Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of body weight is comprised of water in lean individuals?
What percentage of body weight is comprised of water in lean individuals?
- 80%
- 60% (correct)
- 50%
- 70%
Which term describes edema in the pleural cavity?
Which term describes edema in the pleural cavity?
- Hydropericardium
- Hydrothorax (correct)
- Hydroperitoneum
- Anasarca
What type of edema is primarily related to increased vascular permeability?
What type of edema is primarily related to increased vascular permeability?
- Transudate edema
- Severe edema
- Inflammatory edema (correct)
- Non-inflammatory edema
What is the specific gravity characteristic of exudate edema?
What is the specific gravity characteristic of exudate edema?
What does increased hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature favor?
What does increased hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature favor?
What is the primary mechanism for non-inflammatory edema?
What is the primary mechanism for non-inflammatory edema?
Which term refers to severe generalized edema including swelling of subcutaneous tissues?
Which term refers to severe generalized edema including swelling of subcutaneous tissues?
What is the specific gravity characteristic of transudate edema?
What is the specific gravity characteristic of transudate edema?
What is primarily indicated by increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillary beds?
What is primarily indicated by increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillary beds?
Which condition is an example of impaired venous return causing edema?
Which condition is an example of impaired venous return causing edema?
What can result from a significant loss of plasma proteins in the body?
What can result from a significant loss of plasma proteins in the body?
What is a common outcome of damaged kidneys affecting plasma protein levels?
What is a common outcome of damaged kidneys affecting plasma protein levels?
What is one effect of diminished cardiac output on the body?
What is one effect of diminished cardiac output on the body?
How does reduced plasma osmotic pressure contribute to edema?
How does reduced plasma osmotic pressure contribute to edema?
What might diminished albumin levels indicate in a patient?
What might diminished albumin levels indicate in a patient?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between venous return and edema?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between venous return and edema?
What effect does increased hydrostatic pressure have on the development of edema?
What effect does increased hydrostatic pressure have on the development of edema?
Which condition is a localized example of impaired venous return that can result in edema?
Which condition is a localized example of impaired venous return that can result in edema?
What is the role of colloid osmotic pressure in edema development?
What is the role of colloid osmotic pressure in edema development?
How does impaired venous return affect hydrostatic pressure?
How does impaired venous return affect hydrostatic pressure?
Which of the following statements is true regarding hydrostatic pressure and edema?
Which of the following statements is true regarding hydrostatic pressure and edema?
What happens to the fluid in a capillary bed when hydrostatic pressure increases?
What happens to the fluid in a capillary bed when hydrostatic pressure increases?
What caused the edema in the context of deep venous thrombosis (DVT)?
What caused the edema in the context of deep venous thrombosis (DVT)?
Which factor does NOT favor edema formation?
Which factor does NOT favor edema formation?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and edema?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and edema?
What clinical condition is indicated by increased hydrostatic pressure in the legs?
What clinical condition is indicated by increased hydrostatic pressure in the legs?
What primarily causes generalized edema due to diminished albumin in cirrhosis?
What primarily causes generalized edema due to diminished albumin in cirrhosis?
Which condition is specifically associated with lymphatic obstruction and its resulting edema?
Which condition is specifically associated with lymphatic obstruction and its resulting edema?
What is typically a consequence of reduced plasma osmotic pressure in capillaries?
What is typically a consequence of reduced plasma osmotic pressure in capillaries?
Which of the following conditions can lead to the 'peau d'orange' appearance of the skin?
Which of the following conditions can lead to the 'peau d'orange' appearance of the skin?
What results from diminished plasma protein levels due to damaged kidneys?
What results from diminished plasma protein levels due to damaged kidneys?
In the context of edema, which statement is true about albumin's role?
In the context of edema, which statement is true about albumin's role?
What is one possible outcome of lymphatic obstruction in humans?
What is one possible outcome of lymphatic obstruction in humans?
Which of the following is a mechanism by which edema can occur in patients with liver cirrhosis?
Which of the following is a mechanism by which edema can occur in patients with liver cirrhosis?
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Study Notes
Body Fluid
- 60% of lean body weight is water
- 66% of water is intracellular
- 28% of water is extracellular
- 5% of water is plasma
- Edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues
- Hydrothorax is edema in the pleural cavity
- Hydropericardium is edema in the pericardial cavity
- Hydroperitoneum or ascites is edema in the peritoneal cavity
- Anasarca is severe generalized edema that includes swelling of subcutaneous tissues and edema in body cavities
Edema and Pressure
- Inflammatory edema is primarily related to increased vascular permeability
- Inflammatory edema produces an exudate (protein-rich) with a specific gravity greater than 1.020
- Non-inflammatory edema is determined by the balance between vascular hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure
- Non-inflammatory edema produces a transudate (protein-poor) with a specific gravity less than 1.012
- An increased hydrostatic pressure favors movement of fluid out of the vasculature
- A decreased hydrostatic pressure favors fluid staying in the vasculature
- An increased colloid osmotic pressure favors fluid staying in the vasculature
- A decreased colloid osmotic pressure favors movement of fluid out of the vasculature
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
- Increased hydrostatic pressure favors edema
- An example of increased hydrostatic pressure is a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower leg
- A DVT occludes a vessel and increases hydrostatic pressure in the vessel, resulting in edema of the related area of the leg
Reduced Plasma Osmotic Pressure
- Reduced plasma osmotic pressure favors edema
- A diminished albumin level can cause reduced plasma osmotic pressure
- Damaged kidneys can cause a loss of plasma proteins, leading to generalized edema
- Cirrhosis causes insufficient production of albumin by the liver, which can result in generalized edema
Lymphatic Obstruction
- Lymphatic obstruction can cause edema
- Inflammatory conditions like Filariasis (elephantiasis) can cause lymphatic obstruction
- Elephantiasis is a parasitic infection that results in lymph node fibrosis
- Blockage of lymph nodes leads to enlargement of the lower extremities and external genitalia
- Neoplastic conditions can cause lymphatic obstruction
- Metastatic cancers can lodge in lymph nodes
- Peau d’orange (orange peel) appearance of skin is a sign of finely pitted edema, often seen in breast cancers
- Both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions prevent drainage of interstitial fluid and result in edema
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