Brain Disorders and Injuries

Brain Disorders and Injuries

• Degenerative diseases: Characterized by progressive loss of brain cells, leading to cognitive and motor impairments. Examples include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.
  • Parkinson's disease: Damage to the substantia nigra region of the brain, leading to dopamine depletion and progressive motor impairments.

Brain Injuries

• Types of strokes:
  • Ischemic stroke: Caused by blockage of blood flow to the brain, leading to tissue damage.
  • Hemorrhagic stroke: Caused by bleeding in the brain, leading to tissue damage.
• Aneurysm: Localized dilation of blood vessels, leading to thinning of vessel walls and increased risk of rupture.
• Angioma: Abnormalities in blood vessels within the brain, leading to irregular growth and potential complications.

Brain Functions and Disorders

• Vascular disorders: Conditions affecting blood vessels in the brain, leading to cognitive and motor impairments.
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Caused by external force to the head, leading to cognitive, emotional, and physical impairments.
  • Mild TBI: Characterized by confusion, disorientation, and headache.
  • Moderate TBI: Characterized by loss of consciousness, confusion, and potential long-term complications.
  • Severe TBI: Life-threatening, often fatal.
• Hematoma: Blood clot formation within the brain, leading to potential complications.
• Edema: Accumulation of fluid in the brain, leading to swelling and potential complications.

Brain Development and Function

• Gilomas: Tumors originating from supportive cells in the brain, leading to potential complications.
• Degenerative diseases: Studying these diseases can provide insights into brain function and development.
• Ventrical system: Studying the ventricular system can provide insights into brain function and cognitive processes.

Additional Concepts

• Subarachnoid space: A recently discovered layer of the brain, composed of lymphatic cells that facilitate exchange of substances between the brain and bloodstream.
• Microglia: Immune cells in the brain, responsible for waste removal and maintenance of the brain's internal environment.

Learn about degenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as brain injuries such as strokes and their effects on cognition and motor function.