause congenital abnormalities if the mother is infected during the first semester of pregnancy.
- The virus can cross the placenta and cause abortion.
This quiz covers the characteristics and types of Togaviruses, including Arboviruses, their vectors, and diseases caused by them. It also touches on Rubella, a childhood disease.
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