Pathology of Breast I: Breast Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is essential for lactation?

  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
  • Progesterone
  • Prolactin (correct)
  • Estrogen
  • What is the functional unit of the breast where milk is produced?

  • Acini cluster
  • Lobule (correct)
  • Stroma
  • Duct
  • What is a common complaint related to galactorrhea?

  • Weight gain
  • Nipple discharge (correct)
  • Decreased libido
  • Insomnia
  • Which condition presents as breast mass with thick, white discharge primarily in older multiparous women?

    <p>Mammary duct ectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major effect of estrogens on breast tissue during pregnancy?

    <p>Increases breast size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which male endocrine disorder is associated with gynecomastia?

    <p>Klinefelter syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological feature distinguishes lactational mastitis from breast cancer?

    <p>Presence of multinucleated giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone that inhibits prolactin and decreases milk production?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of fat necrosis on mammogram?

    <p>Microcalcifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone has a cyclic effect on breast size during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breast disorder is characterized by inflammation that can progress to abscess requiring drainage?

    <p>Periductal mastitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of fibrocystic changes in the breast?

    <p>Benign nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benign breast tumor is hormone-sensitive and typically shows increased size during pregnancy?

    <p>Fibroadenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic features of intraductal papillomas in the breast?

    <p>Bloody/serous discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibroadenoma is associated with a high risk of malignancy?

    <p>Complex fibroadenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breast disorder involves squamous metaplasia due to smoking-induced inflammation?

    <p>Periductal mastitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stromal tumor of the breast is characterized by epithelial and stromal tissue growth, with variants that can metastasize?

    <p>Phyllodes tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes proliferative breast disorders from fibrocystic changes?

    <p>&quot;Proliferation of epithelial cells&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Apocrine metaplasia" in the breast is also known as what?

    <p>&quot;Benign epithelial alteration&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microscopic findings characterizes mammary duct ectasia?

    <p>Periductal inflammation and dilation of ducts, with foamy histiocytes within the luminal secretions and infiltrating the wall of ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the lactiferous sinus begin?

    <p>TDLU (terminal duct lobular unit)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many duct openings are found on the surface of the nipple?

    <p>15 to 20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is essential for lactation when other essential hormones are present?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of bladder cancer?

    <p>Urothelial cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biggest risk factor for bladder cancer?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

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