Brain Disorders and Lobes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which function is primarily managed by the left hemisphere of the brain?

  • Sensory processing
  • Visual grouping
  • Tone of voice recognition
  • Language and speech (correct)

What type of memory involves skills and tasks that are not consciously recalled?

  • Semantic memory
  • Declarative memory
  • Episodic memory
  • Procedural memory (correct)

Which of the following processes is guided by goals and intentions?

  • Top-down attention (correct)
  • Bottom-up attention
  • Sensory attention
  • Involuntary attention

What is the primary role of the corpus callosum in the brain?

<p>Connecting the left and right hemisphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a likely outcome of damage to both hemispheres of the hippocampus?

<p>Inability to encode new episodic memories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for perceptual grouping?

<p>Right hemisphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contralateral processing in the parietal lobes means that each hemisphere controls actions on which side?

<p>Opposite side of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of attention, what does bottom-up processing entail?

<p>Attention captured involuntarily by salient stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of area V5 in the brain?

<p>Specialises in the perception of motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by an inability to perceive motion?

<p>Akinetopsia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What damage leads to Achromatopsia?

<p>Damage to area V4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes the inability to recognize faces?

<p>Prosopagnosia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of Fronto-temporal Dementia (FTD)?

<p>Loss of empathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is affected in blindsight conditions?

<p>V1 (Primary visual cortex) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does simultaneous neglect characterize?

<p>Ignoring stimuli on one side of the visual field (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of damage causes Spatial Neglect?

<p>Damage to the frontal or parietal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function is primarily associated with the temporal lobe?

<p>Hearing and memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the left and right hemispheres of the brain communicate after the corpus callosum is cut?

<p>They use non-verbal actions for communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron?

<p>It maintains the resting membrane potential by pumping sodium out and potassium in. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for decision making and problem-solving?

<p>Frontal Lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the primary auditory cortex?

<p>Processing auditory information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron typically maintained at?

<p>-70 mV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is specifically responsible for speech production?

<p>Broca's area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the primary somatosensory cortex is true?

<p>It processes sensory information from the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

<p>Sodium ions flow into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that an action potential will always have the same magnitude regardless of the strength of the stimulus?

<p>All-or-Nothing Principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) have on a neuron's likelihood of firing an action potential?

<p>They depolarize the neuron, bringing it closer to threshold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the effect of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on a neuron?

<p>They hyperpolarize the neuron, moving it further from threshold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes long-term potentiation (LTP)?

<p>Strengthening of synaptic connections due to repeated activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of neuroplasticity in the brain following an injury?

<p>It allows the brain to form new pathways and adapt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the visual system, what does retinotopic organization refer to?

<p>Adjacent neurons processing visually adjacent locations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of multiple sclerosis regarding the nervous system?

<p>It attacks the myelin sheath, disrupting communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the primary visual cortex (V1)?

<p>Initial processing of visual information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blindsight is accurate?

<p>Individuals with blindsight can respond to visual stimuli they are not consciously aware of (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional modularity in the brain suggests that:

<p>The brain is organized into specialized regions for handling specific types of information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does color constancy play in visual perception?

<p>It allows perception of colors consistently under varying light conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is specifically responsible for recognizing faces?

<p>Fusiform face area (FFA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary visual cortex is located in which part of the brain?

<p>Occipital lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is damage to the primary visual cortex?

<p>Blindsight occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the term 'transduction' in the context of visual processing?

<p>The conversion of visual information into electrical signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Akinetopsia

Inability to perceive motion, seeing the world as a series of static frames.

Achromatopsia

Cortical color blindness; seeing the world in shades of gray, black, and white despite functional optic nerves.

Prosopagnosia

Face recognition impairment despite intact vision.

Blindsight

A condition where someone can't consciously see part of their visual field, but can react to stimuli.

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Primary visual cortex (V1)

Located in the occipital lobe, processes visual input from the opposite visual field.

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Fronto-temporal Dementia (FTD)

Neurological disorder involving neuron loss in frontal and temporal lobes, causing personality and behavioral changes.

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Spatial neglect

Unawareness of one side of the visual field, opposite to the brain damage.

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Simultagnosia

Inability to perceive multiple objects simultaneously.

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Left Hemisphere Function

Primarily responsible for language and speech processing.

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Right Hemisphere Function

Processes tone of voice and prosody (rhythm and pitch of speech).

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Parietal Lobe Function

Controls attention and sensory processing to the opposite side of the body.

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Contralateral Function

Each hemisphere controls and processes information from the opposite side of the body.

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Bottom-up Attention

Involuntary attention captured by attention-grabbing stimuli.

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Corpus Callosum Function

Connects the brain hemispheres, allowing communication between them.

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Top-Down Attention

Attention guided by goals, intentions and expectations.

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Left Hemisphere Function

Processes information from the right visual field and is dominant in language tasks.

