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What are the bones of the upper limb?
What are the bones of the upper limb?
The bones of the upper limb are: Pectoral Girdle, Arm, Forearm, Wrist, Hand.
What are the two bones that make up the Pectoral Girdle?
What are the two bones that make up the Pectoral Girdle?
The Pectoral Girdle is very heavy and restricts free movement of the upper limb.
The Pectoral Girdle is very heavy and restricts free movement of the upper limb.
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What is the bone of the arm?
What is the bone of the arm?
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What are the bones of the forearm?
What are the bones of the forearm?
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What are the bones of the wrist?
What are the bones of the wrist?
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The clavicle is a long bone that lies horizontally across the root of the neck.
The clavicle is a long bone that lies horizontally across the root of the neck.
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The clavicle is deep beneath the muscle and skin.
The clavicle is deep beneath the muscle and skin.
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Which of these describes the appearance of the clavicle?
Which of these describes the appearance of the clavicle?
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The medial end of the clavicle is flattened.
The medial end of the clavicle is flattened.
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The medial two-thirds of the clavicle is concave forward, while the lateral third is convex forward.
The medial two-thirds of the clavicle is concave forward, while the lateral third is convex forward.
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Which part of the clavicle is rough due to strong ligaments attaching it to the first rib?
Which part of the clavicle is rough due to strong ligaments attaching it to the first rib?
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The clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
The clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
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The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint.
The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint.
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The clavicle articulates with the first rib at the costoclavicular joint.
The clavicle articulates with the first rib at the costoclavicular joint.
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The scapula is a triangular, flat bone.
The scapula is a triangular, flat bone.
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The scapula extends between the 2nd and 8th ribs.
The scapula extends between the 2nd and 8th ribs.
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Which of these is NOT a process of the scapula?
Which of these is NOT a process of the scapula?
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The spine of the scapula is a thick, projecting ridge of bone that continues laterally.
The spine of the scapula is a thick, projecting ridge of bone that continues laterally.
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What forms the subcutaneous point of the shoulder?
What forms the subcutaneous point of the shoulder?
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The Coracoid process resembles a beaklike process.
The Coracoid process resembles a beaklike process.
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What are three borders of the scapula?
What are three borders of the scapula?
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The Glenoid cavity is a shallow, concave oval fossa that receives the head of the humerus.
The Glenoid cavity is a shallow, concave oval fossa that receives the head of the humerus.
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How many angles does the scapula have?
How many angles does the scapula have?
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What are the two surfaces of the scapula?
What are the two surfaces of the scapula?
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The convex posterior surface of the scapula is divided by the spine into the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa.
The convex posterior surface of the scapula is divided by the spine into the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa.
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The concave anterior surface of the scapula forms the Subscapular Fossa.
The concave anterior surface of the scapula forms the Subscapular Fossa.
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Winged scapula is a condition where the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula protrude posteriorly.
Winged scapula is a condition where the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula protrude posteriorly.
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Winged scapula is often caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve, which can occur during surgeries like radical mastectomy.
Winged scapula is often caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve, which can occur during surgeries like radical mastectomy.
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The humerus is a typical long bone and is the largest bone in the upper limb.
The humerus is a typical long bone and is the largest bone in the upper limb.
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What are the components of the proximal end of the humerus?
What are the components of the proximal end of the humerus?
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What part of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
What part of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
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The greater tubercle of the humerus is located on the lateral margin of the humerus.
The greater tubercle of the humerus is located on the lateral margin of the humerus.
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The lesser tubercle of the humerus projects posteriorly.
The lesser tubercle of the humerus projects posteriorly.
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The two tubercles of the humerus are separated by the intertubercular groove.
The two tubercles of the humerus are separated by the intertubercular groove.
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The anatomical neck of the humerus is formed by a groove separating the head from the tubercles.
The anatomical neck of the humerus is formed by a groove separating the head from the tubercles.
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The surgical neck of the humerus is a narrow part distal to the tubercles.
The surgical neck of the humerus is a narrow part distal to the tubercles.
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What are the two prominent features of the shaft (body) of the humerus?
What are the two prominent features of the shaft (body) of the humerus?
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The deltoid tuberosity is a rough elevation laterally for the attachment of the deltoid muscle.
The deltoid tuberosity is a rough elevation laterally for the attachment of the deltoid muscle.
