18 Questions
Which component in bone acts like steel reinforcing rods according to the text?
Collagen
What happens to bones when there is insufficient calcium, based on the text?
Bones become softer
What is the function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?
Break down bone tissue
Which type of bone cells are primarily involved in the formation of new bone tissue?
Osteoblasts
What role does cartilage play in bone development?
Serves as a flexible precursor to bone
How do collagen fibers in compact bone contribute to its mechanical strength?
Collagen fibers resist twisting and bending forces due to their arrangement
Which component of the bone matrix contributes to bone's flexibility and tensile strength?
Collagen
What is the function of osteoclasts in bone physiology?
Breaking down bone tissue
What limits the thickness of cartilage in terms of oxygen and nutrient supply?
Limited blood supply to chondrocytes
Which component makes up about 65% of the total weight of bones?
Hydroxyapatite
What is the role of osteoblasts in bone formation?
Secreting new bone matrix
Which type of cells largely surround themselves in small cavities called lacunae in cartilage?
Chondrocytes
What is the primary function of osteoclasts?
Secreting hydrogen ions to break down inorganic matrix
Which cells recruit osteoblasts to build up or reinforce bone under tension?
Osteocytes
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
Building new bone matrix
What is the extracellular matrix of cartilage composed of?
Collagen and glycosaminoglycans
From which cells do osteoclasts originate?
Bone marrow cells
What do chondroblasts primarily contribute to in cartilage?
Making most of the extracellular matrix
Study Notes
Bone Matrix
- The combination of collagen and inorganic matrix makes bone shatter-resistant.
- Vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis.
- The mineralized matrix acts like concrete, giving bones hardness.
- Insufficient calcium intake can lead to soft bones.
Bone Structure
- Compact bone is the structural and functional unit of bone tissue, composed of concentric lamellae.
- Collagen fibers in compact bone are arranged in a "corkscrew" pattern, providing resistance to twisting and bending forces.
- Compact bone is subjected to great stress and must be able to withstand it to prevent damage.
Bone Cells
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone extracellular matrix and have the ability to recruit osteoblasts to build up or reinforce bone under tension.
- Osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix, maintaining bone extracellular matrix.
- Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, breaking down inorganic and organic matrices, and releasing Ca2+ into the blood.
Cartilage
- Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that is tough, flexible, and absorbs shock.
- The extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage consists of collagen and elastic fibers, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans.
- Chondroblasts are immature cells that divide and make most of the ECM, while chondrocytes are mature cells that surround themselves in small cavities (lacunae).
Bone Matrix Composition
- The organic components of bone matrix, including collagen and osteoid, contribute to bone's flexibility and strong tensile strength.
- The inorganic components, including hydroxyapatite, make up about 65% of the bone's total weight and provide hardness.
- The extracellular matrix of bone consists of both inorganic and organic components, with the inorganic matrix providing support and protection and the organic matrix providing flexibility and tensile strength.
Test your knowledge about bone matrix and mineralization processes. Learn about the importance of collagen, minerals, Vitamin C, and calcium in bone health. Explore methods to study bone composition like soaking in acid or heating.
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