203 Theme 3 Practice Questions

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Questions and Answers

When a bone is broken, what is NOT the first stage of the process that happens immediately?

blood cells enter the region of injury and form a clot

Hematoma

Inflammation

Remodeling of bone (correct)

Name ONE example of a bisphosphonate drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Alendronate

Risedronate

Etidronate

All of the above (correct)

Which is NOT a reason why bisphosphonates specifically affect bone cells and not other cells in the body?

Bisphosphonates bind to calcium, and bone has more exposed calcium than any other tissue.

Oral bioavailability is low because the drug has a highly negative charge (associated with phosphate groups)

Osteoclasts ingest bone during resorption, so they take up larger quantities of the drug

Because osteoblasts specifically uptake bisphosphonates during bone formation (correct)

Which known factors that are important in the development of optimum peak bone mass during the teenage years and early 20s.

all of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a known factor that is important in the development of optimum peak bone mass during the teenage years and early 20s.

Adequate dietary intake of iron Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a main feature of rigor mortis at the organ or whole body level

discolouration of the skin Signup and view all the answers

Regarding cross bridge cycling and rigor mortis. Describe the molecular mechanism underlying rigor mortis.

<ol> <li>ATP is depleted after death. 2) Without ATP, SERCA ceases to resequester Ca2+, leading to an increase in Cytosolic Ca2+. 3)This allows crossbridge cycle contraction to continue without normal regulation/inhibition (Until ATP & creatine-P runs out). 4) Once ATP runs out, myosin molecular activity stops just after power stroke; thus myosin remains bound to actin indefinitely, and muscle is held rigid in contracted position until the muscle tissue degrades after approximately 3 days at normal temperatures</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding rheumatoid arthritis

A 35-year-old woman presents to her GP with a 6-week history of pain and swelling in her joints. The GP thinks she may have rheumatoid arthritis.

What is NOT a joint most commonly affected in rheumatoid arthritis?

glenohumeral joint Signup and view all the answers

Regarding rheumatoid arthritis

The GP takes blood and requests several tests. What is not an abnormality that may be seen in the tests ordered by the GP in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Raised HLA DR4 Signup and view all the answers

Regarding rheumatoid arthritis The patient is quite disabled by her symptoms. What is NOT a treatment that can be given to help improve them in the short term while she waits to see a rheumatologist.

Opioids Signup and view all the answers

Name the following radiological appearance.

Pencil in cup Signup and view all the answers

A 26 year old lady presents post-partum with pain and swelling of her MCPs, wrists and feet. The pain has an inflammatory pattern and on examination you find that she has active synovitis of her MCPs and MTPs. Which of the following blood tests would indicate the activity of her disease?

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common organism to cause septic arthritis in an adult patient with no co-morbidities?

Staphlococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

The haematopoietic precursor cells that form monocytes (GM-CFUs) also are the precursors for what type of musculoskeletal cells?

Osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Fracture and Osteoporosis

The first stage of the process that happens immediately when a bone is broken is not specified.
Alendronate is an example of a bisphosphonate drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Bisphosphonates specifically affect bone cells and not other cells in the body because they are taken up by osteoclasts, not because they are dependent on the presence of calcium.

Peak Bone Mass

Important factors in the development of optimum peak bone mass during the teenage years and early 20s include adequate nutrition, calcium and vitamin D, and regular exercise.
A known factor that is not important in the development of optimum peak bone mass during the teenage years and early 20s is not specified.

Rigor Mortis

A main feature of rigor mortis at the organ or whole body level is not a gradual onset.
Cross-bridge cycling is involved in the molecular mechanism underlying rigor mortis, which occurs when ATP is depleted, causing the rigor complexes to form, leading to muscle stiffness.
Rigor mortis is a post-mortem phenomenon, characterized by muscle stiffening.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

The joints most commonly affected in rheumatoid arthritis are not the lumbar spine.
Abnormalities that may be seen in blood tests ordered by the GP in patients with rheumatoid arthritis include elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.
Treatments that can be given to help improve symptoms in the short term while waiting to see a rheumatologist include corticosteroids, but not antibiotics.
The radiological appearance of rheumatoid arthritis is not specified.

Post-Partum Arthritis

The blood test that would indicate the activity of the disease in the 26-year-old lady presenting post-partum with pain and swelling of her MCPs, wrists, and feet is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Septic Arthritis

The most common organism to cause septic arthritis in an adult patient with no co-morbidities is Staphylococcus aureus.

Musculoskeletal Cells

The haematopoietic precursor cells that form monocytes (GM-CFUs) are also the precursors for osteoclasts.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the stages of bone fracture process. Identify the stage that does not happen immediately when a bone is broken.