Bone Structure and Function

Compact Bone = Dense, tightly packed tissue composed of a continuous extracellular matrix Spongy Bone = Consists of irregular, thin bony plate projections Diaphysis = An example of a compact bone Epiphysis = An example of spongy bone

Osteogenic Cells = Stem cells that turn into osteoblasts as needed Osteoblasts = Form the bone matrix and secrete the collagen matrix Osteocytes = Mature bone cells that are crystallized osteoblasts Osteoclasts = Reabsorb old bone

Collagen = Provides flexibility and framework of bone formation Calcium = Contributes to hardness and strength of bones Phosphate = Works with calcium to provide structural integrity Bone Matrix = Composed of 1/3 collagen fibers and 2/3 calcium & phosphate salt

<p>Paget’s Disease = Disorder of the bone remodeling process Overactive Osteoclasts = Lead to bones being prone to fractures Typical Age Group = Patients usually over 40 years old Symptoms = Can include pain and bone deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open Fracture = Bone breaks through the skin Closed Fracture = Bone is out of alignment but remains under the skin Open Reduction = Requires surgery to realign the fractured bone Closed Reduction = Can realign the fractured bone without surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Bone Healing = Osteoblasts &amp; Osteoclasts connect broken structures directly Indirect Bone Healing = Cartilaginous patches form before regeneration begins Osteoblasts = Cells that form new bone Osteoclasts = Cells that break down old bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvis = Wider bone structure and deformity Skull = Increased growth leading to headaches Spine = Potential for curvature issues Legs = Possible joint pain and mobility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal Callus = Forms within the medullary cavity External Callus = Forms around the outside of the fracture site Cartilaginous Patch = Initial structure before bone regeneration Bone Regeneration = Formation of new bone at fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact Bone = Provides strength and support Spongy Bone = Allows for lightness and shock absorption Long Bones = Facilitates movement and weight-bearing Flat Bones = Protects internal organs and provides surface area for muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protects internal organs = a. Skull protects brain Stores and releases fat = b. Yellow bone marrow Produces blood cells = c. Red bone marrow Facilitates movement = d. Attachment points for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiphysis = a. End of a long bone that forms a joint Diaphysis = b. Shaft of the bone Medullary cavity = c. Hollow chamber within diaphysis Periosteum = d. Tough, vascular covering of tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yellow bone marrow = a. Fat storage Red bone marrow = b. Blood cell formation Adipocytes = c. Fat-forming cells Hematopoiesis = d. Process of blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long bones = a. Arm and leg bones Flat bones = b. Sternum and skull Short bones = c. Carpals and tarsals Irregular bones = d. Vertebrae and pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium = a. Essential for blood clotting Phosphorus = b. Important for energy production Iron = c. Component of hemoglobin Magnesium = d. Crucial for muscle and nerve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articular cartilage = a. Covers the ends of bones Hyaline cartilage = b. Found in growth plates Fibrocartilage = c. In intervertebral discs Elastic cartilage = d. In the ear and epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skull = a. Protects the brain Vertebral column = b. Protects the spinal cord Rib cage = c. Protects heart and lungs Pelvis = d. Protects reproductive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osseous tissue = a. The hard tissue of bones Compact bone = b. Dense outer layer of bone Spongy bone = c. Light, porous inner structure Bone marrow = d. Soft tissue inside bones involved in blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone marrow produces blood cells (red and white blood cells, platelets) and stores fat.

Yellow bone marrow is a type of bone marrow that primarily stores fat for energy.

Red bone marrow is a type of bone marrow that produces blood cells.

Bones protect internal organs like the brain (skull) and spinal cord (vertebral column).

Bones provide attachment points for muscles, enabling movement.

Bones provide structural support for the body.

The end of a long bone that articulates (joins) with another bone to form a joint.

The hollow chamber within the diaphysis (shaft) of a long bone. It contains bone marrow.

A bone fracture where the broken bone pierces the skin.

A bone fracture where the broken bone does not break the skin.

Putting a fractured bone back into its correct alignment.

Bone healing where osteoblasts and osteoclasts directly connect broken bone ends, forming new bone.

Bone healing where a cartilaginous patch forms in-between the broken ends before bone regenerates.

Dense, tightly packed bone tissue with a continuous extracellular matrix.

Bone tissue with irregular, thin bony projections; resists compressive forces; reduces bone weight.

The supportive framework of bone, composed of collagen fibers and calcium/phosphate salts.

Stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Bone-forming cells that secrete the collagen matrix.

Mature bone cells that maintains bone's mineral content.

Cells that break down and reabsorb old bone.

A bone remodeling disorder causing overactive osteoclasts, leading to bone weakness and frequent fractures.