Body Fluids and Circulation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the largest reservoir of body water?

Urinary bladder

Cells (correct)

Cardiovascular system

Digestive tract

Why are the extracellular and intracellular fluids referred to as 'fluid compartments'?

They are separated by specific structural boundaries. (correct)

They are in communication but can maintain different internal compositions. (correct)

Because they receive water from different sources.

They can be regulated independently of each other. (correct)

The movement of the fluid in the capillary bed is the result of:

Osmotic pressure

The electrochemical gradient

Hydrostatic pressure

Osmotic and hydrostatic pressure (correct)

Which is the best definition of osmotic pressure?

It is the force driving water across a semipermeable membrane to eliminate a concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

Water that filters from the capillaries into the interstitial fluid...

Re-enters the bloodstream directly or via the lymphatic system Signup and view all the answers

The extracellular (ECF) and intracellular fluids (ICF) are in osmotic equilibrium. This implies all of the following, EXCEPT:

The hydrostatic pressures in the ICF and the ECF are the same. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be directly measured?

Extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid and total body water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating water balance?

Control of drinking behaviour and control of ADH release (from the pituitary gland) Signup and view all the answers

Dehydration (water depletion) and water intoxication (excess water intake) have the most direct effect on the extracellular fluid concentration of which ion?

Sodium (Na+) Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes an effective buffer?

An ion that can absorb excess H+ ions to prevent pH lowering and release them when pH increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which ion plays a major part in haemostasis (blood clotting)?

Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological factor initiates haemostasis?

Factor released from injured tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of platelet activation?

Platelets become sticky and adhere to each other and injured tissue Signup and view all the answers

Why does whole blood in the intact circulatory system not clot?

Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms oppose blood clotting mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Clotting disorders cause:

An excessive tendency to bleed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the NON-SPECIFIC immune defenses?

Antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Innate immunity is:

Inherited Signup and view all the answers

Immunity can be acquired by all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Chemical (Antibiotics) Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are part of the first line of defense against invaders EXCEPT:

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Allergy involves an excessive immune response against:

Innocuous substances Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Fluids and Circulation

Water makes up 60% of the human body weight. The largest reservoir of body water is the cells (intracellular fluid)
Extracellular and intracellular fluids are compartments with different internal compositions.
Movement of fluid in the capillary bed is driven by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures.
Osmotic pressure is the force that moves water across a semipermeable membrane to eliminate a concentration gradient
Water that filters from the capillaries into the interstitial fluid re-enters the bloodstream directly or via the lymphatic system.
Extracellular fluid and intracellular fluids are in osmotic equilibrium with equal osmotic pressures but different concentration of solutes
Total body water can be measured directly but not extracellular or intracellular fluid.
The hypothalamus regulates water balance by:
- Controlling drinking behaviour
- Controlling ADH release
- Monitoring blood plasma osmolarity
Both dehydration and water intoxication directly affect sodium (Na+) concentration in the extracellular fluid
An effective buffer is an ion that can absorb excess H+ ions to prevent pH changes
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a major role in haemostasis (blood clotting).
Haemostasis starts with platelet activation, which makes them sticky and promotes adhesion to injured tissues.
Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms prevent clotting in the intact circulatory system
Clotting disorders cause excessive bleeding.
Non-specific immune defenses include:
- Inflammation
- Skin
- Natural killer cells
Innate immunity is inherited and evoked by pathogens.
Acquired immunity can be obtained through:
- Natural active (contact with the disease)
- Natural passive (maternal antibodies)
- Artificial (immunisation)
The first line of defense against invaders includes:
- Skin
- Tears
- Saliva
Allergies are excessive immune responses against innocuous substances.

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Description

Test your knowledge on body fluids and circulation in the human body. This quiz covers the composition and movement of extracellular and intracellular fluids, osmotic pressures, and the regulation of water balance. Understand how hydration dynamics play a crucial role in overall health.