Brachial and Lumbar Plexus Evaluation
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Questions and Answers

Which nerve is responsible for motor function of flexion at the elbow?

  • Ulnar nerve
  • Musculocutaneous nerve (correct)
  • Radial nerve
  • Median nerve

    • Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the axilla and ribs near the axilla?

  • Axillary nerve
  • Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
  • Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
  • Intercostal brachial nerve (correct)

    • Which nerve is responsible for abduction of the fingers?

  • Ulnar nerve (correct)
  • Radial nerve
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Median nerve

    • Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for knee extension?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin at the base of the little finger and a portion of the ring finger?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the wrist flexors?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial upper arm?

    <p>Medial brachial cutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for abduction of the deltoids?

    <p>Axillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm?

    <p>Musculocutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for adduction and abduction of the fingers?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral upper thigh?

    <p>Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the knee extensors?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial lower leg?

    <p>Saphenous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the adductors of the leg?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the thenar eminence?

    <p>Median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the ankle?

    <p>Peroneal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the medial upper arm?

    <p>Medial brachial cutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the flexors of the forearm?

    <p>Musculocutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral upper thigh?

    <p>Lateral femoral cutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the knee flexors?

    <p>Tibial and peroneal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the axilla and medial upper arm?

    <p>Medial brachial cutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the flexors of the forearm and wrist flexors?

    <p>Musculocutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the anteriolateral lower leg?

    <p>Peroneal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function of the knee adductors of the leg?

    <p>Obturator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main trunks of the brachial plexus?

    <p>Superior, middle, and inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brachial plexus formed by?

    <p>Ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the divisions of the brachial plexus?

    <p>To form the final peripheral nerves of the upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the intercostal brachial nerve?

    <p>Lateral chest, medial aspect of the upper arm, and the axilla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the motor functions of the intercostal brachial nerve?

    <p>None - is a purely sensory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve?

    <p>Sensation on the medial aspect of the arm above the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve?

    <p>No motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve?

    <p>No motor function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve?

    <p>Medial forearm sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

    <p>Flexion of the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motor function of the radial nerve?

    <p>Extension of the wrist, fingers, and elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the motor functions of the median nerve?

    <p>Flexion of the wrist and fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the ulnar nerve?

    <p>Abduction and adduction of the fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

    <p>Flexion of the elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerves are responsible for adducting the knee?

    <p>Obturator nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerves comprise the lumbar plexus?

    <p>L1-L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the sciatic nerve?

    <p>L4-S3 nerve roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the femoral nerve?

    <p>Hip flexion and knee extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the obturator nerve?

    <p>Knee adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the saphenous nerve?

    <p>No motor function, purely sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the saphenous nerve?

    <p>Provides cutaneous sensation to the lower medial leg and foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

    <p>Providing sensation to the anterolateral thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the obturator nerve?

    <p>Provides sensation to the medial thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the branches of the sciatic nerve that provide sensory information?

    <p>Tibial nerve and peroneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the tibial nerve?

    <p>Provides sensory innervation to the posterolateral leg, sole of foot, and lateral foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the peroneal nerve?

    <p>Provides sensation to the anteriolateral lower leg and dorsum of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the sciatic nerve?

    <p>Knee flexion, hip adduction, foot and toe movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary muscle involved in knee extension?

    <p>Quadriceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve innervates the quadriceps muscles?

    <p>Femoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is primarily involved in hip flexion?

    <p>Iliopsoas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle, important for ankle extension (raises), is innervated by the tibial nerve?

    <p>Gastrocnemius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you assess the sciatic nerve?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the tibial nerve

    <p>Innervation of the posterior lower leg muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the peroneal nerve?

    <p>Dorsiflexion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root of the axillary nerve?

    <p>C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root for the musculocutaneous nerve?

    <p>C5-C6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root of the radial nerve?

    <p>C7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root of the median nerve?

    <p>C8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root of the ulnar nerve?

    <p>C8-T1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root of the femoral nerve?

    <p>L2-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

    <p>L2-L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve root of the obturator nerve?

    <p>L2-L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve provides sensory innervation of the skin of the anatomical snuff box

    <p>Radial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extension of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot is controlled by what nerve?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor function of the saphenous nerve?

    <p>None, the saphenous nerve is purely sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the saphenous nerve?

    <p>Sensation of the medial aspect of the leg and ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensory function of the sural nerve?

    <p>Providing sensation to the sole of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What 3 nerves arise from the sciatic nerve to provide motor and sensory innervation to the lower leg?

    <p>Tibial nerve, Common peroneal nerve, and Sural nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Brachial Plexus

    • Axillary n.: responsible for abduction of the deltoids and sensation in the skin over the deltoid muscle
    • Intercostal brachial n.: provides sensory innervation to the axilla and ribs near the axilla
    • Medial brachial cutaneous n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the medial upper arm
    • Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the medial lower arm
    • Radial n.: responsible for motor function of extensors of the fingers, wrist, and elbow, and for sensory innervation of the skin of the anatomical snuff box (posterior skin between the thumb and index finger)
    • Musculocutaneous n.: responsible for flexion at the elbow (biceps) and supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm
    • Median n.: responsible for motor function of wrist flexors and supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the thenar eminence
    • Ulnar n.: responsible for motor function of abducting and adducting fingers, and supplies sensory innervation to the skin at the base of the little finger, skin of the little finger, and a portion of the ring finger

