Human Anatomy: Bone Structure and Function

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Which type of bone is exemplified by the vertebrae and facial bones?

Short Bones

Flat Bones

Long Bones

Irregular Bones (correct)

What is the primary function of hyaline cartilage in the context of bones?

It covers the joint surfaces to allow smooth movement. (correct)

It produces red blood cells within the bone.

It provides structural support to the bone.

It helps anchor muscles and ligaments to the bone.

Which part of the bone is primarily composed of spongy bone?

Periosteum

Cortex

Epiphyses (correct)

Diaphysis

What is contained within the periosteum?

Blood vessels and connective tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue are tendons and ligaments made of?

Dense connective tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where tissues are replaced by bone during embryonic development?

Ossification (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the embryonic skeleton forms primarily from fibrous connective tissue?

Cranial and facial bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What remains between the skull bones at birth, indicating incomplete ossification?

Fontanels (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does ossification begin in the form of bone development?

In the centers of the bones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone marrow is primarily found in the cavity of long bones?

Yellow bone marrow (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for the formation of collagen in the bone matrix?

Vitamin C (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone in bone metabolism?

Increases blood calcium levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing the reabsorption of calcium from bones?

Calcitonin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of estrogen or testosterone on long bone growth?

Causes long bones to stop growing (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine?

Vitamin D (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red bone marrow in the skeletal system?

Production of blood cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone tissue is characterized by cylindrical arrangements of osteocytes?

Compact bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the skeletal system help in maintaining homeostasis?

Through the storage of excess calcium (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are specifically mentioned as protecting internal organs?

Ribs and vertebrae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spongy bone from compact bone?

Arrangement of osteocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does calcium play in bone structure?

It is crucial for blood clotting and bone strength (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Energy production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the bone matrix?

Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of fontanels in an infant's skull?

To allow for compression during childbirth. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue initially comprises the bones of the trunk and extremities in an embryo?

Cartilage (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the primary center of ossification develop in long bones?

In the diaphysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the epiphyseal discs in long bones after birth?

Growth in length stops when cartilage is replaced by bone. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for forming the marrow canal in long bones?

Osteoclasts (B) Signup and view all the answers