Bronchiectasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Yellow Nail Syndrome

Which of the following is the hallmark characteristic of bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis is characterized by a dry cough and minimal sputum production.

What imaging technique is the preferred method for diagnosing bronchiectasis?

Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by yellow fingernails, bronchiectasis, and _________.

Which of the following is a common causative organism in bronchiectasis infections?

Long-term antibiotic use is typically avoided in bronchiectasis management due to the risk of antibiotic resistance.

Name two typical findings on a chest X-ray that may suggest bronchiectasis.

For infective exacerbations in bronchiectasis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the usual antibiotic of choice is _________.

Which of the following signs is NOT commonly associated with bronchiectasis?

Surgical lung resection is a first-line treatment for all patients with bronchiectasis.

Besides antibiotics, what is another key component of bronchiectasis management aimed at clearing sputum?

Patients with bronchiectasis and reduced oxygen saturation may require _________.

A patient with bronchiectasis experiences frequent exacerbations (more than 3 per year) despite optimal management. Which long-term medication is most appropriate to consider?

Cor pulmonale, a potential complication of bronchiectasis, primarily affects the left side of the heart.

What specific inhaled medication is typically used for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in bronchiectasis patients?

Individuals with bronchiectasis should receive vaccinations against pneumococcal infections and _________ to reduce the risk of respiratory infections.

A 55-year-old patient with bronchiectasis and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection develops increased dyspnea and purulent sputum. Despite being on inhaled colistin, their condition worsens. What is the next best step in management?

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency primarily leads to bronchiectasis due to its direct toxic effect on bronchial smooth muscle.

In the context of bronchiectasis, explain how 'tram-track opacities' arise on a chest X-ray.

In a patient with bronchiectasis and suspected cor pulmonale, elevated _________ and peripheral oedema are key clinical signs to look for during physical examination.

Which of the following best describes the primary characteristic of bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis is primarily caused by a genetic predisposition, with environmental factors playing a minimal role.

List three potential causes of damage to the airways that can result in bronchiectasis.

Match the following clinical signs with their potential association with bronchiectasis:

Which of the following is a key presenting symptom of bronchiectasis?

The presence of a 'sputum pot' by the bedside is an uncommon sign in patients with bronchiectasis.

Name two signs of cor pulmonale that might be observed in a patient with bronchiectasis.

Scattered ________ throughout the chest that change or clear with coughing is a sign of bronchiectasis.

Match the following chest x-ray findings with their description in bronchiectasis:

Which of the following is the test of choice for establishing a diagnosis of bronchiectasis?

Sputum culture is not useful in the diagnostic workup of bronchiectasis.

Name two common infective organisms identified via sputum culture in bronchiectasis

Parallel markings of a side-view of the dilated airway on a chest x-ray are referred to as ________ opacities.

Match the following management strategies with their primary role in bronchiectasis:

Which of the following vaccines is typically recommended as part of the general management of bronchiectasis?

Long-term antibiotics are typically prescribed for bronchiectasis only in patients experiencing infrequent exacerbations.

Name two potential pharmaceutical treatments for frequent exacerbations of bronchiectasis.

Inhaled ________ is often prescribed for patients with bronchiectasis who have Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation.

Match the following scenarios with the appropriate duration of antibiotics:

Which antibiotic is typically chosen for exacerbations caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Surgical lung resection is a first-line treatment option for all patients with bronchiectasis.

In addition to antibiotics, what other therapeutic intervention is crucial during infective exacerbations of bronchiectasis?

For breathlessness, ________ bronchodilators may be considered for patients with bronchiectasis.

Match the management strategy with the stage of disease:

A patient with yellow fingernails, bronchiectasis, and lymphoedema most likely has which condition?

Weight gain is a typical sign associated with bronchiectasis.

What imaging modality is used to visualize tram-track opacities and ring shadows in bronchiectasis?

_____ rehabilitation can help improve exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis.

Match the following investigations with the corresponding infective organism:

A patient with bronchiectasis has frequent exacerbations, despite adherence to physiotherapy and vaccinations. What is the next most appropriate step?

Long-term oxygen therapy is not indicated for bronchiectasis.

What is the usual length of antibiotic courses for infective exacerbations of bronchiectasis?

The presence of both scattered wheezes and scattered ________ throughout the chest are clinical signs of bronchiectasis

Match the following signs with their diagnostic purpose:

Which of the following findings on chest auscultation is least likely to be associated with bronchiectasis?

A normal chest x-ray completely rules out the possibility of bronchiectasis.

List three presenting symptoms of bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis involves permanent _______ of the bronchi.

Which of the following statements regarding bronchiectasis management is LEAST accurate?