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Hippocampus Function

Crucial for encoding new long-term memories.

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Corpus Callosum Function

Connects left and right brain hemispheres for information transfer.

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Right Hemisphere Function

Processes information from the left visual field; nonverbal skills.

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Frontal Lobe Function

Controls decision-making, planning, and voluntary movement, also speech production.

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Parietal Lobe Function

Processes sensory information, spatial awareness, and touch.

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Occipital Lobe Function

Processes visual information.

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Sodium-Potassium Pump Function

Maintains neuron's resting membrane potential by pumping sodium out and potassium in.

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Action Potential

A rapid change in neuron's electrical charge that allows for signal transmission.

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Action Potential

A rapid change in a neuron's electrical charge, allowing for signal transmission along the axon.

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Threshold Level

The critical level of membrane potential necessary for an action potential to occur.

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Depolarization

The process where the neuron's membrane potential becomes less negative.

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Repolarization

The process where the neuron's membrane potential returns to resting levels.

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All-or-Nothing Principle

Action potentials are always the same size; either they occur fully or not at all.

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Hebbian Principle

The more often two neurons fire together, the stronger the connection between them gets.

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Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

A form of synaptic plasticity: simultaneous firing strengthens synaptic connections.

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Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new connections between neurons, after injury.

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Primary Visual Cortex (V1)

Region in the occipital lobe that initially processes visual information from the opposite visual field.

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Blindsight

Inability to consciously see, but ability to react to visual stimuli after damage to the primary visual cortex (V1).

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Functional Modularity

Brain's organization into specialized regions (modules) each handling specific functions.

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Visual Brain Areas

Multiple brain regions involved in processing visual information, including the primary visual cortex and higher order visual areas.

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Visual Information Processing

Visual input undergoes initial processing in multiple brain areas, from the retina to higher-level processing regions.

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Visual Brain Regions

Areas of the brain that process information from the eyes.

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Occipital Lobe Location

Location of the primary visual cortex, the brain region responsible for visual processing.

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Visual Brain Function

The brain region(s) processing visual information, containing multiple specialized areas, each with its specific functions.

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Study Notes

Module 4 Learning Objectives

  • Identify and describe various brain disorders
  • Map affected brain regions
  • Describe how damage affects brain function

Brain Lobes + Disorders

  • Visual brain areas process visual information

  • Regions include primary visual cortex

  • Akinetopsia

    • Inability to perceive motion
    • Visual perception of static frames
    • Caused by damage to V5 (Middle temporal visual area)
    • V5 function: motion perception

  • Achromatopsia

    • Cortical colour blindness
    • Sees world in greyscale
    • Functional optic nerves
    • Caused by damage to V4 (Occipital lobe)
    • V4 function: color perception

  • Prosopagnosia

    • Inability to recognize faces
    • Intact vision
    • Caused by damage to FFA
    • FFA function: face recognition (temporal lobe)

Module 2 Learning Objectives

  • Recognize and label brain regions (lobes, primary areas, limbic system)
  • Map functions to brain regions
  • Identify neuron parts and describe function
  • Describe neural communication
  • Outline brain function measurement methods
  • Explain neuroplasticity

Lobes of The Brain

  • Frontal lobe:

    • Decision-making, problem-solving, planning, voluntary movement, speech production

  • Parietal lobe:

    • Sensory perception, spatial orientation, touch processing

  • Occipital lobe:

    • Visual processing

  • Temporal lobe:

    • Hearing, memory, speech comprehension

Module 3 Learning Objectives

  • Visual brain concept
  • Primary visual cortex mapping & functions
  • Functional modularity concepts
  • Selective visual deficits
  • Differences between attention/awareness
  • Explain "blindsight"

Primary Visual Cortex

  • Located in the occipital lobe

  • Processes visual information from opposite visual fields

  • Responsible for initial visual processing (edge detection, motion)

  • Damage to primary visual cortex causes blindsight

  • Blindsight: Responds to visual stimuli without conscious awareness

Functional Modularity

  • Specialized brain regions dedicated to specific functions
  • Examples include Broca's area (speech production), Wernicke's area (language comprehension), V4 (colour perception), FFA (face recognition)

Signal Detection Theory

  • Measures decision-making under uncertainty
  • Assessing ability to distinguish signal (stimulus) from noise (background)
  • Considers sensitivity to signal and response bias

McGurk Effect

  • Visual information (lip movements) alters auditory perception
  • Brain integrates sensory information to create a "best guess"

Cortical Scotoma

  • Partial vision loss (blind spot) in visual field
  • Damage to visual cortex

Methods to Measure Brain Function

  • Electroencephalography (EEG)
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
  • Others (not listed)

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Module 4 Summary Sheet - PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on various brain disorders and the regions of the brain that are affected. This quiz covers key concepts such as akinetopsia, achromatopsia, and prosopagnosia, linking them to the respective brain areas involved. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of brain function and anatomy.

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