64 Questions
Which nerve innervates the brachioradialis muscle?
Radial nerve
Which structure forms the carpal tunnel through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass?
Flexor retinaculum
Which muscle performs flexion with supination of the elbow joint?
Biceps
What is the function of the retinacula?
To prevent bowstringing of the tendons during wrist flexion and extension
Which structure invests the extensor tendons with synovial sheaths to reduce friction?
Extensor retinaculum
Which muscle performs flexion with pronation of the elbow joint?
Brachialis
Which nerve innervates the biceps muscle?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What structure invests the forearm muscles?
Antebrachial fascia
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the retinacula?
Both the extensor and flexor retinacula are formed by the thickening of the antebrachial fascia over the distal ends of the radius and ulna
Which structure is not mentioned in the given text?
Interosseous membrane
What is the origin of the ulnar head of the Pronator Teres muscle?
Coronoid process of ulna
Which muscle is innervated by the ulnar nerve?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
What is the function of the Pronator Teres muscle?
Flexion and pronation of the forearm
Where does the Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle insert?
Base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
What is the anatomical structure that the Palmaris Longus muscle is associated with?
Flexor retinaculum
What is the clinical significance of the median nerve passing between the two heads of the Pronator Teres muscle?
It can lead to median nerve entrapment, known as pronator syndrome.
Which muscle is absent in 12-20% of the population?
Palmaris Longus
Which of the following muscles is located in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)
What is the origin of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)?
Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna (humero-ulnar head)
What is the insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)?
Base of distal phalanges of fingers #2-5
Which of the following muscles originates from the anterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane?
Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)
What is the insertion of the Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)?
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Which of the following muscles is considered one of the carpal tunnel muscles?
Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)
What is the origin of the Pronator Quadratus (PQ)?
Anterior surface of distal 1/4 of ulna
Which muscle performs flexion of the elbow joint in mid-pronation position?
Brachioradialis
What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?
Retains the extensor tendons in position
Which nerve innervates the brachialis muscle?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the function of the synovial sheaths around the extensor tendons?
Reduce friction between the extensor tendons and bones
Which of the following structures is not mentioned in the given text?
Palmar fascia
What is the function of the flexor retinaculum?
Converts the anterior concavity of the carpus into a carpal tunnel
Which structure invests the forearm muscles?
Forearm (antebrachial) fascia
Which muscle performs flexion of the elbow joint with supination?
Biceps brachii
What is the function of the retinacula?
Prevent bowstringing of the tendons during hand flexion or hyperextension
Which muscle performs flexion of the elbow joint with pronation?
Brachialis
What is the primary cause of medial epicondylitis (golf elbow)?
Forceful and repeated bending of the wrist and fingers
Which of the following muscles or tendons is most likely affected in lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon
What is the terminal branch of the radial nerve that would be affected in a radial nerve injury?
All of the above
Which muscle(s) would be affected in a radial nerve injury?
Brachioradialis
Where does the radial artery pass in relation to the anatomical snuff box?
Deep to the extensor tendons
What is the primary symptom of medial epicondylitis (golf elbow)?
Tenderness and pain at the medial epicondyle
What is the primary symptom of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
Tenderness and pain at the lateral epicondyle
What is the most common cause of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?
Specific strain or overuse of the common extensor tendon
Which of the following activities is NOT commonly associated with medial epicondylitis (golf elbow)?
Tennis
What is the primary function of the extensor retinaculum?
To reduce friction of the extensor tendons
Which muscle(s) is/are part of the Central Group of intrinsic hand muscles as described in the text?
Palmar Interosseous Muscles
Where does the Palmar interosseous #3 muscle insert?
Little finger (finger #5)
Which muscle originates from the anterior side of the metacarpal of finger #2?
Palmar interosseous #1
Which Lumbrical muscle inserts into the dorsal digital expansion of the middle finger (finger #3)?
Lumbrical #2
Where does the Dorsal interosseous #4 muscle attach?
Medial side of the ring finger
To which metacarpal does Palmar interosseous #2 muscle attach?
Metacarpal #4
Which group of muscles forms part of the Central Group of intrinsic hand muscles in the presented text?
Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Where does the Dorsal interosseous #3 muscle insert?
Medial side of the middle finger (finger #3)
What is the origin of the Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB) muscle?
Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid, tubercle of trapezium
What is the function of the Opponens Pollicis (OP) muscle?
Opposition of the thumb
Which muscle originates from the pisiform bone?
Abductor Digiti Minimi (ADM)
Which muscle inserts into the 5th metacarpal bone?
Opponens Digiti Minimi
What is the origin of the oblique head of the Adductor Pollicis (AP) muscle?
Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones, capitate
How many Lumbrical muscles are present in the hand?
4
Which part of the hand is composed of the thumb, index, middle, ring, and little fingers?
Digits
What is the long axis of the thumb in relation to the other fingers?
Perpendicular
Which nerve passes through the Carpal Tunnel along with the flexor tendons?
Median nerve
Which muscles of the hand are innervated by either the median or ulnar nerves?
Thenar, Hypothenar, Central
Considering the movement of the thumb in relation to the fingers, what describes its motion accurately?
At a 90° angle to fingers
What is the relative position of the long axis of the hand in terms of the third metacarpal bone and middle finger?
Anterior to both
Explore the compartments of the upper limb, focusing on arm muscles and anterior forearm muscles. Learn from expert instructors Dr. K. Lumsden and Dr. M. Doroudi, referencing 'Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy' 9th edition.
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