90 Questions
Which of the following components make up the intracranial vault according to the Monro-Kellie rule?
Brain, Blood, and CSF
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?
10-20 cm H2O
In the context of intracranial pressure, what does CPP stand for?
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
What is the late sign of increased ICP involving pupil response?
Dilated and fixed
Which breathing pattern is associated with midbrain involvement in increased ICP?
Apneustic Breathing
Which term describes a breathing pattern with apnea alternating with hyperventilation in cases of diffuse cortical involvement in increased ICP?
Apneustic Breathing
What is the term for a condition where one or both anterior cerebral arteries become trapped, causing infarction of paramedian cortex?
Cingulate gyrus
Which type of brain edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?
Cytotoxic
What is the term for the condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
What does CPP stand for in the context of increased ICP?
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
Which of the following is the primary danger of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that can lead to a loss of all brainstem reflexes and brain death?
Decreased cerebral blood flow
What is the term for the condition where the brainstem is compressed by an infratentorial mass, causing patchy ischemia?
Tonsillar herniation
What type of brain edema is primarily associated with obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow?
Interstitial
Which component of the Monro-Kellie rule describes the brain itself?
Brain
What is the earliest and most reliable indicator of increased ICP?
Papilledema
Which part of the brain is responsible for the control of temperature?
Hypothalamus
What is the term for a condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
What is the term for a prolonged pause at the end of inspiration in the context of increased ICP?
Ataxic breathing
Which medication is known to have a delayed osmotic effect and is used for the management of increased ICP, with an onset in 15-30 minutes and duration from 1 to 6 hours?
IV mannitol
What is the primary danger of increased ICP that can disturb brain function by leading to a loss of all brainstem reflexes, cessation of respiration, and brain death?
Transtentorial herniation
Which of the following is the primary danger of increased ICP that can lead to a loss of all brainstem reflexes, cessation of respiration, and brain death?
Transtentorial herniation
What is the term for the abnormal breathing pattern characterized by prolonged inhalation and brief exhalation?
Apneustic breathing
Which sign is indicative of transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
What is the recommended treatment for increased ICP?
Hypothalamus
What is the term for the swelling of the optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure?
Papilledema
Which of the following is a breathing pattern associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that involves a prolonged pause at the end of inspiration?
Apneustic Breathing
What is the term for a breathing pattern with apnea alternating with hyperventilation in cases of diffuse cortical involvement in increased ICP?
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Which type of brain edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?
Cytotoxic
What is the term for the condition where one or both anterior cerebral arteries become trapped, causing infarction of paramedian cortex?
Cingulate gyrus
What is the primary danger of increased ICP that can disturb brain function by leading to a loss of all brainstem reflexes, cessation of respiration, and brain death?
Transtentorial herniation
Which of the following is NOT one of the three components that make up the intracranial vault according to the Monro-Kellie rule?
Skin
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?
15-22 cm H2O
In the context of intracranial pressure, what does CPP stand for?
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
What is the late sign of increased ICP involving pupil response?
Dilated and fixed
Which breathing pattern is associated with midbrain involvement in increased ICP?
Apneustic Breathing
Which nursing management is recommended for a patient with increased ICP?
Minimal suctioning
Which part of the brain is responsible for the control of temperature?
Hypothalamus
Which part of the brain is pushed under the falx cerebri by an expanding mass high in a cerebral hemisphere?
Medial temporal lobe
Which breathing pattern is associated with diffuse cortical involvement in increased ICP?
Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation
What is the term for a condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
Which of the following is a potential sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants?
Bulging fontanelle
What is the term for the condition where an infratentorial mass compresses the brainstem, causing patchy ischemia?
Tonsillar herniation
What type of brain edema is primarily associated with obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow?
Interstitial
Which part of the brain is pushed under the falx cerebri by an expanding mass high in a cerebral hemisphere, causing infarction of paramedian cortex?
Cingulate gyrus
What is the primary treatment for increased ICP when it is due to a causative lesion like a tumor?
Surgical removal of the lesion
Which term describes a breathing pattern with apnea alternating with hyperventilation in cases of diffuse cortical involvement in increased ICP?
Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation
What is the term for a condition where one or both anterior cerebral arteries become trapped, causing infarction of paramedian cortex?
Cingulate gyrus
Which type of brain edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?
Cytotoxic
What is the term for the condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
In the context of increased ICP, what does CPP stand for?
Central Perfusion Pressure
Which of the following is the primary danger of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that can lead to a loss of all brainstem reflexes, cessation of respiration, and brain death?
Transtentorial herniation
Which condition involves the compression of the brainstem by an infratentorial mass, causing patchy ischemia?
Medial temporal lobe
Which medication is known to have a delayed osmotic effect and is used for the management of increased ICP, with an onset in 15-30 minutes and duration from 1 to 6 hours?
IV mannitol
Which of the following is a breathing pattern associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that involves prolonged inhalation and brief exhalation?
