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Questions and Answers

What is the abiotic reservoir of the nitrogen cycle?

  • Plants
  • Soil
  • Water
  • Atmosphere (correct)

    • Which of the following is a negative outcome of the Green Revolution?

  • Higher agricultural yields
  • Increased food affordability
  • Improved gender roles in agriculture
  • Environmental damage through chemical fertilizers (correct)

    • Which practice describes the introduction of technology from more developed countries to farmers in less developed countries during the Green Revolution?

  • Sustainable farming
  • Industrial agriculture
  • Technical assistance
  • Technology transfer (correct)

    • The term 'nitrification' is associated with which part of the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>Conversion of ammonia to nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does species richness refer to in an ecosystem?

    <p>The total number of different species present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a food web and a food chain?

    <p>A food web represents all the food chains in an ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the type of ecosystems found in a region?

    <p>Population density of humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stability in an ecosystem refer to?

    <p>The resistance to changes within the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is habitat heterogeneity?

    <p>The variety of habitats within an ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the complexity of a food web contribute to ecosystem resilience?

    <p>A more complex and interconnected community increases resilience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of 'double cropping'?

    <p>Harvesting twice a year from the same field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biomagnification?

    <p>The increase of toxin concentration in organisms at higher trophic levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 10% rule in an ecological pyramid indicate?

    <p>On average, 10% of biomass from one level is available to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do detritus food webs play in biogeochemical cycles?

    <p>They return nitrogen back to the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reservoir in the context of a biogeochemical cycle?

    <p>A location where essential elements are stored for long periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes a food web from an ecological pyramid?

    <p>A food web represents species interactions, while a pyramid focuses on productivity at each trophic level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem is known for providing the greatest amount of habitat heterogeneity?

    <p>Tropical ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does habitat heterogeneity relate to species richness as you approach the equator?

    <p>Species richness increases as you move closer to the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason biodiversity is important to humans related to goods?

    <p>Availability of food, fuel, and medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why biodiversity is important to humans?

    <p>High levels of urban development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym HIPPCO stand for in relation to human impacts on ecosystems?

    <p>Habitat, Invasive species, Pollution, Population growth, Climate change, Over exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of ecosystem stability is enhanced by biodiversity?

    <p>Resilience based on genetic variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human impact described by HIPPCO involves the introduction of non-native species into an ecosystem?

    <p>Invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend in species richness is observed as one moves from the poles toward the equator?

    <p>Species richness increases toward the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ecological footprint?

    <p>The amount of natural resources needed to sustain the population's current quality of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Endangered Species Act (ESA)?

    <p>To identify species at risk and provide assistance for their recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a biodiversity hotspot?

    <p>It has a high number of endemic species and is threatened by habitat loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CITES is primarily aimed at protecting which of the following?

    <p>The international trade of endangered species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been observed as evidence of global climate change over the last century?

    <p>Rise in sea levels and rising ocean temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of assistance does the ESA provide to landowners?

    <p>Guidance on how to coexist with rare species while meeting economic needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is crop and genetic diversity important for agriculture?

    <p>It helps in resisting pests and diseases more effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diet is generally considered more efficient in supplying food to the world population?

    <p>Grain-based diet, as it requires fewer natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind irreducible complexity?

    <p>All components of a system are necessary for its function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In gel electrophoresis, what role does the buffer play?

    <p>It maintains pH and conducts electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the cathode in gel electrophoresis?

    <p>It has a negative charge and attracts DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects characterizes science as a way of knowing?

    <p>Science demands empirical evidence for its conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Behe's concept of irreducible complexity challenge the idea of evolution?

    <p>It suggests that complex systems could not have arisen through gradual changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the general goals of science?

    <p>To enhance our understanding of the natural world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the relationship between the biblical metanarrative and science literacy?

    <p>Knowing the biblical metanarrative aids in understanding scientific principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tentative knowledge' in science refer to?

    <p>Knowledge that is subject to change with new evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes empirical evidence from inferences?

    <p>Empirical evidence is gathered through senses, while inferences are interpretations based on observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'peer-reviewed work' imply?

    <p>It means the work has been evaluated by experts and meets scientific standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scientific method, what is the purpose of inductive reasoning?

    <p>To derive general conclusions from specific observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of controlled variables in experimental research?

    <p>They provide the baseline to compare the effects of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a hypothesis differ from a scientific law?

    <p>A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a law describes consistent natural phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the dependent variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is measured to observe the outcome of changes made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is communal objectivity important in scientific research?

    <p>It promotes collaboration and minimizes personal biases in findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the typical method of science?

    <p>Observing specific instances in nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Information

    • Study guides can be used in several ways for preparation.
    • Active learning exercises and website resources should be consulted.

    Topic 10: Ecosystems

    • An ecosystem combines living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components.

    • Biomes are large areas distinguished by specific plant communities, and are classified into ecosystems.

    • Ecosystems involve specific interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, while biomes classify areas by species and temperature.

    • The generalized ecosystem model shows the exchange of materials

    • Two foundational processes are photosynthesis (primary production) and respiration.

    • Photosynthesis is a key reaction in the ecosystem, using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich compounds

    • Respiration is where energy is released and creates by-products such as carbon dioxide and water.

    • Productivity is the rate of energy accumulation in an ecosystem and is measured by biomass.

    • The total energy produced less respiration is equal to Net Primary Productivity (NPP).

    • Gross primary production is the total energy assimilated by primary producers.

    Topic 11: Biodiversity and Environmental Ethics

    • Three types of biodiversity are genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
    • Precipitation, vegetation, and geography determine ecosystems.
    • Habitat heterogeneity is the diversity of habitat types and is greatest in tropical ecosystems.
    • Species richness increases as you move closer to the equator.
    • Biodiversity is vital for humans.
    • Humans impact ecosystems through HIPPCO (habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population growth, climate change and overexploitation).

    Topic 12: Biological Evolution

    • The theory of evolution has established three key facts: humans are not superior to other living beings; the world is not static; and life's development has no purpose.
    • Descent with modification is a process by which species change over time due to natural selection causing new species to evolve.
    • Evolutionary processes can explain the diversity of life.
    • Natural selection is the process where changes benefit organisms leading to their increased survival and reproduction.

    General Biology 1000

    • The IPAT equation is an equation showing the relationship between a human population and its impact on the environment.
    • The text highlights several processes and concepts applicable to ecology and environmental studies.

    Lab 7: Biotechnology Lab

    • Gel electrophoresis separates molecules like DNA based on size using electrical current.
    • Analysis of the resulting gel can help identify unknown substances.

    Topic Outline 01: Nature of Science and Biology

    • Science aims to understand the natural world.
    • 6 key aspects of science are empirical evidence, logical reasoning, tentative or contingent knowledge and biases of practitioners.
    • Science is based on observation and inference.
    • Scientific knowledge is based on peer review and experimentation
    • The scientific method involves observation, description, inference, proposing explanations and testing explanations.
    • Inductive and deductive reasoning are important for drawing conclusions in science.
    • Non-experimental research methods (ex post facto) analyze relationships between variables.

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