Fracture Healing and Management Quiz
21 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of primary healing compared to secondary healing?

  • Involves relative stability
  • Involves Haversian remodelling (correct)
  • Requires external callus formation
  • Utilizes plaster casts

    • What is one of the goals of fracture management?

  • Enhance aesthetics
  • Promote complete immobility
  • Minimize intervention (correct)
  • Facilitate immediate mobility

    • Which of the following refers to a method involved in secondary healing?

  • Plate and screws
  • Immediate mobilization
  • Endochondral ossification (correct)
  • Absolute stability

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 ‘R’s of fracture management?

    <p>Recreate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is an example of non-operative management of fractures?

    <p>Use of simple splints for comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone healing occurs when there is less movement at the fracture site?

    <p>Secondary healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts during the repair of a fracture?

    <p>Increased strain at the fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the 'remodeling' phase in bone healing?

    <p>Transforming woven bone into lamellar bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law describes the remodeling of bone according to mechanical stress?

    <p>Wolff's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During secondary healing, what is the role of chondroblasts?

    <p>Stabilizing the fracture by forming cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if there is too much movement at the fracture site during healing?

    <p>Delayed healing and potential nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of fracture healing begins in the middle of the repair process?

    <p>Remodeling phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stabilizes a fracture during the secondary healing process?

    <p>Soft callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fracture defined as?

    <p>A disruption in bone continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of trauma cases are caused by falls?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition increases the risk of fracture due to bone weakness?

    <p>Osteogenesis imperfecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An open fracture is defined as which of the following?

    <p>A fracture with direct communication to the external environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of injury mechanism leads to a fracture?

    <p>Excessive normal force on weak bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with both a dislocated joint and an injury to the bone?

    <p>Fracture dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered an acquired condition that may lead to increased fracture risk?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fracture involves multiple bone fragments?

    <p>Comminuted fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Trauma Overview

    • Trauma is a significant medical topic.
    • Online videos provide further detail (approximately 1 hour 30 minutes).
    • Fracture healing is covered (14 minutes).
    • Basic fracture care (22 minutes).
    • Life-threatening injuries (21 minutes).
    • Limb-threatening injuries (17 minutes).

    What is Trauma?

    • Trauma results from any external force on the body.
    • A leading cause of morbidity and mortality in working-age individuals and the elderly.
    • Loss of income, pain, prolonged bed rest, and even death are potential consequences.
    • Trauma is a significant factor in death and disability in the first four decades of life.
    • Orthopaedic surgery frequently involves trauma-related issues, accounting for approximately 50% of cases.

    Mechanism of Injury

    • Falls account for 70% of injuries.
    • Road traffic accidents (RTAs) constitute 15%.
    • Assault accounts for 5%.
    • Other causes make up 10%.
    • Falls from less than 2 meters account for 59%.
    • Falls from more than 2 meters account for 11%.

    Nomenclature (Terminology)

    • Fracture: A break in bone continuity.
    • Dislocation: Complete loss of continuity of 2 bones forming a joint.
    • Subluxation: Partial loss of continuity of 2 bones forming a joint.
    • Comminuted: Multiple bone fragments.
    • Intra-articular: Fracture extends into a joint.
    • Fracture-dislocation: A dislocated joint with an associated fracture.
    • Open fracture: Direct communication between the fracture and the external environment.

    What Causes Fractures?

    • 1. Injury Mechanism: The force exceeds the bone's maximum capacity.
    • 2. Co-morbidities: Conditions increasing fracture risk after injury.
      • Congenital (e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta).
      • Acquired (e.g., metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, tumors).
    • 3. Co-morbidities: Conditions increasing injury risk.
      • Visual impairment
      • Alcohol/drug use
      • Neuropathy
      • Balance disorder
      • Epilepsy

    Epidemiology (Statistics)

    • Trauma cases typically exhibit a bimodal distribution.
    • Peak 1: Young males involved in high-energy traumas, such as assaults, falls (>2 meters), and road traffic collisions (RTCs).
    • Peak 2: Older females frequently involved in low-energy falls (<2 meters).

    Fracture Patterns

    • Complete: Fracture goes all the way through the bone.
      • Simple (e.g., transverse, oblique, spiral).
      • Complex/Comminuted.
      • Compression.
    • Incomplete: The whole cortex isn't broken.

    Fracture Location

    • Epiphysis: The end of a long bone.
    • Metaphysis: The portion connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis.
    • Diaphysis: The shaft of the bone.

    Requesting Radiographs

    • Specify the area requiring X-rays (not the entire limb).
    • Aim for at least two views (e.g., AP and lateral).
    • Specialized views (e.g., mortise, scaphoid).

    Fracture Healing

    • Primary Healing: Direct healing, without callus formation. Requires precise apposition and immobilization (often surgical).
    • Secondary Healing: Requires stability but permits some movement (often occurs naturally).
      • Involves inflammation, callus formation, and remodelling.

    Fracture Management Goals

    • Least invasive: Prioritize minimizing intervention.
    • Prevent pain.
    • Preserve function.
    • Avoid complications.
    • 4 Rs: Resuscitate, Reduce, Restrict movement, Rehabilitate.

    Non-Operative Management

    • No intervention
    • Simple Splints (comfort)
    • Positional control devices

    Operative Management

    • Advantages: Less immobilization, earlier rehabilitation, pain control, better alignment, potentially preventing future problems.
    • Disadvantages: More expensive, sometimes increased healing time, complications are a risk.

    High-Energy Trauma Features

    • Multiple injured body parts: Often a polytrauma situation.
    • Complex fracture patterns: Displaced, severe fractures.
    • Soft tissue injuries: Wounds, open fractures, tissue loss, neurovascular damage, burns.
    • ABCDE assessment: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure (vital in high-energy traumas)

    Life-Threatening Trauma

    • Airway obstruction
    • Tension pneumothorax
    • Open pneumothorax
    • Massive hemothorax
    • Flail chest
    • Cardiac tamponade

    Open Fractures

    • Direct communication between the external environment and the fracture.
    • Bone often penetrates the skin.
    • Prompt management (surgical debridement and stabilization).
    • Increased risk of infection (often resulting in problems with healing).

    Management - ED & Surgery

    • ED (Emergency Department): IV antibiotics, tetanus treatment, splinting, stabilization (e.g., repositioning bone elements), wound management.
    • Surgery: Immediate wound cleaning, debridement, removal of contaminated tissue, skeletal stabilization, and wound closure. 
    • Sequential approach: Different stages of intervention.

    Tibial Shaft Fracture

    • 25 years old, male, high-level athlete.
    • Isolated injury to the left lower leg.
    • High-energy mechanism.
    • Clinical presentation: pain, opioid-refractory pain, passive movement discomfort, potential sensory disturbances, and muscle tightness.

    Compartment Syndrome

    • Increased pressure within a compartment (e.g., muscle group, limb). This results in reduced blood flow, severe pain, and tissue damage.
    • Immediate surgical intervention (fasciotomy) usually required to decompress involved compartment.
    • Typical presentation involves severe pain, disproportionate to injury, and swelling. Pulse is not a reliable indicator for the condition.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Lecture 4 - Trauma Overview 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key concepts of primary and secondary healing processes. Additionally, explore the objectives of fracture management and identify methods used in secondary healing. This quiz is designed to reinforce your understanding of fracture healing.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser