Body Movements in Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which joint is classified as a secondary cartilaginous joint?

Elbow joint

Pubic symphysis

Intervertebral disc (correct)

Superior tibiofibular joint

What type of movement is primarily associated with hinge joints?

Movement in one plane (correct)

Movement around all three axes

Movement in two planes

Slipping movements only

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of synovial joints?

Fibrous capsule

Joint (synovial) cavity

Articular hyaline cartilage

Bony fusion at the joint (correct)

Which joint allows for biaxial movement?

Condyloid joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is an example of a nonaxial joint?

Midcarpal joints Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a joint that allows no movement?

Synarthroses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue?

Fibrous joints Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed where a tooth fits into its socket?

Gomphosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements involves turning the palm upward?

Supination Signup and view all the answers

Turning the sole of the foot inward is known as which of the following movements?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

Which structural classification of joints allows for the greatest range of motion?

Synovial joints Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?

Epiphyseal plates Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is characterized by bending a limb at a joint, decreasing the angle between two bones?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of a body part away from the midline?

Abduction Signup and view all the answers

Which joint movement involves turning the palm backward and the thumb pointing toward the midline?

Pronation Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint movement is described as bringing the foot toward the shin?

Dorsiflexion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the movement of the mandible upward?

Elevation Signup and view all the answers

What defines circumduction in terms of joint movement?

A circular movement of a body part Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the turning of the sole of the foot outward?

Eversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement called when the thumb touches the tip of another finger on the same hand?

Opposition Signup and view all the answers

Which joint movement describes the rotation of a part of the body to face inward?

Internal rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between retraction and protraction in mandibular movements?

Retraction moves the mandible backward; protraction moves it forward. Signup and view all the answers

In what case does flexion occur?

Bending two surfaces toward each other. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Movements

Flexion: Bending two surfaces toward each other
Extension: Bending two surfaces away from each other
Abduction: Movement away from the midline
Adduction: Movement towards the midline
Internal Rotation: Turning a part of the body to face inward, towards the midline
External Rotation: Turning a part of the body to face outward, away from the midline
Circumduction: Circular movement
Rotation: Turning on a single axis
Supination: Lateral rotation of the forearm, leaving the palm forward and thumb away from the midline
Pronation: Medial rotation of the forearm, leaving the palm backward and thumb pointing toward the midline
Opposition: Thumb touching the tip of another finger in the same hand
Reposition: Returning the thumb to its normal position
Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward
Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward
Dorsiflexion: Ankle movement bringing the foot toward the shin
Plantarflexion: Ankle movement pointing the foot downward
Depression: Mandible movement downward
Elevation: Mandible movement upward
Retraction: Mandible movement backward
Protraction: Mandible movement forward

Joints (Articulations)

Two or more bones meet together
Functions:
- Give skeleton mobility
- Hold skeleton together

Classification of Joints

Structural Classification:
- Fibrous: Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue
- Cartilaginous: Bones joined by cartilage
- Synovial: Bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity
Functional Classification:
- Immovable (Synarthroses): Fibrous joints
- Slightly movable (Amphiarthroses): Cartilaginous joints
- Freely movable (Diarthroses): Synovial joints

Fibrous Joints

Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
No joint cavity
Most are synarthrotic (immovable)
Types:
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphoses

Sutures

Between bones of the skull
Joined with short connective tissue fibers

Gomphosis

Peg in socket joint
Only example: Tooth in bony alveolar socket

Syndesmosis

Bones connected by ligament
Immovable or slightly movable
Examples:
- Inferior tibiofibular joint
- Interosseus membrane: Between tibia/fibula & ulna/radius

Cartilaginous Joints

Bones united by cartilage
Bones connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
No joint cavity
Types:
- Primary: (Synchondroses)
- Secondary: (Symphyses)

Primary Cartilaginous (Synchondroses)

Bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones
Joints are Synarthroses
Examples:
- Epiphyseal plates in long bones of children
- Costal cartilage of the first rib and manubrium of the sternum (1ry → 1st sternocostal joint)

Secondary Cartilaginous (Symphyses)

Articular surfaces of bone covered with hyaline cartilage fused to a plate of fibrocartilage
Joints are amphiarthrotic
Examples
- Intervertebral joints (discs)
- Pubic symphysis

Synovial Joints

Special features:
- Articular hyaline cartilage
- Joint (synovial cavity)
- Fibrous capsule
- Synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid

Movements at Synovial Joints

Range of Movement:
- Nonaxial—slipping movements only: Plane Joint
- Uniaxial—movement in one plane: Hinge Joint and Pivot Joint
- Biaxial—movement in two planes: Condyloid Joint and Saddle Joint
- Multiaxial—movement around all three: Ball & Socket Joint

Classification of Synovial Joints

Plane Joint:
- Nonaxial joints
- Example: Midcarpal joints
Hinge Joint:
- Uniaxial joints
- Example: Elbow joint
Pivot Joint:
- Uniaxial joints
- Example: Radioulnar joint (Superior)**

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Description

This quiz focuses on the various types of body movements that are crucial in understanding human anatomy. It covers concepts such as flexion, extension, abduction, and more. Test your knowledge on each movement and how they relate to body positioning.