Neurology Quiz: Brain and Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'dura mater' refer to, based on its components?

  • Soft matter
  • Soft mother
  • Hard matter
  • Hard mother (correct)

    • Which medical term describes a progressive decline in mental abilities?

  • Dyslexia
  • Dementia (correct)
  • Lethargy
  • Encephalitis

    • What is the primary cause of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

  • A profound state of unconsciousness with no response to stimuli.
  • Disrupted blood flow to the brain due to blockage or rupture. (correct)
  • Damage to the cerebellum affecting muscle control.
  • Mental activities associated with thinking and learning impairment.

    • What is regional anesthesia administered into the spine's epidural space known as?

    <p>Epidural block (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with a CVA?

    <p>Absence of spontaneous eye movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by an inflammation of the brain?

    <p>Encephalitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to persistent, severe burning pain following a sensory nerve injury?

    <p>Causalgia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of a profound state of unconsciousness?

    <p>Absence of spontaneous eye movements and lack of painful stimulus response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EEG, in the context provided, measure?

    <p>Electrical activity of the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct medical term for a stroke?

    <p>Cerebrovascular accident (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions involves the bruising of brain tissue due to a head injury?

    <p>Cerebral contusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a collection of blood trapped within brain tissues?

    <p>Cranial hematoma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recurrent episodes of seizures are a key characteristic of which neurological condition?

    <p>Epilepsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A learning disability causing substandard reading achievement due to difficulties processing symbols is commonly known as what?

    <p>Dyslexia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'concussion' primarily describe?

    <p>A violent shaking up or jarring of the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the nervous system, what does 'central nervous system' refer to?

    <p>The brain and spinal cord. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes a state of disorientation, disordered thinking, and hallucinations?

    <p>Delirium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is identified as a thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges?

    <p>Dura mater. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region?

    <p>Cervical radiculopathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the condition known as delirium?

    <p>An acute state of confusion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options refers to the largest and uppermost portion of the brain?

    <p>Cerebrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is associated with a group of disorders characterized by impaired motor function and posture?

    <p>Cerebral palsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the provided text define as the mental activities associated with learning and memory?

    <p>Cerebral function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is NOT directly defined within the provided text?

    <p>Cognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a throbbing pain typically on one side of the head, sometimes preceded by a warning aura?

    <p>Migraine headache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column?

    <p>Meningocele (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Aura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system is best described as what?

    <p>Ganglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions involves an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Meningitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is described as an abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli?

    <p>Hyperesthesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy defines which condition?

    <p>Lethargy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain's ventricles is indicative of what condition?

    <p>Hydrocephalus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sensation associated with peripheral neuropathy?

    <p>A burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>To transmit messages between the brain and the spinal cord; and the rest of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the chemical substances crucial for transmitting messages between neurons called?

    <p>Neurotransmitters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of cranial nerves are typically part of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain?

    <p>Syncope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain?

    <p>Seizure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is a condition involving inflammation of a major nerve in the lower back?

    <p>Sciatica (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from a bacterial infection that causes painful muscle contractions?

    <p>Tetanus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes a temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain?

    <p>Transient ischemic attack (TIA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is caused by a toxin produced by tetanus bacteria, leading to an acute infection of the central nervous system?

    <p>Lockjaw (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of a nerve resulting in pain, burning, and tingling along the leg?

    <p>Sciatica (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts?

    <p>Seizure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder of the peripheral nerves affects how information is carried to and from the brain and spinal cord?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is described as the brief loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain?

    <p>Syncope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these terms describes a state of being unaware and unresponsive to any stimuli, including pain?

    <p>Coma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for a disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion?

    <p>Reye's syndrome (RS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    CVA

    Cerebrovascular accident causing brain damage due to disrupted blood flow.

    Concussion

    A violent shaking or jarring of the brain, often due to impact.

    Dementia

    A decline in mental abilities, affecting memory and thinking.

