BPP 182 KAA Lecture 1: Course Orientation
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes behavioural science from other sciences?

  • It deals primarily with human action and seeks to generalize about human behaviour in society. (correct)
  • It primarily focuses on physical phenomena.
  • It excludes the study of animal behaviour.
  • It relies exclusively on theoretical models without empirical data.

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)?

  • A theoretical study of animal behaviour.
  • The use of medication to control behaviour.
  • A focus on internal mental processes rather than observable actions.
  • A science devoted to understanding and improving human behaviour. (correct)

In the context of ABA, what does it mean for a behaviour to be of 'social importance'?

  • The behaviour is only relevant in academic settings.
  • The behaviour is statistically normal within a population.
  • The behaviour is deemed significant by popular opinion.
  • The behaviour improves the individual's interaction with society and their quality of life. (correct)

What is the primary role of research-based strategies in ABA?

<p>To ensure that interventions are grounded in empirical evidence and have proven effectiveness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a functional analysis aim to identify?

<p>The environmental variables and contingencies maintaining problem behaviour. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of Applied Behaviour Analysis?

<p>Relying on subjective interpretations of behaviour. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of behaviour analysis, what does the term 'umbrella term' refer to?

<p>A broad category that covers many specific items or sub-disciplines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following branches of behaviour analysis is focused on the philosophical underpinnings of the science of behaviour?

<p>Conceptual Analysis of Behaviour (Behaviourism). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour (EAB)?

<p>Conducting basic research to discover and refine the fundamental principles of behaviour. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of behaviour service delivery?

<p>Applying behaviour analytic principles within various professions, often without formal certification as a behaviour analyst. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between behaviourism and mentalism?

<p>Behaviourism seeks external, measurable causes of behaviour, while mentalism assumes internal mental causes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best description of 'Determinism' as an attitude of science?

<p>The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'Empiricism' applied in behaviour analysis?

<p>Through objective observation and measurement of behaviour. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'experimentation' involve in the context of the attitudes of science?

<p>Systematically manipulating variables to investigate possible relationships between events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'replication' important in scientific research?

<p>To ensure the results are consistent and reliable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the principle of 'parsimony' guide researchers in behaviour analysis?

<p>By favouring the simplest and most logical explanations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'philosophic doubt' in the context of science?

<p>Constantly questioning the truthfulness of facts and research results. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ABA use the systematic approach to seeking and organizing knowledge?

<p>By following structured methods and data-based decision-making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three levels of scientific understanding?

<p>Description, prediction, and control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes the 'description' level of scientific understanding?

<p>Systematically observing and measuring events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is demonstrated when 'prediction' is achieved in science?

<p>A correlation between two events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Achieving 'control' in scientific understanding implies what?

<p>The ability to manipulate one event to produce a change in another event reliably. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ABA, which component ensures that language is focused on objective facts and direct measurement?

<p>Behavioural language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates 'Empiricism' as a basis for understanding why a student struggles in math?

<p>The school psychologist reviews the student's test scores and classroom performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to determine if a new teaching method improves students' test scores. To adhere to 'experimentation', what should the researcher do?

<p>Randomly assign students to either the new method group or the traditional method group and compare test scores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study A reports that a new medication reduces anxiety by 60%, but Study B reports only a 20% reduction. What should a scientist do, adhering to 'philosophical doubt'?

<p>Question both results and conduct further research to understand the discrepancy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A therapist explains a client's improved social skills by stating that the client simply 'felt like' interacting more. How does this explanation violate 'parsimony'?

<p>It introduces an unobservable cause without ruling out alternative explanations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'ABA in Everyday Life' journal assignment encourage students to explore?

<p>Applications of ABA principles to daily experiences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered a strategy for a successful semester?

<p>Mic on (a must) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of scientific understanding is MOST valuable for practitioners?

<p>Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of behaviours are professionals in ABA looking to improve?

<p>Behaviours of social importance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best resembles the service delivery branch of Behaviour Analysis?

<p>A parent being trained on discrete trial training to help their child. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of determinism as it relates to behaviour?

<p>Turning on a tap and out comes water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is used to support intervention through Applied Behaviour Analysis?

<p>Data that supports intervention responsible for behaviour change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step does NOT align with helping avoid class conduct and professionalism violations?

<p>Engage in conversations, group work etc. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information given, which type of student would Professor Lital Gruneir prefer?

<p>One that always checks canvas often and limits distractions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement aligns with experimental analysis of behaviour?

<p>Experiments are conducted mainly in laboratories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of science is ABA?

<p>ABA is a science. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ABA, scientists engage in scientific inquiry to better...

<p>describe, predict and control IN ABA our phenomenon of interest is ?? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Science

A systematic approach to understanding natural phenomena through description, prediction, and control, relying on determinism, empiricism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, and philosophic doubt.

Purpose of Science

Achieving a thorough understanding of phenomena under study and discovering the real 'truths' in our world.

Description (Science)

A collection of facts that are quantified, classified, and examined for relations with other known facts. It supports further research.

Prediction (Science)

Relative probability that when one event occurs, another event will or will not occur, based on repeated observation.

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Control (Science)

The capability to reliably produce specific changes in one event (dependent variable) through specific manipulations of another event (independent variable).

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Behavioral Science

A branch of science that deals primarily with human action and seeks to generalize about human behavior in society.

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Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

A science devoted to understanding and improving human behavior, especially behaviors of social importance, using research-based strategies.

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Functional Analysis

An experimental methodology for determining environmental variables and contingencies maintaining problem behavior.

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Umbrella Term

A term used to cover a broad category of things rather than a single specific item.

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Four Branches of Behavior Analysis

Conceptual analysis of behavior (behaviorism), applied behavior analysis (ABA), service delivery (behavior), and experimental analysis of behavior (EAB).

