34 Questions
What is the most common presentation of benign non-proliferative breast changes?
Breast lumps
Which type of breast changes are characterized by variable cystic dilatation of ducts and stromal fibrosis?
Benign proliferative breast changes
What are unopened cysts in benign non-proliferative breast changes often filled with?
Turbid fluid
Which type of lesion typically arises during lactation, is painful, and may rupture causing a local inflammatory reaction?
Galactocoele
Which type of breast changes are often bilateral and multi-focal, with ill-defined diffuse nodularity?
Benign proliferative breast changes
What may calcify within cysts in benign non-proliferative breast changes, appearing as micro-calcifications on mammograms?
Turbid fluid
What is the commonest benign tumor of the female breast?
Fibroadenoma
At what age is fibroadenoma most commonly seen?
3rd decade
Which tumor is thought to arise from the intra-lobular stroma?
Phyllodes tumor
What is a characteristic feature of fibroadenoma when described grossly?
Leaf-like clefts
Which tumor may show an ominous change with increased stromal cellularity and high mitotic activity?
Phyllodes tumor
What is the cytogenetic element that is considered neoplastic in fibroadenoma?
Stroma
What is Mammary Duct Ectasia commonly associated with?
Non-bacterial inflammation
Which group of individuals is most commonly affected by Duct Ectasia?
Women in their 40s & 50s who have borne children
What is the most distinctive feature of Duct Ectasia when observed under a microscope?
Prominence of lymphocytic & plasma cell infiltration
Which condition may mimic cancer due to similarities in skin retraction and induration?
Mammary Duct Ectasia
What are the early stages of Traumatic Fat Necrosis characterized by?
Inflammatory changes
What is the main clinical significance of Traumatic Fat Necrosis?
Formation of a mass
What is the most common cancer among women globally?
Breast cancer
Which risk factor is significantly higher in North America and northern Europe compared to Asia and Africa?
Geographical variation
What is the typical presentation of an intra-ductal papilloma?
Serous or bloody nipple discharge
Which genetic mutation is associated with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome and an increased risk of early-onset breast cancer?
P53
What is the approximate percentage of breast cancer cases related to specific inherited mutations?
50%
In Kenya, which type of cancer has a higher incidence than breast cancer?
Cancer of the cervix
Which type of breast change is characterized by cells resembling carcinoma in situ but not filling or distending more than 50% of the terminal duct unit?
Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia
What is the significance of Sclerosing Adenosis compared to other benign breast changes?
Associated with minimal risk of cancer
What characterizes the multi-layered, disorderly cells with nuclear hyperchromasia seen in Epithelial Hyperplasia with atypia?
Variation in nuclear and cell size, shape
Which breast change shows compressed dense fibrous connective tissue in the stroma?
Sclerosing Adenosis
Which benign proliferative breast change has an almost infinite spectrum of proliferative alterations observed under microscopy?
FCC- Proliferative Changes
What differentiates mild epithelial hyperplasia from florid, atypical epithelial hyperplasia in terms of cancer risk?
Number of layers of epithelial cells
'FCC' refers to which benign breast changes that are often dominated by co-existing fibrosis and cystic alterations?
'FCC- Proliferative Changes'
What is a common histological feature seen in FCC that may not often produce a discrete breast mass?
Microcalcifications on mammograms
'Apocrine changes' are frequently seen in which type of benign breast change?
'FCC- Proliferative Changes'
'Marked intra-lobular fibrosis with proliferation of small ductules & acini' is a characteristic feature of which benign breast change?
'Sclerosing Adenosis'
Explore the scope of breast pathology including inflammatory lesions, non-neoplastic lesions, tumors, and miscellaneous lesions. Learn about the clinical questions and assignments related to breast pathology, with a focus on the terminal duct-lobular unit of the female breast. Understand the commonality of breast lesions in females, the presentation of nodules or masses, and the significance of breast cancer globally.
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