Branches of Biology and Cell Biology

Branches of Biology

• Botany: study of plants
• Zoology: study of animals
• Microbiology: study of microorganisms
• Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
• Biochemistry: study of chemical processes in living organisms
• Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions
• Genetics: study of heredity and variation

Cell Biology

• Cell structure:
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Ribosomes
• Cellular processes:
  • Metabolism
  • Photosynthesis
  • Cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
  • Gene expression

Evolution

• Mechanisms of evolution:
  • Natural selection
  • Genetic drift
  • Mutation
  • Gene flow
• Evidence for evolution:
  • Fossil record
  • Comparative anatomy
  • Molecular biology
  • Biogeography

Ecology

• Ecosystem components:
  • Producers (plants and algae)
  • Consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)
  • Decomposers (bacteria and fungi)
• Ecosystem processes:
  • Energy flow (food chains and webs)
  • Nutrient cycling
  • Population dynamics
  • Community ecology

Genetics

• Mendelian genetics:
  • Laws of inheritance (segregation, independent assortment, dominance)
  • Punnett squares
• Molecular genetics:
  • DNA structure and replication
  • Gene expression and regulation
  • Genetic engineering

Diversity of Life

• Classification systems:
  • Taxonomy
  • Phylogeny
• Domain Bacteria
• Domain Archaea
• Domain Eukarya
  • Protists
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia

Branches of Biology

• Botany is the study of plants
• Zoology is the study of animals
• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms
• Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment
• Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms
• Molecular Biology is the study of biological molecules and their interactions
• Genetics is the study of heredity and variation

Cell Biology

Cell Structure

• Plasma membrane is a part of cell structure
• Cytoplasm is a part of cell structure
• Nucleus is a part of cell structure
• Mitochondria are part of cell structure
• Endoplasmic reticulum is part of cell structure
• Ribosomes are part of cell structure

Cellular Processes

• Metabolism is a cellular process
• Photosynthesis is a cellular process
• Cell division (mitosis and meiosis) is a cellular process
• Gene expression is a cellular process

Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

• Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution
• Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution
• Mutation is a mechanism of evolution
• Gene flow is a mechanism of evolution

Evidence for Evolution

• Fossil record is evidence for evolution
• Comparative anatomy is evidence for evolution
• Molecular biology is evidence for evolution
• Biogeography is evidence for evolution

Ecology

Ecosystem Components

• Producers (plants and algae) are ecosystem components
• Consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores) are ecosystem components
• Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) are ecosystem components

Ecosystem Processes

• Energy flow (food chains and webs) is an ecosystem process
• Nutrient cycling is an ecosystem process
• Population dynamics is an ecosystem process
• Community ecology is an ecosystem process

Genetics

Mendelian Genetics

• Laws of inheritance (segregation, independent assortment, dominance) are part of Mendelian genetics
• Punnett squares are used in Mendelian genetics

Molecular Genetics

• DNA structure and replication are part of molecular genetics
• Gene expression and regulation are part of molecular genetics
• Genetic engineering is part of molecular genetics

Diversity of Life

Classification Systems

• Taxonomy is a classification system
• Phylogeny is a classification system

Domains of Life

• Domain Bacteria is a domain of life
• Domain Archaea is a domain of life
• Domain Eukarya is a domain of life
• Protists are part of Domain Eukarya
• Fungi are part of Domain Eukarya
• Plantae are part of Domain Eukarya
• Animalia are part of Domain Eukarya

Explore the different branches of biology, including botany, zoology, microbiology, and more. Additionally, delve into cell biology, covering cell structure and organelles.