    Lumbar and Sacral Plexus

    • Lateral femoral cutaneous n.: supplies sensory innervation to the lateral upper thigh
    • Femoral n.: supplies sensory innervation to the remainder of the skin of the anterior upper thigh to the knee, and is responsible for motor function of knee extensors, quads, sartorius, and other muscles
    • Saphenous n.: supplies sensory innervation from the medial aspect of the lower leg, knee to the medial malleolus
    • Obturator n.: supplies sensory innervation to some sources say a medial patch of skin at the knee, and part of the knee joint, and is responsible for motor function of adductors of the leg
    • Sciatic n.: has a Common Peroneal n. branch that supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the lower lateral leg and enables dorsiflexion of the foot
    • Superficial branch of the peroneal n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the top of the foot
    • Deep branch of the peroneal n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin between the first and second toes, and bones of the upper foot
    • Posterior tibial n.: has a sensory branch that supplies sensory innervation to the skin on the plantar surface of the foot, and is responsible for motor function of extensors of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot
    • Sural n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the heel

    Brachial Plexus

    • Axillary n.: responsible for abduction of the deltoids and sensation in the skin over the deltoid muscle
    • Intercostal brachial n.: provides sensory innervation to the axilla and ribs near the axilla
    • Medial brachial cutaneous n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the medial upper arm
    • Medial antebrachial cutaneous n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the medial lower arm
    • Radial n.: responsible for motor function of extensors of the fingers, wrist, and elbow, and for sensory innervation of the skin of the anatomical snuff box (posterior skin between the thumb and index finger)
    • Musculocutaneous n.: responsible for flexion at the elbow (biceps) and supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the lateral forearm
    • Median n.: responsible for motor function of wrist flexors and supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the thenar eminence
    • Ulnar n.: responsible for motor function of abducting and adducting fingers, and supplies sensory innervation to the skin at the base of the little finger, skin of the little finger, and a portion of the ring finger

    Lumbar and Sacral Plexus

    • Lateral femoral cutaneous n.: supplies sensory innervation to the lateral upper thigh
    • Femoral n.: supplies sensory innervation to the remainder of the skin of the anterior upper thigh to the knee, and is responsible for motor function of knee extensors, quads, sartorius, and other muscles
    • Saphenous n.: supplies sensory innervation from the medial aspect of the lower leg, knee to the medial malleolus
    • Obturator n.: supplies sensory innervation to some sources say a medial patch of skin at the knee, and part of the knee joint, and is responsible for motor function of adductors of the leg
    • Sciatic n.: has a Common Peroneal n. branch that supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the lower lateral leg and enables dorsiflexion of the foot
    • Superficial branch of the peroneal n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the top of the foot
    • Deep branch of the peroneal n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin between the first and second toes, and bones of the upper foot
    • Posterior tibial n.: has a sensory branch that supplies sensory innervation to the skin on the plantar surface of the foot, and is responsible for motor function of extensors of the foot and plantar flexion of the foot
    • Sural n.: supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the heel

    Upper Extremity Nerves

    • Axillary nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Radial nerve: performs sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Musculocutaneous nerve: has sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Median nerve: involved in sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Ulnar nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Intercostal brachial nerve: has sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Medial brachial cutaneous nerve: performs sensory functions in the upper extremity
    • Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: responsible for sensory functions in the upper extremity

    Lower Extremity Nerves

    • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: involved in sensory functions in the lower extremity
    • Femoral and Saphenous nerve: performs sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Obturator nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Sciatic nerve: involved in sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Tibial nerve: performs sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Peroneal nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity

    Upper Extremity Nerves

    • Axillary nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Radial nerve: performs sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Musculocutaneous nerve: has sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Median nerve: involved in sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Ulnar nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Intercostal brachial nerve: has sensory and motor functions in the upper extremity
    • Medial brachial cutaneous nerve: performs sensory functions in the upper extremity
    • Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: responsible for sensory functions in the upper extremity

    Lower Extremity Nerves

    • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: involved in sensory functions in the lower extremity
    • Femoral and Saphenous nerve: performs sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Obturator nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Sciatic nerve: involved in sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Tibial nerve: performs sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity
    • Peroneal nerve: responsible for sensory and motor functions in the lower extremity

    Brachial Plexus

    Definition and Function

    • A complex network of nerves that originates in the neck and shoulder region, controlling muscle movements and sensations in the upper limb
    • Responsible for both motor and sensory functions

    Anatomy and Structure

    • Formed by the ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves
    • Composed of five distinct components:
      • Roots: C5-T1 spinal nerves
      • Trunks: 3 main trunks (superior, middle, inferior)
      • Divisions: anterior and posterior divisions of each trunk
      • Cords: 3 cords (lateral, medial, posterior)
      • Branches: final branches that form the peripheral nerves of the upper limb

    Motor Functions

    • Controls movements of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand
    • Innervates muscles of the upper limb

    Sensory Functions

    • Transmits sensory information from the upper limb to the central nervous system

    Clinical Relevance and Injuries

    • Injuries can result from trauma (e.g., falls, motor vehicle accidents), birth injuries (e.g., dystocia), or tumors/space-occupying lesions
    • Symptoms of brachial plexus injuries include:
      • Weakness or paralysis of the upper limb
      • Numbness or paresthesia in the arm or hand
      • Pain or burning sensations in the arm or hand

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    Description

    This quiz covers the sensory and motor evaluation of the brachial and lumbar plexus, including the axillary nerve, intercostal brachial nerve, and radial nerve. It focuses on the motor and sensory functions of each nerve.

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