BLS Pharmacology: Acetaminophen
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Questions and Answers

What is the indication for acetaminophen?

  • Patients experiencing severe pain
  • Patients ages 3 years and above in mild to moderate discomfort (correct)
  • Patients with head injury
  • Patients under 3 years of age

    • Adverse effects of acetaminophen are clinically significant.

    False

    What are the precautions for administering acetaminophen?

    Acetaminophen for mild to moderate pain does not eliminate the need for transport to the hospital for comprehensive evaluation.

    Match the following acetaminophen contraindications with their descriptions:

    <p>Head Injury = Contraindication for acetaminophen use Hypotension = Contraindication for acetaminophen use Known or suspected liver disease = Contraindication for acetaminophen use Patients less than 3 years of age = Contraindication for acetaminophen use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit dose preparation of acetaminophen?

    <p>160 mg/5 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients aged 3 to 5 years, the dosage of acetaminophen is _____ mg/5 mL.

    <p>160</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for activated charcoal?

    <p>Poisoning by mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated charcoal can adsorb all drugs and toxic substances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for activated charcoal?

    <p>Altered mental status, patients who have received an emetic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage for activated charcoal?

    <p>1 gram/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is albuterol primarily indicated for?

    <p>Respiratory distress signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Albuterol can cause severe bronchospasm if used excessively.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using an albuterol inhaler?

    <p>Inhaler not prescribed for the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible adverse effects of using albuterol?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aspirin acts as a _____ inhibitor.

    <p>platelet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for aspirin?

    <p>Chest pain when acute myocardial infarction is suspected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Known hypersensitivity is a contraindication for aspirin use.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common adverse effects of aspirin?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage of aspirin for adults?

    <p>324 mg or 325 mg chewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for epinephrine?

    <p>Moderate to severe allergic reaction with respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common adverse effects of epinephrine?

    <p>Tachycardia, angina, headache, nausea, dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is there a contraindication for epinephrine when anaphylaxis is present?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage for epinephrine during an allergic reaction?

    <p>0.3 mg in 0.3 mL IM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacology of naloxone?

    <p>Reverses respiratory depression and effects due to opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naloxone is effective in the absence of opioid agents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for naloxone?

    <p>Respiratory depression from opioid overdose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the precautions when administering naloxone?

    <p>Naloxone may induce opioid withdrawal; dosage may need to be higher for certain drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adult dosage of naloxone when administered intranasally?

    <p>2 mg IN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for naloxone?

    <p>Under 28 days of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What preparations exist for nitroglycerin?

    <p>Spray or tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for nitroglycerin?

    <p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitroglycerin can be administered with a systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pediatric dosage for nitroglycerin?

    <p>Not indicated for pediatric patients under age 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for oxygen?

    <p>All medical and trauma patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are no contraindications for oxygen use.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage for adult oxygen administration?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acetaminophen

    • Indicated for patients aged 3 years and above experiencing mild to moderate discomfort (2-5 on FACES scale).
    • Adverse effects are generally not clinically significant.
    • Does not replace the need for hospital evaluation and definitive treatment for pain.
    • Contraindications include head injury, hypotension, recent acetaminophen use, inability to swallow, respiratory distress, persistent vomiting, liver disease, allergy, and patients under 3 years.
    • Available in unit dose of 160 mg/5 mL.
    • Dosage guidelines include:
      • Not indicated for under 3 years.
      • 3-5 years: 160 mg/5 mL.
      • 6-9 years: 320 mg/10 mL (two doses).
      • 10 years and above: 640 mg/20 mL (four doses).
      • Consult for dosing in underweight or overweight patients.

    Activated Charcoal

    • Indicated for poisoning by mouth.
    • Adverse effects may include nausea and induced vomiting.
    • Does not adsorb all substances.
    • Contraindicated in altered mental status or after receiving an emetic.
    • Available in 25 grams/125 mL and 50 grams/250 mL bottles.
    • Dosage for adults and pediatrics: 1 gram/kg.

    Albuterol

    • Indicated for respiratory distress, bronchospasm, and wheezing due to asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or allergic reactions.
    • Common adverse effects include tachycardia, hypertension, angina, and dizziness.
    • Precaution for severe bronchospasm from excessive use and need for a prescribed inhaler.
    • Contraindicated if inhaler is not prescribed for the patient.
    • Administered via a hand-held aerosol inhaler.
    • Dosage for adults and pediatrics is a maximum of 2 doses (4 puffs) every 30 minutes, with potential additional doses upon medical consultation.

    Aspirin

    • Acts as a platelet inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent.
    • Indicated for chest pain suspected to be an acute myocardial infarction.
    • Contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity.
    • Adverse effects include heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and wheezing.
    • Use with caution due to potential for GI bleeding.
    • Dosage for adults is 324 mg or 325 mg chewed; not indicated for pediatrics.

    Epinephrine

    • Indicated for moderate to severe allergic reactions with respiratory distress, and severe asthma in pediatrics.
    • Common adverse effects include tachycardia, headache, and hypertension.
    • Precautions for pregnant and cardiac patients, requiring consultation before administration.
    • No contraindications in the presence of anaphylaxis.
    • Preparations include vials (1 mg/mL) and preloaded syringes for adults and pediatrics.
    • Dosage:
      • Adults: 0.3 mg IM (patients 3 years and older).
      • Pediatrics: 0.15 mg IM (less than 3 years).
      • Further doses may require medical consultation.

    Naloxone

    • Reverses opioid effects, particularly respiratory depression.
    • Onset is rapid with intranasal (IN) administration; may require additional doses.
    • Indicated for respiratory depression due to opioid/narcotic agents.
    • Contraindicated in patients under 28 days old.
    • Adverse effects may include opioid withdrawal symptoms.
    • Precautions include risk of withdrawal in dependent patients and proper administration technique.
    • Dosage for adults and children 8+ years: 2 mg IN; for ages 28 days to under 8 years: 0.8-1 mg IN.

    Nitroglycerin

    • Indicated for patients with chest pain who have prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin.
    • Possible adverse effects include hypotension, headache, and dizziness.
    • Precaution to reassess blood pressure before and after administration.
    • Contraindicated for systolic BP under 90 mmHg, heart rates under 60, and unprescribed medication use, especially in pediatrics under age 12.
    • Available as a spray or tablet.
    • Adult dosage: one tablet/spray sublingually, with possible repeats after 3-5 minutes, up to three doses total.

    Oral Glucose

    • Indicated for altered mental status with known diabetic history and unconscious patients of unknown cause.
    • Adverse effects are minimally significant.
    • Contraindications are not clinically significant.
    • Available in glucose tubes containing 10-15 grams.
    • Dosage for adults and pediatrics is 10-15 grams of glucose paste administered between gum and cheek, with potential for additional doses after 10 minutes if no improvement.

    Oxygen

    • Indicated for all medical and trauma patients.
    • High concentrations may reduce respiratory drive in COPD patients.
    • Precautions include never withholding oxygen and providing minimum flow rates via mask or cannula.
    • No contraindications.
    • Dosage for adults and pediatrics: 12-15 lpm with non-rebreather mask or 2-6 lpm via nasal cannula.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the pharmacology of Acetaminophen, including its indications, adverse effects, and precautions. It is designed for BLS training and aims to enhance your understanding of this commonly used medication for pain management.

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