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The spiral (radial) groove runs obliquely down the posterior aspect of the shaft.
The spiral (radial) groove runs obliquely down the posterior aspect of the shaft.
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The distal end of the humerus widens and ends in the medial and lateral epicondyles.
The distal end of the humerus widens and ends in the medial and lateral epicondyles.
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The trochlea of the humerus is a medial structure that articulates with the ulna, while the capitulum articulates with the radius.
The trochlea of the humerus is a medial structure that articulates with the ulna, while the capitulum articulates with the radius.
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The coronoid fossa lies above the trochlea and the radial fossa lies above the capitulum.
The coronoid fossa lies above the trochlea and the radial fossa lies above the capitulum.
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The olecranon fossa, located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus, lies above the trochlea.
The olecranon fossa, located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus, lies above the trochlea.
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The most common fractures of the humerus occur at the surgical neck, especially in older individuals with osteoporosis.
The most common fractures of the humerus occur at the surgical neck, especially in older individuals with osteoporosis.
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Fractures to the greater tubercle are commonly seen in younger individuals due to falls on the outstretched hand when the arm is abducted.
Fractures to the greater tubercle are commonly seen in younger individuals due to falls on the outstretched hand when the arm is abducted.
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Fractures of the body of the humerus are most commonly caused by direct blows but can also result from indirect injuries such as falls on the outstretched hand.
Fractures of the body of the humerus are most commonly caused by direct blows but can also result from indirect injuries such as falls on the outstretched hand.
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Which nerve is most commonly affected in a fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus?
Which nerve is most commonly affected in a fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus?
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Which nerve is affected in fractures involving the radial groove of the humerus?
Which nerve is affected in fractures involving the radial groove of the humerus?
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Which nerve is most commonly affected in fractures at the distal end of the humerus?
Which nerve is most commonly affected in fractures at the distal end of the humerus?
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Which nerve is most commonly affected in fractures at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Which nerve is most commonly affected in fractures at the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
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Study Notes
Bones of the Upper Limb
- The upper limb bones consist of the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
- Pectoral Girdle: Composed of the clavicle (anteriorly) and scapula (posteriorly).
- The clavicle is a long bone, horizontally positioned across the neck, and is subcutaneous throughout its length. It resembles a flattened "S" lying on one side and has a medial (sternal) end that is enlarged and triangular, and a lateral (acromial) end that's flattened. The body (shaft) has a convex medial 2/3 and concave lateral 1/3.
- The scapula is a flat, triangular bone, positioned between the 2nd and 7th ribs. Its three major processes are the spine, acromion, and coracoid.
- Arm: The humerus is the single long bone of the arm.
- Forearm: The forearm contains two bones: the radius and ulna.
- Wrist: Carpal bones collectively form the wrist.
- Hand: Metacarpals and phalanges make up the hand's structure.
Humerus
- The humerus is the longest bone of the upper limb.
- Proximal end: The head, neck, greater tubercle, and lesser tubercle are prominent features. The head is smooth, spherical, and articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
- Surgical neck: A narrow part of the humerus distal to the tubercles.
- Body (shaft): The shaft exhibits a deltoid tuberosity (rough elevation) and a spiral groove (radial groove) that houses the radial nerve and vessels.
- Distal end: Features include the medial and lateral epicondyles, trochlea, and capitulum; these structures define joint areas with radius and ulna.
Scapula Fractures
- Winged scapula occurs due to injury of the long thoracic nerve.
- This injury results in the medial border and the inferior angle of the scapula not being properly adhered to the chest wall. This can be caused by long thoracic nerve damage (like radical mastectomy).
Clavicle Fractures
- Clavicle fractures are common in children due to forces impacting the outstretched hand during falls.
- The weakest part of the clavicle is the junction of the middle and lateral thirds.
- After a fracture, the medial fragment elevates due to the sternomastoid muscle, while the lateral fragment drops due to the weight bearing.
- The lateral fragment may pull medially due to arm adductors.
###Nerves Affected in Humerus Fractures
- Surgical neck: Axillary nerve is affected.
- Radial groove: Radial nerve is affected.
- Distal humeral end: Median nerve is affected.
- Medial epicondyle: Ulnar nerve is affected.
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Description
This quiz covers the various bones that make up the upper limb, including the pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. Learn about the specific characteristics of each bone, such as the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. Test your knowledge and understanding of upper limb anatomy.
