Brucellosis and Pathogenesis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is indicated by a positive result in the Milk Ring Test?

Whole blood is blue

Blue ring at the surface of the milk (correct)

Cattle show no clinical signs

Reduced milk yield

Which term describes Brucellosis in cattle?

Temperature resistant condition

Non-contagious disease

Vaccine-preventable infection

Zoonotic disease (correct)

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with cattle affected by Brucellosis?

Permanent sterility

Abortion in the last trimester

High temperature

Weight gain (correct)

What is the main diagnostic kit used for diagnosing B.canis?

Brucerocan diag kit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Brucellosis on humans?

Undulant fever and general malaise Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms observed during the chronic phase of the condition?

Edema of testicular bursae and severe pain Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method uses seminal smears?

Microscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common lesion found in rams during advanced stages?

Necrotizing placentitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential modification of semen noted in this condition?

Yellow-greenish appearance and necrozoospermia Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of the condition in ewes during gestation?

Septic metritis and infertility Signup and view all the answers

In terms of lesions, what is observed in the epididymis during advanced stages in rams?

Sclerosis and cysts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used for early detection in serology testing?

Rose Bengal test Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic histopathological finding associated with this condition?

Brucellosis granuloma Signup and view all the answers

Which staining method is used to identify Melitensis?

Partial acid/fast staining Signup and view all the answers

What is the culture medium used for isolating Brucella species?

Brucella agar Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the Rose Bengal agglutination test in chronic cases?

Reduced efficacy in chronic cases Signup and view all the answers

Which serological method is considered one of the most common for large sample quantities?

Competitive ELISA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Brucellin skin test?

To screen unvaccinated ruminants Signup and view all the answers

What does a titer greater than 1:160 in the STAT test indicate?

Presence of IgM or IgG antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon can cause the Rose Bengal test to appear negative despite a high amount of antibodies?

Prozone phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is the required induration size for a positive Brucellin skin test in ruminants?

At least 6mm within 24h Signup and view all the answers

What is the main etiology of Brucellosis in horses?

Brucella abortus Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common clinical sign of Brucellosis in dogs?

Infertility in males Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic clinical outcome of Brucellosis in horses?

Fistulization of supraspinous bursitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a major component of Brucellosis prevention in newly imported animals?

Mandatory quarantine Signup and view all the answers

In grading the immune response, what challenge does the Rev1 vaccine present?

It interferes with serology tests Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is NOT associated with Brucellosis?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Brucella canis in dogs?

Aborted material Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key prevention measure for Brucellosis in horses?

Adequate saddle fitting Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine is Rev1 for Brucellosis?

Live vaccine Signup and view all the answers

What is a common transmission route for Brucella canis in dogs?

Close contact and mating Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Brucella species regarding survival in different environments?

They can survive freezing and thawing. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is effective in reducing Brucella infectivity in milk?

Standard disinfectants like hypochlorite. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species is most susceptible to Brucella infections?

Older animals. Signup and view all the answers

What type of discharge has the highest concentration of Brucella in female cattle?

Vaginal discharge. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary source of Brucella transmission?

Direct contact with infected animals. Signup and view all the answers

How long can Brucella remain infective during winter conditions?

100 days. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant economic impact of Brucella infections in livestock?

Reduced export possibilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pasteurization on Brucella present in milk?

It reduces the infectivity to a safe level. Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the infection susceptibility of pregnant cows by Brucella?

Physiological condition and age. Signup and view all the answers

Which species is considered the most prevalent host for Brucella infections worldwide?

Cattle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of abortus strains S19 and RB51 vaccines in livestock?

Vaccinating calves and heifers to reduce brucellosis incidence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key method in controlling brucellosis in livestock?

Regular surveillance and culling of positive animals Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with brucellosis in small ruminants?

Undulant fever in humans Signup and view all the answers

What are the main sources of brucella transmission from infected animals?

Infected animal milk, urine, and feces Signup and view all the answers

In sheep, what is a common clinical sign of brucellosis?

Hemorrhagic discharge five to seven days postpartum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way to diagnose brucellosis in sheep?

Identification of antibodies through serology Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Brucella infections in small ruminants compared to cattle?

Small ruminants can experience acute phase reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a lesion associated with brucellosis?

Kidney cyst formation Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique transmission route of brucellosis in goats?

Grooming leading to ingestion of infected materials Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is often confused with brucellosis due to similar symptoms in animals?

Leptospirosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Brucellosis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting various animals and humans
It is a gram-negative, rod/coccobacilli, non-motile, non-sporulated, non-capsulated, strict aerobic bacteria
Brucella is an obligate intracellular pathogen that can pass through intact skin
The disease's resistance is high in moist environments and organic matter, surviving freezing and thawing
Commonly found in livestock like cattle, horses, and sheep, brucellosis can spread via contaminated food, water, or direct contact.
The disease can cause chronic reproductive tract issues and arthritis in animals.
Different Brucella species (e.g., abortus, melitensis, suis) affect various animal hosts.
The pathogen demonstrates diverse survival mechanisms in various environments.
The identification of Brucella species is crucial for targeted treatment and prevention strategies.

Pathogenesis

Infection in females occurs via lymphatic systems, and the pathogen enters the bloodstream.
The bacteria disseminate in macrophages throughout the body
Bacteria accumulate in reproductive tissues, leading to chronic reproductive tract problems
Symptoms are evident in some species only after several weeks to months, indicating a long incubation period.
Chronic infections can cause abortion, sterility, and other reproductive disorders.
In males, the bacteria colonize the reproductive tract, leading to orchitis or epididymitis and infertility.
The infection targets reproductive tissues in both males and females, resulting in reproductive problems.

Diagnosis

Various diagnostic tools are available, including culturing, serological tests (e.g., STAT, Rose Bengal test, CFT), and ELISA, to determine Brucella infection.
These tests can detect antibodies specific to Brucella species.
PCR analysis and immunofluorescence assays provide alternative detection methods for the bacteria. These approaches help researchers understand the infection's progression and guide treatment protocols.

Prevention and Control

Prevention strategies focus on controlling infection sources and avoiding animal-to-animal contact.
Vaccination programs tailored to specific livestock and regions are essential for reducing disease prevalence and establishing immunity against animal-borne Brucella.
Strict measures, including quarantine and culling, are vital to prevent the spread of brucellosis.
Public education and hygiene protocols protect humans from animal-to-human zoonotic transmission.
Regular testing and monitoring help in controlling and preventing Brucellosis's spread across populations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the Brucella bacteria. This quiz covers its transmission, symptoms in animals, and the pathogenesis of the infection. Learn about the various Brucella species and their impact on livestock and humans.