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Conceptual Analysis of Behaviour

Philosophical, theoretical, historical, and methodological issues in the study of behavior.

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Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Refers to behavior analysts who assess, monitor, analyze, revise, and communicate effects of their work; create behavior change tactics.

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Behavior Service Delivery

Many people in various fields of work implementing ABA within their professions.

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Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

Research on the basic processes and principles of behaviour; often conducted in laboratories.

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Behaviorism

Philosophy of the science of behavior where behavior and its causes are observable and measurable events.

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Mentalism

The approach that assumes an inner cause for behavior; that the mind is responsible for behavior.

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Six Attitudes of Science

DEERPP: Determinism, Empiricism, Experimentation, Replication, Parsimony, and Philosophic doubt.

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Determinism (Science)

Behavior is lawful and orderly.

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Empiricism (Science)

Objective observation and accurate measurement of the behavior(s) of interest, free from bias, prejudices, and opinion.

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Experimentation (Science)

To investigate possible relationships by systematically changing one event and observing for changes in another.

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Replication (science)

Repeating an experiment to see if you get similar results.

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Parsimony (Science)

Using the most simple and logical explanation for behavior and making the fewest assumptions.

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Philosophic Doubt (Science)

Always question the truthfulness of facts and experiment results, maintaining healthy skepticism.

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Study Notes

  • Behaviour Theory and Practice is course BPP 182 KAA.
  • Lital Gruneir is the professor
  • This is lecture #1.

Agenda

  • Welcome and orientation to the course.
  • Course grading and evaluation will be discussed.
  • Behaviour Analysis as an umbrella term definition.
  • The course format is offered in the form of live, HyFlex, and online.
  • Maintaining a respectful, safe, learning environment free from unnecessary distractions and disruptive behavior is an expectation.
  • See Seneca College policy of Student Conduct for full details and expectations, which extends to online learning.
  • Check Canvas often for updates.
  • Limit distractions during class and be timely for class.
  • It is encourages to turn video on and a must to keep mic off.

Grading breakdown

  • Assignments are worth 40% of the overall mark.
  • ABA journal assignments worth 25%.
  • Quizzes are worth 10% total, each worth 5%.
  • In-class assignments are worth 5%.
  • Article reviews are worth 20% of the overall grade, each review worth 10%.
  • The midterm exam is worth 20%.
  • The final exam is worth 20%.

Course Due Dates

  • The first article review is due Feb 9, 2025, worth 10% of grade.
  • The first ABA journal assignment is due Feb 9 worth 10%, two assignments worth 5% each.
  • Mid-term exam which is worth 20% of the mark is on Mar 5.
  • The first online quiz is worth 5% of the final grade on Mar 16.
  • Final Exam (20%) - ONLINE DURING CLASS TIME is on Apr 16 2025

What is science?

  • A systematic approach for seeking and organizing information about the world.
  • It exists to achieve an understanding of the phenomena under study, and seeks to discover the real truths in the world.
  • There are three levels of understanding: description, prediction, and control.

Basic Characteristics of Science

  • Description is a collection of facts about observed events.
  • It can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts and often suggests hypotheses or questions for additional research.
  • Prediction is the relative probability that when one event occurs, another event will or will not occur.
  • It demonstrates correlation between events, but has interpreted causal relationships and enables preparation.
  • Control is the highest level of scientific understanding.
  • Functional relations can be derived with a specific change in one event (dependent variable).
  • It can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event (independent variable) where change in the dependent variable was unlikely.
  • Extraneous factors exist and cannot be factored out.
  • Events can only really be "co-related."

Behavioural Science

  • Its a branch of science like psychology, sociology, or anthropology.
  • It deals primarily with human action.
  • Seeks to generalize about human behaviour in society.

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)

  • ABA is a science devoted to understanding and improving human behaviour in areas of social importance using research-based strategies
  • Functional analysis is the experimental methodology for determining environmental variables and contingencies for maintaining problem behaviour.
  • Applied Behavior Analysis is the science of behaviour to determine how and why behaviour changes by studying functional relationships.
  • Employs systematic application of evidence based interventions to improve behaviours.

Behaviour Analysis as an umbrella term

  • It covers a category of things rather than a single specific item.

Four Branches of Behaviour Analysis

  • Conceptual Analysis of Behaviour (Behaviourism)
  • Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)
  • Service delivery(Behaviour)
  • Experimental Analysis of Behaviour (EAB)

Conceptual Analysis of Behaviour (Behaviourism)

  • Philosophical
  • Theoretical
  • Historical
  • Methodological issues.

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)

  • Applied Behaviour Analysts assess, monitor, analyze, revise, and communicate the effects of their work, using tools to asses behaviour improvement

Basic Characteristics of Science

  • Systematic approach for seeking & organizing knowledge about the natural world, achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study (ABA – socially important behaviours, seeks to discover the truth)
  • Determinism: Behaviour is lawful and orderly and uses example of tap and water to illustrate
  • Empiricism: Objective observation and accurate measurement of the behaviour(s) of interest, uses "He hit his teacher 2 times today" to illustrate
  • Experimentation: To investigate possible relationships by systematically changing one event and observing for changes in another.
  • Replication helps repeat an experiment to see if get similar results,
  • Parsimony uses the most simple and logical explanation for behaviour
  • Philosophic doubt always questions the truthfulness of facts and experiment results, healthy skepticism
  • DEERPP is a mnemonic to remember the attitudes of science.

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Description

Welcome and orientation to Behaviour Theory and Practice (BPP 182 KAA) with Professor Lital Gruneir. Course grading, evaluation, and behavior analysis as an umbrella term will be defined. Course is in live, HyFlex, and online formats. Maintaining a respectful learning environment is expected.

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