Apneustic Breathing
Which breathing pattern associated with increased ICP involves a prolonged pause at the end of inspiration?
Apneustic breathing
What is the term for a condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
In the context of increased ICP, what does CPP stand for?
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
What is the term for the condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan's sign
Which component of the Monro-Kellie rule describes the brain itself?
Brain
Which medication is known to have a delayed osmotic effect and is used for the management of increased ICP, with an onset in 15-30 minutes and duration from 1 to 6 hours?
IV mannitol
Which of the following is a potential sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants?
Bulging fontanelle
What is the term for the condition where the medial temporal lobe is squeezed by a unilateral mass under the tent?
Transtentorial herniation
What is the primary treatment for increased ICP when it is due to a causative lesion like a tumor?
Surgical removal of the lesion
Which breathing pattern is associated with pons involvement in increased ICP?
Apneustic Breathing
What is the term for the upward movement of the cerebellum that compresses the brainstem?
Upward transtentorial herniation
Which of the following is a breathing pattern associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that involves prolonged inhalation and brief exhalation?
Ataxic breathing
What is the term for a breathing pattern with apnea alternating with hyperventilation in cases of diffuse cortical involvement in increased ICP?
Apneustic Breathing
What is the term for a condition where one or both anterior cerebral arteries become trapped, causing infarction of paramedian cortex?
Cingulate gyrus
Which type of brain edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?
Cytotoxic
What is the term for the condition where the medial temporal lobe is squeezed by a unilateral mass under the tent?
Tonsillar herniation
Which of the following is NOT one of the three components that make up the intracranial vault according to the Monro-Kellie rule?
Skin, Skull, Brain
What is the term for a condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
Which type of brain edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?
Cytotoxic
What is the primary treatment for increased ICP in cases such as tumors and hematomas?
Removal of causative lesion
What is the recommended nursing management for a patient with increased ICP?
Elevate head of bed about 30 degrees
Which of the following is the breathing pattern associated with midbrain involvement in increased ICP?
Apneustic Breathing
What is the term for a condition where an infratentorial mass compresses the brainstem, causing patchy ischemia?
Kernohan’s sign
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?
5-10 mmHg
Which type of brain edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?
Cytotoxic
What is the earliest and most reliable indicator of increased ICP?
Papilledema
Which of the following breathing patterns is associated with diffuse cortical involvement in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation
What is the term for a condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
In the context of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), what does CPP stand for?
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
Which component of the Monro-Kellie rule describes the brain itself?
Brain
Which medication is known to have a delayed osmotic effect and is used for the management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), with an onset in 15-30 minutes and duration from 1 to 6 hours?
IV mannitol
Which of the following is the primary danger of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that can lead to a loss of all brainstem reflexes, cessation of respiration, and brain death?
Transtentorial herniation
What is the term for the condition where the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle can be affected in transtentorial herniation?
Kernohan’s sign
Which medication is known to have a delayed osmotic effect and is used for the management of increased ICP, with an onset in 15-30 minutes and duration from 1 to 6 hours?
Medial temporal lobe
Which type of brain edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
What is the term for a condition where one or both anterior cerebral arteries become trapped, causing infarction of paramedian cortex?
Brain
Study Notes
Intracranial Vault and Pressure
- According to the Monro-Kellie rule, the intracranial vault consists of three components: brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- The normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults is 5-15 mmHg.
- CPP stands for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure.
Increased ICP
- Increased ICP can lead to a loss of all brainstem reflexes, cessation of respiration, and brain death.
- The primary danger of increased ICP is brainstem compression, leading to a loss of all brainstem reflexes and brain death.
Breathing Patterns
- Cheyne-Stokes respirations are associated with diffuse cortical involvement in increased ICP.
- Apneustic breathing is associated with pons involvement in increased ICP.
- Biot's breathing is associated with midbrain involvement in increased ICP.
Brain Edema
- Cytotoxic edema is primarily associated with failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size.
- Interstitial edema is primarily associated with obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow.
Herniation
- Transtentorial herniation can cause the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve and cerebral peduncle to be affected.
- Uncal herniation occurs when the medial temporal lobe is squeezed by a unilateral mass under the tent.
- Upward herniation occurs when the cerebellum compresses the brainstem.
Management
- The primary treatment for increased ICP when it is due to a causative lesion like a tumor is surgical removal.
- Mannitol is a medication known to have a delayed osmotic effect and is used for the management of increased ICP, with an onset in 15-30 minutes and duration from 1 to 6 hours.
- Recommended nursing management for a patient with increased ICP is to maintain a quiet, calm environment, and to monitor vital signs and neurological status.
Other
- The hypothalamus is responsible for the control of temperature.
- Papilledema is the swelling of the optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure.
- The earliest and most reliable indicator of increased ICP is a change in pupil response.
Test your knowledge on various breathing patterns and neurological conditions with this quiz. Identify terms such as Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation, and Apneustic Breathing. Challenge yourself with questions on brain anatomy, signs of cerebral perfusion pressure, and more.
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