Pathology of Breast I: Breast Disorders

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Which hormone is essential for lactation?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Progesterone

Prolactin (correct)

Estrogen

What is the functional unit of the breast where milk is produced?

Acini cluster

Lobule (correct)

Stroma

Duct

What is a common complaint related to galactorrhea?

Weight gain

Nipple discharge (correct)

Decreased libido

Insomnia

Which condition presents as breast mass with thick, white discharge primarily in older multiparous women?

Mammary duct ectasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the major effect of estrogens on breast tissue during pregnancy?

Increases breast size Signup and view all the answers

Which male endocrine disorder is associated with gynecomastia?

Klinefelter syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What histological feature distinguishes lactational mastitis from breast cancer?

Presence of multinucleated giant cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone that inhibits prolactin and decreases milk production?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of fat necrosis on mammogram?

Microcalcifications Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone has a cyclic effect on breast size during the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which breast disorder is characterized by inflammation that can progress to abscess requiring drainage?

Periductal mastitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of fibrocystic changes in the breast?

Benign nature Signup and view all the answers

Which benign breast tumor is hormone-sensitive and typically shows increased size during pregnancy?

Fibroadenoma Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic features of intraductal papillomas in the breast?

Bloody/serous discharge Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fibroadenoma is associated with a high risk of malignancy?

Complex fibroadenoma Signup and view all the answers

Which breast disorder involves squamous metaplasia due to smoking-induced inflammation?

Periductal mastitis Signup and view all the answers

Which stromal tumor of the breast is characterized by epithelial and stromal tissue growth, with variants that can metastasize?

Phyllodes tumor Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes proliferative breast disorders from fibrocystic changes?

"Proliferation of epithelial cells" Signup and view all the answers

"Apocrine metaplasia" in the breast is also known as what?

"Benign epithelial alteration" Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microscopic findings characterizes mammary duct ectasia?

Periductal inflammation and dilation of ducts, with foamy histiocytes within the luminal secretions and infiltrating the wall of ducts Signup and view all the answers

Where does the lactiferous sinus begin?

TDLU (terminal duct lobular unit) Signup and view all the answers

How many duct openings are found on the surface of the nipple?

15 to 20 Signup and view all the answers

Pathology of Breast I: Breast Disorders

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