Bone Structure and Function PDF

BONE STRUCTURE A&P MS. LOPEZ  FUNCTIONS 1. PROTECTS INTERNAL ORGANS a. SKULL PROTECTS BRAIN b. VERTEBRAL COLUMN PROTECTS SPINAL CORD 2. STORES AND RELEASES FAT a. YELLOW BONE MARROW 3. PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS...

BONE STRUCTURE A&P MS. LOPEZ  FUNCTIONS 1. PROTECTS INTERNAL ORGANS a. SKULL PROTECTS BRAIN b. VERTEBRAL COLUMN PROTECTS SPINAL CORD 2. STORES AND RELEASES FAT a. YELLOW BONE MARROW 3. PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS a. RED BONE MARROW 4. STORES & RELEASES MINERALS a. CALCIUM & PHOSPHOROUS (THERE ARE MANY MORE!) 5. FACILITATES MOVEMENT a. ATTACHMENT POINTS FOR MUSCLES 6. SUPPORTS THE BODY a. “SCAFFOLDING OF THE BODY”  BONE MARROW BONE MARROW IS A CONNECT TISSUE INSIDE MOST BONES YELLOW BONE MARROW: FAT STORAGE CONTAINS ADIPOCYTES (FAT FORMING CELLS) ADIPOCYTES CONTAIN TRIGLYCERIDES THAT ARE USED AS A FORM OF ENERGY FOR OTHER TISSUES RED BONE MARROW: BLOOD CELL FORMATION HEMATOPOIESIS = “HEMATO-” BLOOD, “-POIESIS” TO MAKE RBC/WBC & PLATELETES ARE FORMED PARTS OF A LONG BONE EPIPHYSIS - END OF A LONG BONE, ARTICULATE WITH ANOTHER BONE (FORMS A JOINT) ARTICULAR CARTILAGE = HYALINE CARTILAGE METAPHYSIS - WHERE THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE IS LOCATED (GROWTH PLATES) DIAPHYSIS - SHAFT OF THE BONE PERIOSTEUM - TOUGH, VASCULAR COVERING OF TISSUE MEDULLARY CAVITY - HOLLOW CHAMBER WITHIN DIAPHYSIS MARROW = SOFT CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION OF BONES  STARBUCKS MODE USING YOUR TEXTBOOK CHAPTERS 6.1-6.3 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN THE “BONE CLASSIFICATIONS” DISCUSSION ON CANVAS 1. SUPPOSE YOUR RED BONE MARROW COULD NOT BE FORMED. WHAT FUNCTIONS WOULD YOUR BODY NOT BE ABLE TO PERFORM? 2. SUPPOSE YOUR OSSEOUS TISSUE COULD NOT STORE CALCIUM. WHAT FUNCTIONS WOULD YOUR BODY NOT BE ABLE TO PERFORM? 3. WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STERNUM AND THE PATELLA? 4. BRAINSTORM ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF BONES THE PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS (YOU CANNOT USE THE SKULL OR VERTEBRAE) COMPACT VS. SPONGEY COMPACT BONE: DENSE, TIGHTLY PACKED TISSUE COMPOSED OF A CONTINUOUS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX DIAPHYSIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A COMPACT BONE SPONGEY BONE: CONSISTS OF IRREGULAR, THIN BONY PLATE PROJECTIONS; HIGHLY DEVELOPED TO RESIST COMPRESSIVE FORCES, REDUCES BONES WEIGHT EPIPHYSIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF SPONGEY BONE  BONE MATRIX Osseous tissue (osteo- “bone” tissue) is a Osseous tissue is composed of: connective tissue type that supports the 1/3 collagen fibers bone forming cells, osteocytes, 2/3 calcium & phosphate salt providing structure and flexibility. COLLAGEN PROVIDES THE FLEXIBILITY & FRAMEWORK OF BONE FORMATION CALCIUM + PHOSPHATE SALT PROVIDES HARDNESS AND STRENGTH BONE CELLS Osteogenic Cells Stem cells (undifferentiated) Turn into Osteoblasts as needed Osteoblasts Form the bone matrix Secrete the collagen matrix Osteocyte Mature bone cell When osteoblasts are crystalized into the bone matrix Osteoclast Reabsorbs old bone PAGET’S DISEASE Disorder of the bone remodeling process: Patients with Paget’s Disease are usually over 40 years old Overactive Osteoclasts Bones are prone to fractures Symptoms can include: pain, bone deformities, and frequent fractures  STARBUCKS MODE USING YOUR TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 6.3 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN THE “BONE CELLS” DISCUSSION ON CANVAS 1. PROVIDE A THOROUGH DESCRIPTION OF PAGET’S DISEASE INCLUDING WHAT IT IS, WHAT CAUSES IT, AND THE IMPROPER FUNCTION OF RELATED BONE CELLS. 2. WHY DO YOU THINK PAGET’S DISEASE MOSTLY EFFECT THE PELVIS, SKULL, SPINE AND LEGS? 3. WHY IS THE STRUCTURAL MAKE UP OF SPONGEY AND COMPACT BONE RELATIVE TO THEIR FUNCTIONS? BONE FRACTURE Open Fractures: The fractured bone breaks through the skin Closed Fractures: The fractured bone is out of alignment however, it remains within the skin Reduction: To manipulate the bone back into alignment Open Reduction: Requires surgery to reduce the bone back into place Closed Reduction: Does not require surgery to re-align the fractured bone FRACTURE REPAIR Direct Bone Healing: Osteoblasts & Osteoclasts unite broken structures by simple bone to bone contact. (Forming new bone on to of the fracture site) Indirect Bone Healing: Cartilaginous patches are formed between broken bone before regeneration begins.  STARBUCKS MODE USING YOUR TEXTBOOK CHAPTER 6.5 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN THE “BONE REPAIR” DISCUSSION ON CANVAS 1. DESCRIBE THE 8 TYPES OF FRACTURES REVIEWED IN CLASS AND ANY IMPORTANT INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EACH 2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN INTERN AND EXTERNAL CALLOUS? WHEN YOU’RE DONE, PLEASE YOUTUBE” AMOEBA SISTERS: SKELETAL SYSTEM” AND TAKE NOTES UPLOAD YOUR COMPLETED NOTES TO THE “BONE REPAIR DISCUSSION” AS AN ATTACHMENT