Mastering Increased Intracranial Pressure

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following components make up the intracranial vault?

Brain, Blood, and CSF (correct)

Brain, Blood, and Heart

Brain, Lungs, and CSF

Heart, Blood, and Lungs

What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?

10 to 20 cm H₂O

8 to 18 mmHg (correct)

80 to 100 mmHg

15 to 22 cmH₂O

Which of the following is true about cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

CPP = ICP + MAP

CPP = MAP + ICP

CPP = ICP - MAP

CPP = MAP - ICP (correct)

What is the significance of a CPP less than 70 mmHg?

It indicates inadequate cerebral perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest and most reliable indicator of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Decreased level of consciousness (LOC) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Dilated and fixed pupils Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for Cushing's Triad in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Ischemia or pressure on the brainstem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an abnormal motor function associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Hemiparesis Signup and view all the answers

What type of breathing pattern is associated with diffuse cortical involvement in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Cheyne-Stokes respiration: apnea alternating with hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for sustained regular, rapid, and deep breathing associated with midbrain involvement in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Head trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of brain edema characterized by increased permeability of brain capillary endothelial cells?

Vasogenic Signup and view all the answers

Which herniation syndrome involves the medial temporal lobe being squeezed by a unilateral mass under the tent?

Transtentorial herniation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cellular energy (ATP) failure in brain edema?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment for increased ICP involves aggressive hyperventilation to lower pCO2 levels below 25 mmHg?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the best treatment for increased ICP?

Removal of causative lesion Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is recommended for a patient with increased ICP?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of increased ICP?

Herniation Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of brain edema characterized by failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?

Cytotoxic Signup and view all the answers

Which herniation syndrome involves the cingulate gyrus being pushed under the falx cerebri by an expanding mass high in a cerebral hemisphere?

Subfalcine herniation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?

10 to 20 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where an increase in one element of the intracranial vault occurs at the expense of others?

Monro-Kellie rule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Pupillary reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where the brainstem is compressed due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Decerebrate posturing Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest and most reliable indicator of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Decreased level of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components make up the intracranial vault?

Brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for Cushing's Triad in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Decreased cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Papilledema Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

80 to 100 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Increased brain size Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of brain edema?

Ischemic Signup and view all the answers

Which herniation syndrome involves both temporal lobes herniating?

Central herniation Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment for increased ICP involves removal of causative lesions such as tumors and hematomas?

Surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing intervention recommended for a patient with increased ICP?

Elevate head of bed about 30 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Cessation of respirations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary cause of cellular energy (ATP) failure in brain edema?

Hypoxic-ischemic injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of increased ICP?

Herniation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a classification of brain edema characterized by increased permeability of brain capillary endothelial cells?

Vasogenic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of breathing pattern associated with diffuse cortical involvement in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Ataxic breathing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intracranial Vault Components

The intracranial vault consists of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood volume.

Normal Range for ICP and CPP

Normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults: 0-15 mmHg
Normal range for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP): 70-150 mmHg

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)

CPP is the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP
CPP less than 70 mmHg is significant and can lead to ischemia

Signs of Increased ICP

Earliest and most reliable indicator: alteration in mental status
Late sign: unequal or dilated pupils
Abnormal motor function: posturing
Type of breathing pattern associated with diffuse cortical involvement: Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Sustained regular, rapid, and deep breathing associated with midbrain involvement: central neurogenic hyperventilation

Brain Edema

Classification characterized by increased permeability of brain capillary endothelial cells: vasogenic edema
Classification characterized by failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size: cytotoxic edema

Herniation Syndromes

Uncal herniation syndrome: medial temporal lobe is squeezed by a unilateral mass under the tent
Subfalcine herniation syndrome: cingulate gyrus is pushed under the falx cerebri by an expanding mass high in a cerebral hemisphere
Central herniation syndrome: both temporal lobes herniate

Treatment and Interventions

Treatment for increased ICP: removal of causative lesions such as tumors and hematomas
Nursing intervention: elevation of head of bed to 30-45 degrees
Complications of increased ICP: brainstem compression, cerebral edema, and decreased CPP

Other

The Monro-Kellie doctrine: an increase in one element of the intracranial vault occurs at the expense of others
Cushing's Triad: increased ICP leads to hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration

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Description

Test your knowledge on Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) and its impact on the intracranial vault. Explore the Monro-Kellie rule and understand the normal ranges of ICP in different age groups. Dive into the pathophysiology of ICP and enhance your understanding of this dynamic condition.

Mastering Increased Intracranial Pressure

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following components make up the intracranial vault?

What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?

Which of the following is true about cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

What is the significance of a CPP less than 70 mmHg?

What is the earliest and most reliable indicator of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

What is the reason for Cushing's Triad in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following is an abnormal motor function associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

What type of breathing pattern is associated with diffuse cortical involvement in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

What is the term for sustained regular, rapid, and deep breathing associated with midbrain involvement in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following can cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

What is the classification of brain edema characterized by increased permeability of brain capillary endothelial cells?

Which herniation syndrome involves the medial temporal lobe being squeezed by a unilateral mass under the tent?

What is the primary cause of cellular energy (ATP) failure in brain edema?

Which treatment for increased ICP involves aggressive hyperventilation to lower pCO2 levels below 25 mmHg?

What is the best treatment for increased ICP?

Which nursing intervention is recommended for a patient with increased ICP?

Which of the following is a complication of increased ICP?

What is the classification of brain edema characterized by failure of normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cell size?

Which herniation syndrome involves the cingulate gyrus being pushed under the falx cerebri by an expanding mass high in a cerebral hemisphere?

Which of the following is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP) in adults?

What is the term for the condition where an increase in one element of the intracranial vault occurs at the expense of others?

Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

What is the term for the condition where the brainstem is compressed due to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

What is the earliest and most reliable indicator of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following components make up the intracranial vault?

What is the reason for Cushing's Triad in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following is a complication of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

What is the normal range for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

Which of the following can cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following is NOT a classification of brain edema?

Which herniation syndrome involves both temporal lobes herniating?

Which treatment for increased ICP involves removal of causative lesions such as tumors and hematomas?

Which of the following is a nursing intervention recommended for a patient with increased ICP?

Which of the following is a late sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Which of the following is a primary cause of cellular energy (ATP) failure in brain edema?

Which of the following is a complication of increased ICP?

Which of the following is a classification of brain edema characterized by increased permeability of brain capillary endothelial cells?

Which of the following is a type of breathing pattern associated with diffuse cortical involvement in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Study Notes

Intracranial Vault Components

Normal Range for ICP and CPP

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)

Signs of Increased ICP

Brain Edema

Herniation Syndromes

Treatment and Interventions

Other

Studying That Suits You

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