Bones of the Lower Limb Anatomy

The lower limb is a crucial part of the body responsible for supporting weight, enabling movement, and maintaining balance.

The hip bone, also known as the os coxae, connects the trunk to the lower limb and forms the pelvic girdle.

The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh.

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a small, flat bone that protects the front of the knee joint.

The tibia and fibula are the two bones making up the leg below the knee. The tibia is larger and stronger, while the fibula is thinner.

The tarsus is a group of seven bones that connect the ankle to the foot. The metatarsus consists of five long bones that form the arch of the foot. The phalanges are the toe bones.

Hip bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. These bones fuse during puberty, but their names are still used in adults.

The arrangement of lower limb bones in bipeds is different from that of quadrupeds due to the upright posture.

A point on the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) located halfway between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle.

The prominent bony projection on the superior part of the ilium.

The opening in the hipbone formed by the ischium and pubis bones.

The sharp, prominent edge on the superior ramus of the pubis bone.

The joint between the two pubic bones.

The highest point of the iliac crest, located opposite the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4).

The posterior superior iliac spine is found at the level of the second sacral vertebra (S2).

A break in the femur bone, often caused by a car accident or a fall.

An intramedullary nail is inserted into the hollow of the femur to stabilize the fracture, while a metal plate is attached to the outer surface of the bone, using screws.

The largest sesamoid bone in the human body, located within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, responsible for extending the knee.

The patella has a pointed apex, a wide base, a rough anterior surface, and an articular surface divided into two facets.

The tibia articulates with the condyles of the femur at the knee and with the talus at the ankle. It's the main weight-bearing bone in the lower leg.

The fibula is a long, thin bone that mainly serves as an attachment point for muscles and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the ankle joint.

The interosseous membrane connects the shafts of the tibia and fibula, allowing them to work together as a unit.

The tibial tuberosity is a prominent bump on the anterior aspect of the tibia where the quadriceps femoris muscle attaches via the patellar ligament.

A bony prominence on the inferior surface of the cuboid bone, located proximal to the groove for the peroneus longus tendon.

A palpable bony structure on the lateral side of the foot, located at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone.

A prominent bony prominence on the medial side of the foot, located on the navicular bone.

The tibial plafond is a bony prominence on the distal end of the tibia, forming the 'ceiling' of the ankle joint.

A radiographic image of the ankle joint taken from the front, showing the talus, tibia, fibula, and surrounding structures.

Epiphyseal plates are areas of hyaline cartilage located in the metaphysis of long bones. These plates are crucial for longitudinal bone growth and are present in children and adolescents until they fuse with the main bone through ossification.

The epiphyseal plate is a hyaline cartilage structure located near the end of a long bone. It is responsible for bone growth in length. The epiphyseal plate eventually fuses with the main bone during adolescence, marking the completion of linear growth.

The process of bone growth in length, where the epiphyseal plate (physis) gradually ossifies and fuses with the main bone. Once the epiphyseal plate is fully ossified, growth in length stops.

A type of cartilage that is found in the epiphyseal plates and other structures like the nose and ribs. It is a smooth, translucent cartilage that provides a supportive and flexible structure.

The end of a long bone, where the epiphyseal plate is located. It is also known as the 'metaphysis'.

The bony prominence on the medial side of the ankle, articulating with the talus.

A groove on the posterior surface of the tibia, providing a pathway for tendons and vessels.

The lower surface of the tibia that articulates with the talus bone of the foot, forming part of the ankle joint.

A wide depression on the lateral side of the tibia that forms a fibrous joint with the fibula.

A strong ligamentous connection between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula, contributing to ankle stability.

The bony projection on the lateral side of the ankle, articulating with the talus.

A small depression on the inner surface of the lateral malleolus, providing attachment for ankle ligaments.

The slender bone located on the lateral side of the leg, which doesn't contribute to weight transmission but provides muscle attachments.