Questions and Answers
What is the diaphysis?
Main shaft of a long bone; hollow, cylindrical shape, thick, compact bone.
What are epiphyses?
Both ends of a long bone made of cancellous bone filled with red marrow.
What is the function of articular cartilage?
Cushion joints and blows, providing a smooth surface for less friction.
What is the periosteum?
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What is the medullary cavity?
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What is the purpose of the endosteum?
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What distinguishes short, flat, and irregular bones?
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What is bone tissue?
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What is compact bone?
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What is spongy bone?
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What do yellow and red marrow consist of?
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What are osteons?
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What is an osteocyte?
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What is the function of osteoblasts?
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What do osteoclasts do?
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What makes up the axial skeleton?
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
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What are epiphyseal plates?
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Describe the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
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Study Notes
Diaphysis
- The diaphysis is the main shaft of a long bone, characterized by a hollow, cylindrical shape.
- Composed of thick, compact bone that provides strong support without excessive weight.
Epiphyses
- Epiphyses refer to the bulbous ends of long bones, formed from cancellous bone filled with red marrow.
- These ends are crucial for muscle attachment and contribute to joint stability.
Articular Cartilage
- This layer of hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the epiphyses.
- Functions to cushion joints, absorb shocks, and reduce friction due to its smooth surface.
Periosteum
- A dense, white fibrous membrane that envelops the bone's surface.
- It firmly attaches tendons, holds cells for bone formation and resorption, and contains blood vessels.
- Plays a significant role in bone growth, repair, and cell survival.
Medullary (Marrow) Cavity
- A tubular, hollow space located within the diaphysis.
- In adults, it contains yellow marrow, while in children, it is filled with red marrow.
Endosteum
- A thin epithelial membrane lining the medullary cavity of long bones.
Short, Flat, and Irregular Bones
- These bones feature an inner portion of cancellous bone, covered externally by compact bone.
- The interior of certain irregular and flat bones is filled with red marrow.
Bone Tissue
- Recognized as the most distinctive connective tissue, with hard and calcified extracellular components.
- Provides rigidity for support and protection, possessing tensile strength comparable to cast iron but is significantly lighter.
Compact Bone
- A dense type of bone tissue with minimal spaces, primarily composed of osteocytes.
- Forms the majority of the human skeleton.
Spongy Bone
- Porous bone containing red marrow that plays a role in blood cell production.
- Typically found within long bones.
Yellow and Red Marrow
- Red marrow is involved in the production of red and white blood cells, while yellow marrow contains fat cells.
Osteons
- Cylindrical structures that organize compact bone tissue.
Osteocytes
- Specialized bone cells that play a role in maintaining bone tissue.
Osteoblasts
- Cells responsible for reshaping and building new bone.
Osteoclasts
- Cells that break down and resorb bone tissue.
Axial Skeleton
- Comprises the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton
- Includes all bones other than those in the axial skeleton.
Epiphyseal Plates
- Also known as growth plates, are areas of growing tissue near the ends of long bones.
Endochondral vs. Intramembranous
- Intramembranous ossification forms flat bones of the skull, while endochondral ossification is responsible for forming most other bones in the body.
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Description
Explore the essential terms related to the structure of long bones with this flashcard quiz. Learn about the diaphysis, epiphyses, and their functions in providing support and stability. Ideal for students studying anatomy or related fields.