Body Fluid and Edema Overview

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of body weight is comprised of water in lean individuals?

80%

60% (correct)

50%

70%

Which term describes edema in the pleural cavity?

Hydropericardium

Hydrothorax (correct)

Hydroperitoneum

Anasarca

What type of edema is primarily related to increased vascular permeability?

Transudate edema

Severe edema

Inflammatory edema (correct)

Non-inflammatory edema

What is the specific gravity characteristic of exudate edema?

Greater than 1.020 Signup and view all the answers

What does increased hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature favor?

Fluid movement out of the vasculature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for non-inflammatory edema?

Vascular hydrostatic pressure balance Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to severe generalized edema including swelling of subcutaneous tissues?

Anasarca Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific gravity characteristic of transudate edema?

Less than 1.012 Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily indicated by increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillary beds?

Fluid retention in tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an example of impaired venous return causing edema?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What can result from a significant loss of plasma proteins in the body?

Generalized edema Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of damaged kidneys affecting plasma protein levels?

Loss of plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of diminished cardiac output on the body?

Increased risk of edema Signup and view all the answers

How does reduced plasma osmotic pressure contribute to edema?

It allows fluid to leave the capillaries into tissues Signup and view all the answers

What might diminished albumin levels indicate in a patient?

Liver dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between venous return and edema?

Improved venous return results in less tissue fluid accumulation. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased hydrostatic pressure have on the development of edema?

It favors the development of edema. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a localized example of impaired venous return that can result in edema?

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of colloid osmotic pressure in edema development?

Decreased colloid osmotic pressure promotes edema. Signup and view all the answers

How does impaired venous return affect hydrostatic pressure?

It causes an increase in hydrostatic pressure, driving fluid out. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding hydrostatic pressure and edema?

Increased hydrostatic pressure leads to fluid leaving the vasculature. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the fluid in a capillary bed when hydrostatic pressure increases?

Fluid is pushed out of the capillary. Signup and view all the answers

What caused the edema in the context of deep venous thrombosis (DVT)?

Increased pressure due to vessel occlusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT favor edema formation?

Increased colloid osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and edema?

Higher hydrostatic pressure drives fluid out of the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What clinical condition is indicated by increased hydrostatic pressure in the legs?

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily causes generalized edema due to diminished albumin in cirrhosis?

Insufficient production of albumin by the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically associated with lymphatic obstruction and its resulting edema?

Filariasis Signup and view all the answers

What is typically a consequence of reduced plasma osmotic pressure in capillaries?

Generalized edema due to fluid loss from vasculature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to the 'peau d'orange' appearance of the skin?

Metastatic cancer Signup and view all the answers

What results from diminished plasma protein levels due to damaged kidneys?

Generalized edema Signup and view all the answers

In the context of edema, which statement is true about albumin's role?

Albumin helps retain fluid in the vasculature Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible outcome of lymphatic obstruction in humans?

Fluid accumulation leading to localized edema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism by which edema can occur in patients with liver cirrhosis?

Insufficient albumin production Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Fluid

60% of lean body weight is water
66% of water is intracellular
28% of water is extracellular
5% of water is plasma
Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues
Hydrothorax is edema in the pleural cavity
Hydropericardium is edema in the pericardial cavity
Hydroperitoneum or ascites is edema in the peritoneal cavity
Anasarca is severe generalized edema that includes swelling of subcutaneous tissues and edema in body cavities

Edema and Pressure

Inflammatory edema is primarily related to increased vascular permeability
Inflammatory edema produces an exudate (protein-rich) with a specific gravity greater than 1.020
Non-inflammatory edema is determined by the balance between vascular hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure
Non-inflammatory edema produces a transudate (protein-poor) with a specific gravity less than 1.012
An increased hydrostatic pressure favors movement of fluid out of the vasculature
A decreased hydrostatic pressure favors fluid staying in the vasculature
An increased colloid osmotic pressure favors fluid staying in the vasculature
A decreased colloid osmotic pressure favors movement of fluid out of the vasculature

Increased Hydrostatic Pressure

Increased hydrostatic pressure favors edema
An example of increased hydrostatic pressure is a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower leg
A DVT occludes a vessel and increases hydrostatic pressure in the vessel, resulting in edema of the related area of the leg

Reduced Plasma Osmotic Pressure

Reduced plasma osmotic pressure favors edema
A diminished albumin level can cause reduced plasma osmotic pressure
Damaged kidneys can cause a loss of plasma proteins, leading to generalized edema
Cirrhosis causes insufficient production of albumin by the liver, which can result in generalized edema

Lymphatic Obstruction

Lymphatic obstruction can cause edema
Inflammatory conditions like Filariasis (elephantiasis) can cause lymphatic obstruction
Elephantiasis is a parasitic infection that results in lymph node fibrosis
Blockage of lymph nodes leads to enlargement of the lower extremities and external genitalia
Neoplastic conditions can cause lymphatic obstruction
Metastatic cancers can lodge in lymph nodes
Peau d’orange (orange peel) appearance of skin is a sign of finely pitted edema, often seen in breast cancers
Both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions prevent drainage of interstitial fluid and result in edema

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts about body fluids, including their distribution in the body and various types of edema. It highlights differences between inflammatory and non-inflammatory edema and their causes. Test your knowledge on the functions and implications of body fluids in human health.