    Electroencephalography

    A test that measures electrical activity in the brain.

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    Epidural Anesthesia

    A regional anesthesia that blocks pain in a specific area of the body.

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    Encephalitis

    Inflammation of the brain, often caused by infections.

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    Dyslexia

    A learning disorder that affects reading and language processing.

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    Cranial Hematoma

    A collection of blood trapped in the brain's tissues.

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    Meningocele

    A congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column.

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    Migraine Headache

    A type of headache characterized by throbbing pain, often on one side of the head, may include an aura.

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    Ganglia

    Clusters of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system.

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    Stroke

    A condition where blood flow to the brain is blocked, often leading to brain damage.

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    Cerebrospinal Fluid

    Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, can accumulate in certain conditions.

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    Infectious Meningitis

    Inflammation of the meninges due to infection, marked by symptoms like drowsiness and apathy.

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    Sensory Sensitivity

    A condition of abnormal sensitivity to touch, pain, or other stimuli.

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    Hemorrhagic Stroke

    A type of stroke occurring when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures.

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    Anesthetic

    Medication used to induce anesthesia before and during surgery.

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    Causalgia

    Persistent, severe burning pain following a sensory nerve injury.

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    Central Nervous System

    The system made up of the brain and spinal cord.

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    Cerebral Contusion

    Bruising of brain tissue from a head injury.

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    Cervical Radiculopathy

    Nerve pain due to pressure on spinal nerve roots in the neck.

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    Cerebrovascular Accident

    Commonly known as a stroke, involves blood flow issues to the brain.

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    Cerebrum

    Largest and uppermost portion of the brain.

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    Cerebral Palsy

    A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone due to brain damage.

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    Dura

    A term meaning 'hard' in relation to the outermost layer of the meninges.

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    Mater

    A term that means 'mother', used in anatomy to describe the layers of the meninges.

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    Disordered Thinking

    A disturbance in thought processes often characterized by confusion.

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    Learning Disability

    A condition marked by substandard reading due to the brain's processing issues.

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    Electroencephalogram (EEG)

    A test that records the electrical activity of the brain with electrodes on the scalp.

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    Hydrocephalus

    A condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.

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    Meningitis

    An inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

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    Seizures

    Recurrent episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to convulsions.

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    Peripheral neuropathy

    A disorder of the peripheral nerves affecting communication with the brain and spinal cord.

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    Seizure (Sz)

    A sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain causing altered feelings or actions.

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    Sciatica

    Inflammation of the sciatic nerve causing pain and tingling along the leg.

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    Burning sensation

    A prickling feeling with no apparent physical cause, often in extremities.

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    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    Includes cranial and peripheral spinal nerves that connect the brain and body.

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    Syncope

    Also known as fainting, it's a brief loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain.

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    Tetanus

    An acute, potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin from tetanus bacteria.

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    Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

    A temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain, referred to as a mini-stroke.

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    Tourette syndrome

    A disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors and vocalizations called tics.

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    Sciatica

    Pain caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve.

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    Reye’s syndrome

    A rare disease that causes swelling in the liver and brain.

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    Trigeminal neuralgia

    A chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve, causing severe facial pain.

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    Tetanus

    A serious bacterial infection affecting the nervous system and muscles.

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    Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

    A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke.

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    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology

