Breast Cancer Screening Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What does fMRI measure in relation to brain activity?

  • Brain waves
  • Nerve impulses
  • Blood flow changes (correct)
  • Brain glucose levels

    • Which part of the body would be most commonly imaged for orthopedic purposes using MRI?

  • Liver
  • Knee (correct)
  • Abdomen
  • Brain

    • In MRI, what does a black area in the heart indicate?

  • Healthy part of the heart (correct)
  • Decreased blood flow
  • Scar tissue
  • Presence of contrast dye

    • Which field poses risks in MRI due to its high static magnetic field?

    <p>Attraction of ferrometals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can fast changing magnetic fields during MRI scanning generate?

    <p>Electric currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In MRI, what is the purpose of gradients, such as electromagnets in three directions?

    <p>To control the magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the mean positron range in tumours?

    <p>Depends on surrounding material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the non-collinearity effect impact resolution degradation?

    <p>It depends on the scanner diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of a typical scanner having a diameter of 80cm?

    <p>Decreased resolution due to non-collinearity effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario makes it more challenging to identify triple coincidences during detection?

    <p>Annihilation of positrons into 3γ photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the parallax effect impact effective crystal size near the edge of the Field of View (FoV)?

    <p>Decreases effective crystal size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that scanners aim to maximize for improved detection of high energy photons?

    <p>Probability of detecting high energy photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended interval for mammography screening in women aged 50-75?

    <p>Biennial screenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breast imaging technique is described as having very high sensitivity, being expensive, and not using ionizing radiation?

    <p>Breast MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To differentiate between cysts and solid masses in the breast, which imaging technique is usually used in addition to mammography?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using low energy x-rays for mammography?

    <p>Reduced patient dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue predominance makes mammography extremely sensitive in detecting malignancies?

    <p>Fatty tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the heel effect allow for the use of low-energy x-rays for breast mammography?

    <p>To reduce off-focal radiation exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kept at ground potential (0 V) to reduce off-focal radiation in mammography?

    <p>Anode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which x-ray tube component has dual filaments of different sizes and is used for better resolution or shorter exposure time?

    <p>Cathode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the filter in mammography x-ray energy spectrum shaping?

    <p>Filter out low-energy photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes molybdenum (Mo) and rhodium (Rh) preferred anode materials for mammography tubes?

    <p>High atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using iterative reconstruction (IR) over filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction?

    <p>Improved image quality with reduced noise and preserved spatial resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the reconstruction kernel and the resulting image characteristics?

    <p>Harder kernels result in images with harder edges and higher spatial resolution, but more noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the iterative reconstruction process?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does iterative reconstruction (IR) improve image quality compared to filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction?

    <p>IR reduces noise while preserving spatial resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between radiation dose and image quality in the context of the text?

    <p>With IR, reduced dose can be achieved while preserving image quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of values can be assigned to visual characteristics in medical imaging?

    <p>Either binary or continuous values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which image modality is mentioned as having more difficulty in classifying voxels as a combination of basic tissue types?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the projection of a 3D volume (image data) onto a 2D screen?

    <p>To create a 2D visualization of the image data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of the Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) technique for 3D visualization?

    <p>It can overestimate the diameter of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common variation of the Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) technique?

    <p>Slab MIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are MIP images considered ambiguous and not easily interpretable in a simple way?

    <p>They do not show depth information</p> Signup and view all the answers

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