Bordetella spp.

B. Pertussis (humans) ,B. Bronchiseptica, B. Adium and B. Parapertussis

They are strict aerobes

<p>Ciliated respiratory epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bordetella avium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mainly animal to animal transmission via aerosol secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neonatal and young animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing with or without dyspnea, ocular or nasal discharge and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and broncholitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High morbidity, low mortality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By facilitating adherence to ciliated respiratory epithelium and inducing tissue damage through toxin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>37°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>27 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bvg (+) = Virulent phase with maximal expression of adherence factors and toxins, leading to host colonization and disease. Bvg (-) = Non-virulent phase with greatly diminished adherence to respiratory cilia and reduced pathogenicity. Bvgi = Intermediate phase with partial expression of virulence factors, potentially aiding in environmental adaptation. Free bee = Free bee</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By modulating macrophage and dendritic cell function, leading to a modified adaptive immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pigs, dogs, rabbits, horses, guinea pigs and cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It modulates macrophage and dendritic cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrophic Rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dermonecrotic toxin indirectly damages the turbinate bones by inhibiting bone formation, leading to gradual atrophy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasteurela multocida</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

B. Pertussis, B. Bronchiseptica, B. Avium, B. Parapertussis

They are Gram-negative rods or coccobacilli.

Bordetella species are strict aerobes.

Primarily colonize the ciliated respiratory epithelium.

Bordetella are poor environmental survivors, except B. Parapertussis.

Known for better environmental survival than other species.

Bordetella spp. are opportunistic pathogens.

Primarily transmitted animal to animal via aerosol secretions.

Neonatal and young animals are particularly susceptible to infections.

Coughing, dyspnea, ocular/nasal discharge, weight loss.

Can cause rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.

Cause high morbidity and low mortality respiratory infections.

Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) helps adherence to epithelial cells.

Virulence factors facilitate adherence and induce tissue damage through toxins.

B. Bronchiseptica remains in the host due to immune modulation.

B. Bronchiseptica alters macrophage function for its benefit.

B. Bronchiseptica changes dendritic cell activity, affecting immunity.

B. Bronchiseptica modifies the adaptive immune response in hosts.

Modified immune responses can lead to persistent infections.

The nasopharynx is the primary site of infection for B. Bronchiseptica in pigs.

B. Bronchiseptica releases a dermonecrotic toxin, damaging osteoblasts and preventing bone formation.

Atrophic rhinitis can be progressive (with Pasteurella multocida) or non-progressive (B. bronchiseptica alone).

Higher stocking density and poor ventilation increase the incidence of B. Bronchiseptica infections in pigs.

Vaccination, antibiotic treatment, and improved management are key in treating B. Bronchiseptica infections.