    • Alzheimer's disease: A group of disorders involving the parts of the brain controlling thought, memory, and language.
    • neur/o: Relating to a nerve or the nervous system
    • neur/i: Relating to a nerve
    • caus/o: Producing a cause or origin.
    • amnesia: A memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences.
    • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
    • Bell's palsy: Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve, causing facial paralysis on one side.
    • anesthetist: A medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician. Examples include a nurse anesthetist.
    • anesthesiologist: A physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery.
    • carotid ultrasonography: An ultrasound study of the carotid artery.
    • anesthetic: The medication used to induce anesthesia.
    • causalgia: Persistent, severe burning pain that typically follows injury to a sensory nerve.
    • central nervous system: Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
    • cerebral contusion: Bruising of brain tissue due to a head injury.
    • cerebrum: The largest and uppermost portion of the brain.
    • cerebrovascular accident (CVA): A stroke; brain damage caused by disrupted blood flow to the brain.
    • cognition: Mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
    • coma: A deep state of unconsciousness.
    • concussion: A violent shaking up or jarring of the brain.
    • cranial hematoma: A collection of blood trapped in brain tissues.
    • delirium: An acute condition characterized by confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking, memory problems, agitation, and hallucinations.
    • dura mater: The thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges.
    • dyslexia: A learning disability causing difficulty in processing symbols.
    • dementia: A progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking and judgment.
    • electroencephalography (EEG): Recording of electrical activity in the brain using electrodes attached to the scalp.
    • epilepsy: A chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures.
    • encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain.
    • epidural anesthesia: Regional anesthesia produced by injection into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine.
    • -esthesia: Sensation
    • ganglion: A cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system (plural, ganglia).
    • hallucination: A sensory perception in the absence of external stimulation.
    • hemorrhagic stroke: Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.
    • hydrocephalus: A condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain ventricles.
    • hyperesthesia: Abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.
    • ischemic stroke: The most common type of stroke in older people; occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked by a narrowed or blocked artery.
    • lethargy: A lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy.
    • meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges (membranes) of the brain and spinal cord.
    • meningocele: Congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column.
    • migraine headache: Throbbing pain on one side of the head, sometimes preceded by a warning aura.
    • myelitis: Inflammation of the spinal cord.
    • myelin sheath: The protective covering of nerve fibers.
    • myelography: A fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture.
    • multiple sclerosis (MS): A progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the myelin sheath.
    • neurologist: A physician specializing in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
    • neurotransmitters: Chemical substances enabling messages to cross from a neuron's synapse to a target receptor.
    • neurons: Basic cells of the nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate.
    • paresthesia: Burning or prickling sensation felt in hands, arms, legs, or feet without a clear physical cause.
    • Parkinson's disease (PD): A chronic, degenerative neurological disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.
    • peripheral nervous system (PNS): Includes the cranial nerves and peripheral spinal nerves.
    • peripheral neuropathy: Disorder of the peripheral nerves carrying information to and from the brain and spinal cord.
    • Reye's syndrome (RS): A serious, potentially deadly disorder in children often characterized by vomiting and confusion.
    • radicul/o: Relating to a nerve root.
    • sciatica: Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain, burning, and tingling along its course from the thigh to the foot.
    • seizure: A sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain affecting feelings or actions.
    • shaken baby syndrome: Describes the results of a child being violently shaken.
    • spinal cord: A long, fragile, tube-like structure.
    • syncope: Loss of consciousness caused by a reduced blood flow to the brain; also known as fainting.
    • stroke: Brain damage resulting from a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
    • tetanus: A potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria.
    • transient ischemic attack (TIA): Temporary interruption in blood supply to the brain. Sometimes referred to as a mini-stroke
    • tremor: Involuntary shaking of a body part.
    • Tourette syndrome (TS): A complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances, sometimes including obscenities.
    • unconscious: A state of being unaware and unable to respond to any stimuli, including pain.
    • -phasia: Speech
    • -esthesia: Sensation
    • encephal/o: Relating to the brain
    • concuss/o: Bruising to the head or brain tissue.
    • contus/o: Bruising
    • mening/o: Relating to membranes (meningies)

    Additional Medical Terms

    • esthet/o: Relating to the sense of feeling.
    • cerebr/o: Relating to the cerebrum or brain.
    • crani/o: Relating to the cranium or skull.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts related to neurology, including definitions for terms like 'dura mater' and 'cerebrovascular accident'. The quiz also covers various neurological conditions, their symptoms, and associated medical terminology. Ideal for students in medical or health science disciplines.

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