BLS Pharmacology

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Questions and Answers

What age group can acetaminophen be administered to for mild to moderate discomfort?

Only to children over 5 years

Only to adults over 18 years

From 3 months of age and older (correct)

From birth to 2 years

Which of the following is a precaution when administering acetaminophen?

It can be given regardless of previous acetaminophen administration

Doses must be measured using a 3 mL, 5 mL, or 6 mL syringe (correct)

Patients should not be transported after administration

It is safe to administer without further evaluation

What condition is a contraindication for the administration of acetaminophen?

Mild headache

Fever above 100.4 F / 38 C

Head injury (correct)

Moderate discomfort

What is a key indication for using acetaminophen in patients?

Mild to moderate discomfort as indicated by a FACES score of 1-5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the adverse effects associated with acetaminophen?

They are not clinically significant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of activated charcoal without sorbitol?

Poisoning by mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for administering activated charcoal?

Altered mental status Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of activated charcoal?

Induction of vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum dosage of activated charcoal for adults?

1 gram/kg Signup and view all the answers

What forms of activated charcoal are available for administration?

25 grams/125 mL bottle and 50 grams/250 mL bottle Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken when administering activated charcoal?

It does not adsorb all drugs and toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following must occur before medication orders for activated charcoal are accepted?

Consultation with an approved base station is made Signup and view all the answers

What volume of activated charcoal should be administered to a pediatric patient weighing 30 kg?

30 grams Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary indication for administering naloxone?

To reverse respiratory depression induced by opioids Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for naloxone administration?

Patients under 28 days of age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of naloxone?

Opioid withdrawal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

How should naloxone be administered intranasally?

Dividing the dose equally between the nares Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of naloxone?

40 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main indications for the use of Albuterol?

Signs and symptoms of respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an adverse effect of Albuterol?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What preparation form of Albuterol can be used with a nebulizer?

Ampule for nebulizer Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum dosage of Albuterol for adults using an inhaler within a 30-minute period?

2 doses (4 puffs) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a contraindication for using Albuterol?

COPD/emphysema Signup and view all the answers

For a pediatric patient over 2 years old, what is the dosage of Albuterol by nebulized aerosol?

2.5 mg Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored due to the use of Albuterol in patients?

Heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main effects of oxygen therapy?

Improves tissue oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a precaution when using Albuterol?

May cause severe bronchospasm from repeated excessive use Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates the need for supplemental oxygen?

Hypoxia with SpO2 less than 94% Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for oxygen therapy?

COPD in certain patients Signup and view all the answers

How quickly does changing the percentage of inspired oxygen affect blood and tissue levels?

Within 5–20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution when administering oxygen to patients with COPD?

Never withhold oxygen from those who need it Signup and view all the answers

What type of mask requires a minimum flow rate of 12 lpm?

Non-rebreather face mask Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect may occur with high concentrations of oxygen in some patients?

Reduced respiratory drive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions does NOT typically indicate the need for oxygen therapy?

Normal oxygen saturation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acetaminophen

Trade name: Tylenol®.
Indicated for patients ≥3 months experiencing mild to moderate discomfort (1–5 on FACES scale) or fever (≥100.4°F / ≥38°C).
Generally, adverse effects are not clinically significant.
Administration does not negate the necessity for patient transport and evaluation.
Use specific syringes (3 mL, 5 mL, or 6 mL) for accurate dosage measurement.
Contraindicated in patients with head injury, hypotension, or recent acetaminophen use (within 4 hours).

Activated Charcoal (Without Sorbitol)

No trade names applicable.
Indicated for poisoning via oral ingestion.
Potential adverse effects include nausea and indirect vomiting.
Precaution necessary as it does not adsorb all drugs and toxins.
Contraindications include altered mental status and prior emetic administration.
Available in formulations: 25 grams/125 mL and 50 grams/250 mL.
Dosage: Adults and pediatrics receive 1 gram/kg orally.

Albuterol

Trade names include Proventil® and Ventolin®.
Indicated for respiratory distress, bronchospasm, and wheezing due to asthma, COPD/emphysema, or allergic reactions.
Common adverse effects: tachycardia, hypertension, angina, nervousness, tremors, dizziness, and nausea.
Excessive repeated use can lead to severe bronchospasm.
Contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity.
Preparations available: handheld aerosol inhaler and nebulizer ampule.
Dosage: Maximum 2 doses (4 puffs) for adults and pediatrics over 30 minutes via inhaler; nebulized adults receive 2.5 mg once, with a potential repeat; pediatrics' dosage varies by age.

Naloxone

Indicated for reversing respiratory depression from opioid/narcotic agents.
Contraindicated in patients under 28 days.
Potential adverse effect includes opioid withdrawal symptoms.
Precautions: may cause withdrawal in dependent patients; titrate to restore respiratory efforts, not full consciousness.
Intranasal administration via nasal atomizer is required. Effective for 40 minutes; monitor for longer-lasting opioid effects.
Dosage: Adults and children (28 days to adult) receive 2 mg IN or 4 mg/0.1 mL in one nare; repeat as necessary.

Oxygen

No trade names applicable.
Increases blood oxygen content, improves tissue oxygenation, and reduces respiratory energy expenditure.
Indications: hypoxia (SpO2 <94%), respiratory distress, cardiopulmonary arrest, trauma, CO exposure, and dyspnea.
Adverse effects: high oxygen levels can diminish respiratory drive in COPD patients, requiring monitoring.
Precautions include not withholding oxygen from those in need, cautious administration to COPD patients, and ensuring adequate flow rates for face masks (6 lpm for simple or partial rebreather, 12 lpm for non-rebreather).

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Test your knowledge on Acetaminophen, its indications, and adverse effects. This quiz is designed for healthcare professionals looking to understand the proper use of Tylenol® for patients aged 3 months and older. Explore essential pharmacological concepts within this focused assessment.

BLS Pharmacology - EMS

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